What class of drugs is Trezix?
Trezix may be used alone or with other medications. Trezix belongs to a class of drugs called Analgesics, Opioid Combos. It is not known if Trezix is safe and effective in children.
What drug class is carisoprodol?
Drug class: Skeletal muscle relaxants Medically reviewed by Sanjai Sinha, MD. Last updated on Mar 8, 2022. Uses Warnings Before taking Dosage Side effects Interactions What is carisoprodol? Carisoprodol is a muscle relaxer that blocks pain sensations between the nerves and the brain.
What class of drugs is Paxil?
Paxil may be used alone or with other medications. Paxil belongs to a class of drugs called Antidepressants, SSRIs. It is not known if Paxil is safe and effective in children. What are the possible side effects of Paxil?
What class of drug is methadone and Percocet?
Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Examples of Schedule II narcotics include: hydromorphone (Dilaudid®), methadone (Dolophine®), meperidine (Demerol®), oxycodone (OxyContin®, Percocet®), and fentanyl (Sublimaze®, Duragesic®).
What is the mechanism of action of PRECEDEX?
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective activator of the α2A receptor, acting on the nucleolus of the nucleus, and it can have a sedative and hypnotic effect; its action on the spinal cord can produce analgesic effects, while its action on the peripheral and CNSs can play a role in inhibiting sympathetic excitation ( ...
Is PRECEDEX a controlled substance?
PRECEDEX (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride) is not a controlled substance.
Is PRECEDEX a respiratory depressant?
Dexmedetomidine has potent sedative and analgesic-sparing properties. In therapeutic doses it does not cause respiratory depression, making it attractive for infusion sedation.
What is the drug PRECEDEX used for?
Dexmedetomidine is a sedative that is used to sedate a patient who is under intensive medical care and needs a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine).
Why can you only use precedex for 24 hours?
The FDA states that if used for >24 hours, dexmedetomidine can cause tolerance and tachyphylaxis. The FDA also states that prolonged exposure can cause a dose-related increase in adverse events such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure and agitation.
How long should precedex be used?
Precedex(TM) is indicated for sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in an intensive care setting. Precedex should be administered by continuous infusion not to exceed 24 hours.
When should you not use Precedex?
Who should not take Precedex Intravenous?severe heart block.slow heartbeat.severe heart failure.low blood pressure.liver problems.decreased blood volume.
Why is Precedex used in ICU?
Dexmedetomidine produces sedation while maintaining a degree of arousability and may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and delirium among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
What is the difference between propofol and Precedex?
Precedex and propofol are different types of sedatives. Precedex is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist and propofol is a sedative-hypnotic.
Does precedex help with anxiety?
However, some patients have difficulty tolerating this therapy due to anxiety. Dexmedetomidine (PRECEDEX) is an attractive sedative to manage this problem, since it may be titrated and doesn't suppress respiratory drive.
What is the antidote for precedex?
At present, there is no chemical reversal or antidote for dexmedetomidine. Supportive care and close monitoring are the staples of treatment for overdose.
Can precedex cause withdrawal?
With increased use, however, reports have emerged of withdrawal symptoms after prolonged infusions of dexmedetomidine in both adult and pediatric patients (6–14). The most common withdrawal symptoms previously reported include hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, agitation, and altered mental status (6–14).
Why is Precedex used in ICU?
Dexmedetomidine produces sedation while maintaining a degree of arousability and may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and delirium among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
What is the difference between propofol and Precedex?
Precedex and propofol are different types of sedatives. Precedex is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist and propofol is a sedative-hypnotic.
Is Precedex used for anxiety?
Abstract. Opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, antipsychotics and dexmedetomidine (Precedex) are frequently used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to manage pain, anxiety, agitation and delirium, and to facilitate procedures such as mechanical ventilation.
Can Precedex cause withdrawal?
With increased use, however, reports have emerged of withdrawal symptoms after prolonged infusions of dexmedetomidine in both adult and pediatric patients (6–14). The most common withdrawal symptoms previously reported include hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, agitation, and altered mental status (6–14).
What is precedex in water?
Precedex in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is supplied in glass containers containing a premixed, ready to use dexmedetomidine hydrochloride solution in 0.9% sodium chloride in water. No further dilution of these preparations are necessary.
How long does precedex last?
Precedex should be administered by continuous infusion not to exceed 24 hours.
How many mcg is precedex?
Precedex Injection, 80 mcg dexmedetomidine/20 mL (4 mcg/mL) in a glass vial. Ready to use.
How long does dexmedetomidine take to clear?
Clearance is estimated to be approximately 39 L/h. The mean body weight associated with this clearance estimate was 72 kg.
What is the steady state volume of distribution of dexmedetomidine?
The steady-state volume of distribution (V ss) of dexmedetomidine was approximately 118 liters. Dexmedetomidine protein binding was assessed in the plasma of normal healthy male and female subjects. The average protein binding was 94% and was constant across the different plasma concentrations tested. Protein binding was similar in males and females. The fraction of Precedex that was bound to plasma proteins was significantly decreased in subjects with hepatic impairment compared to healthy subjects.
How long can you take dexmedetomidine?
Use of dexmedetomidine beyond 24 hours has been associated with tolerance and tachyphylaxis and a dose-related increase in adverse reactions [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Is dexmedetomidine a biotransformation?
Dexmedetomidine undergoes almost complete biotransformation with very little unchanged dexmedetomidine excreted in urine and feces. Biotransformation involves both direct glucuronidation as well as cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism. The major metabolic pathways of dexmedetomidine are: direct N-glucuronidation to inactive metabolites; aliphatic hydroxylation (mediated primarily by CYP2A6 with a minor role of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19) of dexmedetomidine to generate 3-hydroxy-dexmedetomidine, the glucuronide of 3-hydroxy-dexmedetomidine, and 3-carboxy-dexmedetomidine; and N-methylation of dexmedetomidine to generate 3-hydroxy N-methyl-dexmedetomidine, 3-carboxy N-methyl-dexmedetomidine, and dexmedetomidine-N-methyl O-glucuronide.
How long does precedex last?
Precedex should be administered by continuous infusion not to exceed 24 hours.
What is precededex used for?
Precedex is indicated for sedation of non-intubated patients prior to and/or during surgical and other procedures.
How many mcg of pre-ex?
Precedex Injection, 80 mcg dexmedetomidine/20 mL (4 mcg/mL) dexmedetomidine in a 20 mL glass vial. Ready to use.
How much dexmedetomidine is in a ml of water?
Each mL contains 118 mcg of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride equivalent to 100 mcg (0.1 mg) of dexmedetomidine and 9 mg of sodium chloride in water and is to be used after dilution. The solution is preservative-free and contains no additives or chemical stabilizers.
How long does dexmedetomidine take to clear?
Clearance is estimated to be approximately 39 L/h. The mean body weight associated with this clearance estimate was 72 kg.
What is the steady state volume of distribution of dexmedetomidine?
The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) of dexmedetomidine was approximately 118 liters . Dexmedetomidine protein binding was assessed in the plasma of normal healthy male and female subjects. The average protein binding was 94% and was constant across the different plasma concentrations tested. Protein binding was similar in males and females. The fraction of Precedex that was bound to plasma proteins was significantly decreased in subjects with hepatic impairment compared to healthy subjects.
How long can you take dexmedetomidine?
Use of dexmedetomidine beyond 24 hours has been associated with tolerance and tachyphylaxis and a dose-related increase in adverse reactions [see ADVERSE REACTIONS ].
What is precedex in water?
Precedex in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is supplied in glass containers containing a premixed, ready to use dexmedetomidine hydrochloride solution in 0.9% sodium chloride in water. No further dilution of these preparations are necessary.
How long does precedex last?
Precedex dosing should be individualized and titrated to desired clinical response. Precedex is not indicated for infusions lasting longer than 24 hours. Precedex should be administered using a controlled infusion device.
How much sodium chloride to add to precedex?
To prepare the infusion, withdraw 2 mL of Precedex Injection, and add to 48 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection to a total of 50 mL. Shake gently to mix well.
Can you reduce precedex?
Due to possible pharmacodynamic interactions, a reduction in dosage of Precedex or other concomitant anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics or opioids may be required when co-administered [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Can you use precedex on natural rubber?
Although Precedex is dosed to effect, it is advisable to use administration components made with synthetic or coated natural rubber gaskets.
When should parenteral drug products be inspected?
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Can you administer precedex with blood?
Administration with Other Fluids. Precedex infusion should not be co-administered through the same intravenous catheter with blood or plasma because physical compatibility has not been established. Precedex has been shown to be incompatible when administered with the following drugs: amphotericin B, diazepam.
Indications for: PRECEDEX
For sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in an intensive care setting. For sedation of non-intubated patients prior to and/or during surgical and other procedures.
Adult Dosage
Individualize. Give by continuous infusion not to exceed 24hrs. Initiation of ICU sedation: give loading infusion of 1mcg/kg over 10 minutes; patients converting from alternate sedative therapy: a loading dose may not be required; >65yrs, hepatic impairment: reduce dose.
PRECEDEX Interactions
Additive effects with other vasodilators, negative chronotropic agents, anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, opioids; consider reducing dose. Incompatible with amphotericin B or diazepam; avoid co-administration.
Adverse Reactions
Hypotension, bradycardia, dry mouth; sinus arrest, transient hypertension (w. loading dose).
What is precededex?
Precedex is a potent and selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist that inhibits the release of noradrenaline from noradrenergic neurons. A reduction of heart rate may occur. In a clinical safety study the mean heart rate dropped from 127 bpm to 98 bpm for dogs treated with the Precedex gel.
What is the form of medicine?
Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
What is pharmaceutical company?
Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
What is the ATC code for medicine?
A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.
What is the role of active ingredient in a drug?
Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.
Can you give a dog precedex?
Precedex is not meant to be swallowed. Instead, it must be placed onto the mucosa between the dog’s cheek and gum. If Precedex is swallowed, the product may not be effective. If Precedex is swallowed, do not repeat the dose for at least two hours. Feeding and giving treats within 15 minutes after administration should be avoided.
What is dexmedetomidine used for?
Dexmedetomidine can also be used for procedural sedation such as during colonoscopy. It can be used as an adjunct with other sedatives like benzodiazepines, opioids, and propofol to enhance sedation and help maintain hemodynamic stability by decreasing the requirement of other sedatives.
How long does dexmedetomidine last?
The terminal elimination half-life of intravenous dexmedetomidine ranged 2.1-3.1 hours in healthy adults and 2.2-3.7 hours in ICU patients. Plasma protein binding of dexmedetomidine is about 94% (mostly albumin).
What is the selective ratio of dexmedetomidine?
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α 2 -adrenergic agonist. It possesses an α 2 :α 1 selectivity ratio of 1620:1, making it eight times more selective for the α 2 -receptor than clonidine. Unlike opioids and other sedatives such as propofol, dexmedetomidine is able to achieve its effects without causing respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine induces sedation by decreasing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus ceruleus in the brain stem, thereby increasing the downstream activity of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. In contrast, other sedatives like propofol and benzodiazepines directly increase activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. Through action on this endogenous sleep-promoting pathway the sedation produced by dexmedetomidine more closely mirrors natural sleep (specifically stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep ), as demonstrated by EEG studies. As such, dexmedetomidine provides less amnesia than benzodiazepines. Dexmedetomidine also has analgesic effects at the spinal cord level and other supraspinal sites. Thus, unlike other hypnotic agents like propofol, dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjunct medication to help decrease the opioid requirements of people in pain while still providing similar analgesia.
How is dexmedetomidine administered?
Dexmedetomidine can be administered via different routes such as intravenous or perineural which can alter its efficacy. Intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine is commonly initiated with a loading dose followed by a maintenance infusion. There may be great individual variability in the hemodynamic effects (especially on heart rate and blood pressure), as well as the sedative effects of this drug. For this reason, the dose must be carefully adjusted to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Where is dexmedetomidine metabolized?
Dexmedetomidine is metabolized by the liver, largely by glucuronidation (34%) as well as by oxidation via CYP2A6 and other Cytochrome P450 enzymes. As such, it should be used with caution in people with liver disease. The majority of metabolized dexmedetomidine is excreted in the urine (~95%).
Is precedex a sedative?
Dexmedetomidine, sold under the trade name Precedex among others, is an anxiolytic, sedative, and pain medication. Dexmedetomidine is notable for its ability to provide sedation without risk of respiratory depression (unlike other commonly used drugs such as propofol and fentanyl) and can provide cooperative or semi-rousable sedation.
Is dexmedetomidine used for anesthesia?
Dexmedetomidine has also been used as an adjunct to neuroaxial anesthesia for lower limb procedures.
How old is the most likely to be on DEX?
through May 2015. Patients aged 2-11 years old accounted for the largest proportion of DEX use among
When was 206628 approved?
206628) was recently approved in October 2015. On May 4, 2015 the Division of Pharmacovigilance
Is pre-ex indicated for intubation?
intubated patients prior to and/or during surgical and other procedures. Precedex is not indicated for
