What are the three different types of joints?
Types Of Joints
- Fibrous Joints. This type of joint is also called synarthrodial. ...
- Cartilaginous joints. Cartilaginous (synchondroses and symphyses): These joints occur where the connection between the articulating bones is made up of cartilage.
- Synovial Joints. ...
- Types of Synovial Joint. ...
What are the four movements of the ankle joint?
Structure and Function
- The ankle joint is important during ambulation because it adapts to the surface on which one walks.
- The movements that occur at the ankle joint are plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion.
- The muscles of the leg divide into anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments.
What muscles are used in the ankle?
Which ankle muscles plantar flex the ankle (plantar flexion)?
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Tibialis posterior
- Peroneus brevis
- Peroneus longus
How to tap ankle joint?
- Direct a 20 gauge (G) needle to the inside of the tibialis anterior tendon and below the medial malleolus.
- At a 45° angle, insert the needle 2–3 cm.
- Aspirate as soon as your needle enters the skin.
- Stop advancing the needle when you see fluid.
- Extract the joint fluid.
- Take the needle out and apply a bandage.
Is ankle joint hinge joint?
The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint, is a synovial joint that connects the bones of the leg, the fibula and tibia, with the talus of the foot. It is a complex hinge joint composed of two articulations.
What type of joint is the ankle and foot?
Alright, enough of the bad opening lines, let's discuss the joints of the ankle and the foot! The ankle joint or tibiotalar joint, is a hinge-type synovial joint located between the distal ends of the tibia and the fibula and the superior part of the talus, which are the three main bones of this joint.
What type of joint is the ankle and wrist?
(1) Gliding joints move against each other on a single plane. Major gliding joints include the intervertebral joints and the bones of the wrists and ankles. (2) Hinge joints move on just one axis. These joints allow for flexion and extension.
Is the ankle a hinge or Condyloid joint?
Ankle and Foot Joints Hinge joints in the ankle, which allow flexion (bending) and extension. Gliding joints found in the hindfoot, which allow gliding movements. Condyloid joints found in the forefoot and toes, which allow the flexion (bending) and extension, adduction and abduction (sideward movement).
Is the ankle a ball-and-socket joint?
The ball-and-socket ankle joint is a malformation of the ankle in which the articular surface of the talus is hemispherical in both the anteroposterior and lateral projections and has a congruent, concave tibial articular surface. Fourteen patients with this condition were identified retrospectively.
Where is the ankle joint?
The true ankle joint, which is composed of three bones: the tibia, the larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones, which forms the inside part of the of the ankle. the fibula, the smaller bone of the lower leg, which forms the outside part of the ankle.
What is the example of hinge joint?
[3][4] The hinge joints of the body include the elbow, knee, interphalangeal (IP) joints of the hand and foot and the tibiotalar joint of the ankle.
What type of joint is the foot?
The joints between the tarsal bones of the foot are known as the intertarsal joints. The specific intertarsal joints of the foot include the subtalar joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint, cuneonavicular joint, cuboideonavicular joint, and the intercuneiform joint.
What are the 4 main types of joints?
What are the different types of joints?Ball-and-socket joints. Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements.Hinge joints. ... Pivot joints. ... Ellipsoidal joints.
Is the ankle joint a saddle joint?
A saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) is a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex. It is found in the thumb, the thorax, the middle ear, and the heel....Saddle JointLatinarticulatio sellarisTA98A03.0.00.048TA21560FMA752985 more rows
What are the 3 joints of the ankle?
The ankle is composed of three joints: the talocrural joint (also called talotibial joint, tibiotalar joint, talar mortise, talar joint), the subtalar joint (also called talocalcaneal), and the Inferior tibiofibular joint. The joint surface of all bones in the ankle are covered with articular cartilage.
What are Condyloid joint?
A condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements.
What type of joint is the foot?
The joints between the tarsal bones of the foot are known as the intertarsal joints. The specific intertarsal joints of the foot include the subtalar joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint, cuneonavicular joint, cuboideonavicular joint, and the intercuneiform joint.
How many joints are in the ankle and foot?
33 jointsThe foot and ankle is a complex joint involved in movement and providing stability and balance to the body. The foot and ankle consists of 26 bones, 33 joints, and many muscles, tendons and ligaments.
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
synovial jointIntroduction. The subtalar (ST) joint is an articulation between two of the tarsal bones in the foot, the talus and calcaneus. The joint is classed structurally as a synovial joint, and functionally as a plane synovial joint.
Which joint connects the foot to the leg?
ankle jointTalocrural joint, or ankle joint, is formed between the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg) and the talus bone of the foot. It acts as a hinge joint, and allows for dorsiflexion (upward movement) and plantar flexion (downward movement).
Where does the arterial supply to the ankle joint come from?
The arterial supply to the ankle joint is derived from the malleolar branches of the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular arteries.
What type of joint is the shin joint?
Functionally, it is a hinge type joint, permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.
What are the different types of talus?
The body of the talus fits snugly into the mortise formed by the bones of the leg. The articulating part of the talus is wedge shaped – it is broad anteriorly, and narrow posteriorly: 1 Dorsiflexion – the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise, and the joint is more stable. 2 Plantarflexion – the posterior part of the talus is held in the mortise, and the joint is less stable.
What is the socket of the talus called?
This socket is known as a mortise. The body of the talus fits snugly into the mortise formed by the bones of the leg. The articulating part of the talus is wedge shaped – it is broad anteriorly, and narrow posteriorly: Dorsiflexion – the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise , and the joint is more stable.
What is the anterior talofibular?
Anterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and lateral aspect of the talus.
Which part of the talus is held in the mortise?
Dorsiflexion – the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise, and the joint is more stable. Plantarflexion – the posterior part of the talus is held in the mortise, and the joint is less stable. By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2021) Fig 2 – X-ray of a normal ankle joint.
What is a pott's fracture?
A Pott’s fracture is a term used to describe a bimalleolar (medial and lateral malleoli) or trimalleolar (medial and lateral malleoli, and distal tibia) fracture.
Where is the superior portion of the ankle joint located?
The superior portion of the ankle joint forms from the inferior articular surface of the tibia and the superior margin of the talus.
Which part of the ankle joint forms the lateral border of the ankle joint?
The articular facet of the lateral malleolus (bony prominence on the lower fibula) forms the lateral border of the ankle joint
What muscle is used to eversion of the ankle joint?
The peroneus longus and Peroneus Brevis muscles, found in the lateral compartment of the leg, function to facilitate eversion of the ankle joint.
What ligaments are responsible for lateral motion?
The lateral ligaments stabilize the ankle, and serve as a guide to direct ankle motion by attaching the lateral malleolus to the bones below the ankle joint. They are responsible for resistance against inversion and internal rotation stress.
Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle joint?
The tibialis anteriormuscle, found in the anterior compartment of the leg, is the primary muscle that facilitates dorsiflexion of the ankle joint. The peroneus longusand Peroneus Brevismuscles, found in the lateral compartment of the leg, function to facilitate eversion of the ankle joint. [1]
What joint is formed by the articulation of the talus, tibia, and fibula?
The ankle joint is a hinged synovial jointthat is formed by the articulation of the talus, tibia, and fibulabones. Together, the three borders (listed below) form the ankle mortise. The articular facet of the lateral malleolus (bony prominence on the lower fibula) forms the lateral border of the ankle joint.
What is the medial malleolus?
The articular facet of the medial malleolus (bony prominence on the lower tibia) forms the medial border of the joint. The superior portion of the ankle joint forms from the inferior articular surface of the tibia and the superior margin of the talus.
What are the bones that make up the ankle?
The ankle is a large joint made up of three bones: The shin bone (tibia) The thinner bone running next to the shin bone (fi bula) A foot bone that sits above the heel bone (talus) The bony bumps (or protrusions) seen and felt on the ankle have their own names: The medial malleolus, felt on the inside of your ankle is part of the tibia's base.
What is the most common form of arthritis in the ankle?
Ankle arthritis: While it’s not common, osteoar thritis, the most common form of arthritis, can affect the ankle. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune form of arthritis in which the body attacks joint tissue, causing inflammation, pain, and swelling. Any joint may be affected by rheumatoid arthritis, including the ankle.
Why do you need to have an ankle surgery?
In general, ankle surgery is performed in order to make the ankle more stable. Various techniques are used to keep the ankle bones in place. Syndesmotic screw: A surgeon places a screw connecting the bones of the lower leg. This keeps the bones together, giving a high ankle sprain time to heal.
What is the best treatment for ankle pain?
RICE therapy is good initial treatment for most ankle injuries. Pain medicines: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve) can ease most ankle pain.
What is the procedure to fuse bones of the ankle?
Ankle arthroscopic surgery: Ankle surgery using tools inserted through small incisions in the ankle. One of the tools, an endoscope, allows a surgeon to view the inside of the ankle joint on a video screen. Ankle fusion surgery: Surgery to fuse the bones of the ankle together, limiting movement in the ankle.
What is the physical examination of the ankle?
Physical examination: A health-care provider's examination of the ankle may identify whether an ankle fracture, sprain, or another condition is present.
What is a sprained ankle?
Sprained ankle: Damage to one of the ligaments in the ankle, usually from an accidental twist or turn of the foot. Rehabilitation can prevent pain and swelling from becoming a long-term problem.
What are the different types of ankle fractures?
Because the ankle joint comprises three bones, there are numerous types of ankle fractures. Doctors think of the ankle as having three sides and a "roof," and fractures can occur in each of these areas or in combination.
What is a broken ankle?
A broken ankle is a fracture or multiple fractures of one or more of three bones in the ankle joint: the tibia (shinbone), the fibula (outer bone of the lower leg), and the talus.
What causes a stress fracture in the ankle?
An ankle stress fracture usually occurs some time after a person begins a new activity that involves significant impact of the foot, such as hiking, running or field sports. They can also occur in an active person who quickly increases their activity, for example when someone who is accustomed to jogging a few miles a week begins to train for a 26-mile marathon.
What are the symptoms of a broken ankle?
The most common symptoms of an ankle fracture are pain and swelling, either of which may be present only in the ankle region itself or spread to parts of the foot or up toward the knee. Any pain will usually be more intense if the injured person tries to put weight on the ankle.
How is a broken ankle diagnosed?
X-rays are usually required to determine whether there is a broken bone as opposed to a soft-tissue injury like a sprain, since ankle sprains and breaks have similar symptoms. Other radiology imaging, such as a CT scan or MRI, may be needed to determine the full scope of the injury.
What is the recovery time of a broken ankle?
It takes about six weeks for bones to heal. It may take longer for ligaments or other soft tissues to heal as well.
What is the bump on the inside of the ankle called?
Bimalleolar ankle fracture: This second-most common type involves breaks of both the lateral malleolus and of the medial malleolus, the knobby bump on the inside of the ankle (in the lower portion of the tibia).
What is ankle fusion?
Ankle fusion (to treat arthritis): During this procedure, surgeons debride (remove damaged tissue) the surfaces of the ankle joint affected by arthritis. Then, surgeons fuse, or join, ankle bones together permanently with screws and metal plates.
What kind of anesthesia do you need for ankle replacement surgery?
Surgeries can range from minimally invasive arthroscopy to ankle replacement surgery. You will need local (below the waist) anesthesia or general anesthesia, so you sleep through the procedure.
What is the procedure to remove cartilage from the ankle?
Ankle arthroscopy (for arthritis and ankle injuries): This minimally invasive surgery involves several small incisions in your ankle. Surgeons use special instruments to remove bits of bone or cartilage from the ankle.
Why do you need surgery on your ankle?
Surgery on an ankle may be needed to treat fracture (broken bone), arthritis, tendonitis and problems that can’t be resolved with therapy and medications.
What is the procedure for tendonitis in the ankle?
Tendon surgery. With chronic tendonitis/synovitis of the ankle, surgery can be as simple as taking out diseased tendon tissue or repairing a tear. Or it can be complex as Achilles repair/reconstruction and tendon transfer, where a diseased tendon is removed and/or replaced with another tendon from the foot.
What are the complications of ankle surgery?
Ankle surgery may cause complications, including: 1 Bleeding and blood clots (deep vein thrombosis). 2 Damage to nerves or blood vessels in the ankle. 3 Infection. 4 Joint stiffness or weakness. 5 Reactions to anesthesia.
How to fix a broken ankle?
They replace the damaged joint with a replacement joint made of plastic or metal. In most cases, surgeons attach the replacement joint to existing bone using special surgical glue. Your surgeon may also use screws to help stabilize the ankle replacement.
Description
Clinical Significance
- Ankle Fracture -Ankle fractures are common in all ages with the involvement of one or both malleoli. The fracture pattern determines the stability of the fracture. Patients typically present with pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight on the ankle joint. Management of stable fractures includes a short leg cast for 4 to 6 weeks. Unstable fractures require an open reduction and inter…
Motions Available
- Talocrural Joint is a uniaxial hinge joint that has just 1° of Motion
- The reported normal available range for dorsiflexion varies in the literature between 0-16.5o and 0-25o.This changes in weight-bearing.
- The normal range of Plantarflexion has been reported to be around 0°- 50°
Clinical Examination
- Assessment
1. Ankle Joint Assessment Video - Special Tests
1. Kaltenborn Ankle & Foot Examination 2. Anterior Drawer of the Ankle 3. Squeeze Test 4. Talar Tilt Test 5. Kleiger Test
Pathology/Injury
Physiotherapeutic Techniques
- Rehabilitation of ankle injuries should be structured and individualized. 1. In the acute phase, the focus should be on controlling inflammation, reestablishing full range of motion, and gaining strength. 2. Once a pain-free range of motion and weight-bearing has been established, balance-training exercises should be incorporated to normalize neuromuscular control. 3. Advanced-pha…
Return to Activity Specific Training
- For sports persons an example is given below: When pain-free walking is achieved, progress to a regimen of 50% walking and 50% jogging. Using the same criteria, jogging eventually progresses to running, backward running, and pattern running. Circles and figures of 8 are commonly employed patterns. The final phase of the rehabilitation process is the athlete can perform spor…
Resources
- Anatomy of the Ankle Ligaments: A Pictorial Essay- In this pictorial essay, the ligaments around the ankle are grouped, depending on their anatomic orientation, and each of the ankle ligaments is d...