what type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

What are the causes of metacarpophalangeal joint pain?

These conditions are:

• Gout. This is an extremely painful condition. ...
• Osteoarthritis. This is due to breakdown of the cartilage on the end of bones in the MTP joint. ...
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This condition causes the lining of the joints to become inflamed and swollen. ...
• Psoriatic arthritis. ...
• Septic arthritis. ...

What type of joint is metacarpophalangeal?

The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges.

What causes thumb joint and wrist pain?

Wrist and thumb pain can be caused by:

• De Quervain’s tenosynovitis
• carpal tunnel syndrome
• basal joint or other type of arthritis

What is the treatment for thumb pain?

Treatment

• Medication
• Splint. A splint can support your joint and limit the movement of your thumb and wrist. ...
• Injections. If pain relievers and a splint aren't effective, your doctor might recommend injecting a long-acting corticosteroid into your thumb joint.
• Surgery. ...

What type of joint is the thumb joint?

saddle jointThe prime example of a saddle joint is the trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of your thumb. It connects the trapezium and the metacarpal bone of your thumb.

Is the carpometacarpal joint a gliding joint?

Movements. —The movements permitted in the carpometacarpal articulations of the fingers are limited to slight gliding of the articular surfaces upon each other, the extent of which varies in the different joints.

Is the carpometacarpal joint a Condyloid joint?

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a condyloid synovial saddle joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal. It is separate from the other CMCs in the hand. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and opposition (medial rotation with flexion).

What joint classification is the first carpometacarpal joint?

While the mobility of the fourth CMC joint thus is perceptible, the first joint is a saddle joint with two degrees of freedom which except flexion/extension also enable abduction/adduction and a limited amount of opposition.

Which joint is an example of a gliding joint?

wrist jointThe gliding joint is a synovial joint built between two bones that meet on flat articular surfaces allowing sliding or gliding motion. Example of a gliding joint is the wrist joint.

What are the 3 gliding joints?

The primary places in the human body that you will find gliding joints are in the ankles, wrist, and spine.

What type of joint is a condyloid joint?

A condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements.

What's a condyloid joint?

Medical Definition of condyloid joint : an articulation (as that between the metacarpals of the hand and the first phalanx of the fingers) in which an ovoid head is received into an elliptical cavity permitting all movements except axial rotation.

Which of the following is a condyloid joint?

Condyloid joints are present in the elbow, wrist joints, carpals of the wrist, and at the base of the index finger. The MCP joint is formed between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers.

What are the classification of joint?

The structural classification divides joints into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints depending on the material composing the joint and the presence or absence of a cavity in the joint. The functional classification divides joints into three categories: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses.

What type of joint is the carpal carpal?

Synovial ellipsoid jointRadiocarpal jointTypeSynovial ellipsoid joint;Articular surfacesProximal component - distal end of radius, articular disc Distal component - scaphoid, lunate and triquetral of the proximal row of carpal bones (also includes triangular fibrocartilage complex)4 more rows

Does the thumb have a PIP joint?

The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are commonly known as the middle knuckles of the fingers. The thumb does not have a PIP joint. In medical terminology, PIP joints are synovial joints located where two phalanges meet. Phalanges are the bones in the fingers, thumbs, and toes.

What type of joint is the carpal carpal?

Synovial ellipsoid jointRadiocarpal jointTypeSynovial ellipsoid joint;Articular surfacesProximal component - distal end of radius, articular disc Distal component - scaphoid, lunate and triquetral of the proximal row of carpal bones (also includes triangular fibrocartilage complex)4 more rows

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

condyloid synovial jointThe wrist joint also referred to as the radiocarpal joint is a condyloid synovial joint of the distal upper limb that connects and serves as a transition point between the forearm and hand. A condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements.

What type of joint is carpometacarpal 2 5?

synovial jointsThe carpometacarpal joints are made up of a number of bony articulations 1. The second to fifth carpometacarpal joints are synovial joints which commonly communicate with the intercarpal joints and the articulations at the metacarpal bases 1.

What type of synovial joint is the carpal carpal?

synovial plane jointsThe intercarpal joints are the synovial plane joints that connect the carpal bones....Intercarpal joints.TypeSynovial plane joints; biaxialMovementsFlexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction4 more rows•May 11, 2020

What is the CMC joint of the thumb?

The CMC joint of the thumb or the first CMC joint, also known as the trapeziometacarpal ( TMC) joint, differs significantly from the other four CMC joints and is therefore described separately.

What are the joints in the wrist called?

Ligaments of wrist. Posterior view. The carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are five joints in the wrist that articulate the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones . The CMC joint of the thumb or the first CMC joint, also known as the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint, differs significantly from ...

What is the first CMC joint?

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb ( pollex ), also known as the first carpometacarpal joint, or the trapeziometacarpal joint ...

What is the ligament in the metacarpal?

A strong, thick, and intracapsular ligament originating on the palmar tubercle of the trapezium to be inserted on the palmar tubercle of the first metacarpal. It is taut in abduction, extension, and pronation, and has been reported to have an important retaining function and to be elongated or absent in CMC joint arthritis.

Why is pronation important in the first metacarpal?

Pronation-supination of the first metacarpal is especially important for the action of opposition. The movements of the first CMC are limited by the shape of the joint, by the capsulo-ligamentous complex surrounding the joint, and by the balance among involved muscles. If the first metacarpal fails to sit well 'on the saddle', for example because of hypoplasia, the first CMC joint tends to be subluxated (i.e. slightly displaced) towards the radius.

Which ligament is the intracapsular ligament?

An intracapsular ligament stretching from the dorsoulnar side of the trapezium to the ulno-palmar tubercle of the first metacarpal. Not considered an important ligament to the first CMC joint, it tightens during forced adduction and radial abduction.

How long has the TMC joint been around?

The shape of the human TMC joint dates back about 5 million years ago. As a result of evolution, the human thumb CMC joint has positioned itself at 80° of pronation, 40° of abduction, and 50° of flexion in relation to an axis passing through the stable second and third CMC joints.

What Is the CMC Joint? (Thumb Joint)

The hand is composed of 27 bones that can be divided into two major groups. The carpal and metacarpal bones. They are illustrated to the right.

What Are the 5 Major Causes of CMC Joint Pain? (Thumb Pain)

Thumb pain can be debilitating making simple daily chores almost impossible. Common causes of thumb pain include:

What Is CMC Joint Osteoarthritis? (Thumb Arthritis)

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis affecting over 32 million U.S adults annually. It involves the gradual breakdown and erosion of the joint cartilage. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees. CMC joint osteoarthritis is a chronic, painful condition that involves the breakdown of the cartilage in the thumb.

What Causes CMC Joint Arthritis? (Continued Wear & Tear)

CMC joint arthritis is caused principally by many years of using the hand and thumb. Some refer to it as “wear and tear” type arthritis. This condition may be more likely if you have, do, or are:

What Are the Symptoms of CMC Joint Osteoarthritis? (Pain)

CMC joint osteoarthritis can cause a number of different symptoms. The most common include.

How Is CMC Joint Arthritis Diagnosed? (Physical Exam)

A detailed history and physical examination are essential and typically all that is needed for the diagnosis of CMC joint arthritis. On examination, the CMC joint is oftentimes tender to the touch. A reduced range of motion is common. Special maneuvers such as the “grind” test are often performed (9).

What Factors Affect the Stability of the CMC Joint? (Ligaments)

The stability of the CMC joint is dependent upon two principal factors.

What Is CMC Joint Arthroplasty?

Joint arthroplasty, or joint replacement surgery, is a surgical procedure in which a portion of damaged and inflamed bone is removed and replaced with metal implants in order to help relieve pain and improve physical functioning for patients with arthritis.

Purpose of CMC Joint Arthroplasty

CMC joint arthroplasty is commonly performed for arthritis of the thumb that does not improve with conservative treatment options, including: 4

How to Prepare

The surgical team will provide you with more detailed instructions on what you will need to do in the days and hours before your surgery. It is recommended that you stay active, eat a healthy diet, and stop smoking prior to any operation to promote optimal healing and a smooth recovery.

What to Expect

On the day of your CMC joint arthroplasty, you will be taken to a pre-op room where you will be asked to change into a gown. You will undergo a brief physical examination and answer questions about your medical history from the surgical team.

Recovery

After your surgery, your thumb will be placed in a cast for three to four weeks. When the cast is removed you will be given a plastic splint to wear for four to six weeks. The plastic splint should be worn at all times. However, it can be removed when performing specific exercises to strengthen your thumb.

Wound Care

Your surgeon will give you specific instructions on how to wash around your incision site once your cast is removed. Avoid applying lotions, creams, or ointments directly to the area unless specifically instructed to do so by your healthcare provider.

Coping with Recovery

It is important to follow all instructions from your surgeon and physical therapist or occupational therapist to promote optimal healing and recovery from CMC joint arthroplasty.

Overview

Clinical significance

Osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joints is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. When it affects the thumb it is termed trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.
Carpometacarpal bossing is the presence of a small immovable protuberance over the joint.

Thumb

Fingers

Synovial membranes

Notes

External links