Who were the composers of the Notre Dame school?
The composers of the Notre-Dame school are all anonymous except for two, Léonin ( q.v. ), or Leoninus (late 12th century), and Pérotin ( q.v. ), or Perotinus (flourished c. 1200), both of whom are mentioned in a 13th-century treatise by an anonymous Englishman studying in Paris.
What is the Notre Dame School of music?
Western music: The Notre-Dame school. Early in the 12th century the centre of musical activity shifted to the church of Notre-Dame in Paris, where the French composer Léonin recorded in the Magnus Liber Organi (“Great Book of Organum”) a collection of two-part organums for the entire.
What is the Notre Dame School of polyphony?
The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, along with the music they produced. Breves dies hominis, Notre-Dame school. Problems playing this file? See media help.
Who was the first composer to use chant in music?
…in compositions associated with the Notre-Dame school in Paris and collected in the Magnus liber organi (c. 1170; “Great Book of Organum”), probably by Léonin, or Leoninus, the first major composer known by name, who set chant melodies for the Graduals, Alleluias, and Responsories of the masses for all major….
What style of music came from the Notre Dame school?
The motet, one of the most important musical forms of the high Middle Ages and Renaissance, developed initially during the Notre Dame period out of the clausula, especially the form using multiple voices as elaborated by Pérotin, who paved the way for this particularly by replacing many of his predecessor (as canon of ...
What did the Notre Dame composers develop?
Leonin, Perotin, and the composers from the Notre Dame School contributed greatly to the development of modern music. The use of modal rhythms in the discant style that the Notre Dame School pioneered called for developing new music notation.
What type of music did Pérotin compose?
polyphonyPérotin ( fl. c. 1200) was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music. He is credited with developing the polyphonic practices of his predecessor, Léonin, with the introduction of three and four-part harmonies.
What type of music did Léonin compose?
Léonin (active ca. 1165-1185), or Leoninus, of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, is the earliest known composer of polyphonic art music and the creator of controlled rhythm and meter, as well as of the earliest notation to convey rhythm.
What characterized the music of the School of Notre Dame?
The Notre-Dame school is important to the history of music because it produced the earliest repertory of polyphonic (multipart) music to gain international prestige and circulation.
How many rhythmic modes were created by the Notre Dame composers?
In most sources there were six rhythmic modes, as first explained in the anonymous treatise of about 1260, De mensurabili musica (formerly attributed to Johannes de Garlandia, who is now believed merely to have edited it in the late 13th century for Jerome of Moravia, who incorporated it into his own compilation).
What is Notre Dame polyphony?
The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, along with the music they produced. The only composers whose names have come down to us from this time are Léonin and Pérotin.
Who invented polyphony?
Pérotin, Latin Perotinus, (died 1238?, Paris?, France), French composer of sacred polyphonic music, who is believed to have introduced the composition of polyphony in four parts into Western music.
How did Notre Dame play a role in polyphony?
The Notre Dame school, a group of composers working in and around the Cathedral between 1160 and 1250, pushed sacred music beyond the single line of Gregorian chant into polyphony— multiple musical voices occurring simultaneously.
Was Bach classical or baroque?
Bach in 1750 has traditionally been regarded as the end of the Baroque Period. The well-known Classical era of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven is said to have begun in 1775. The transitional, 25 year period between is known as Rococo.
What innovation of the school of Notre Dame can be seen in the music manuscripts of Léonin and Perotin?
Composers like Leonin and Perotin wrote innovative polyphonic music. It was a symbol of Gothic architecture.
What is the name of an outstanding composer of the school of Notre Dame?
Perotin. Perotin was one of the most renowned composers associated with the Notre Dame school of organum.
What is a Notre-Dame motet?
Notre-Dame motets. The earliest motets are the Notre-Dame motets, written by composers such as Leonin and Perotin during the 13th century . These motets were polyphonic, with a different text in each voice, and employed the rhythmic modes. An example of a Notre-Dame motet is Salve, salus hominum/O radians stella/nostrum by Perotin, ...
When was the Notre-Dame School?
The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, along with the music they produced. Breves dies hominis, Notre-Dame school.
Who are the three music theorists?
Three music theorists describe the contemporary practice: Johannes de Garlandia, Franco of Cologne, and Anonymous IV. However, they were all writing more than two generations after the music was written, and may have been imposing their current practice, which was quickly evolving, on music which was conceived differently.
Who was the first composer of organum quadruplum?
Pérotin is the first composer of organum quadruplum —four-voice polyphony —at least the first composer whose music has survived, since complete survivals of notated music from this time are scarce. Léonin, Pérotin and the other anonymous composers whose music has survived are representatives of the era of European music history known as ...
Who was John of Salisbury?
John of Salisbury (1120–1180), philosopher and Bishop of Chartres, who taught at the University of Paris during the years of Léonin but before Pérotin, was one of the latter. He attended many services at the Notre-Dame Choir School.
Who are the two composers that have come down to us from this time?
See media help. The only composers whose names have come down to us from this time are Léonin and Pérotin. Both were mentioned by an anonymous English student, known as Anonymous IV, who was either working or studying at Notre-Dame later in the 13th century. In addition to naming the two composers as "the best composers ...