The great cardiac vein (GCV) runs in the anterior interventricular groove and drains the anterior aspect of the heart where it is the venous complement of the left anterior descending artery. It is the main tributary of the coronary sinus.
Where does the great cardiac vein drain into?
The great cardiac vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. ... It merges with the oblique vein of the left atrium to form the coronary sinus, which drains into the right atrium.
What is the anatomy of the great cardiac vein?
Anatomical terminology. The great cardiac vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves around the left margin of the heart to reach the posterior surface.
Which vein drains anteriorly into the septum?
Images a and b show the anterior interventricular vein which drains the septum anteriorly, together with the left marginal vein to form the great cardiac vein (gcv). Images c and d are a lateral view of the heart (anterior to your left) showing the left marginal vein joining the great cardiac vein in the atrioventricular groove.
What is the junction of the great cardiac vein and sinus?
At the junction of the great cardiac vein and the coronary sinus, there is typically a valve present. This is the Vieussens valve of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart.
What drains into the great cardiac vein?
The great cardiac vein, also called the anterior interventricular vein, is a large blood vessel found on the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart....Great cardiac vein.Drains fromSmall venules of the apex of heartTributariesVenules of the ventricles and left atrium, left marginal vein, oblique vein of left atrium (of Marshall)2 more rows•May 11, 2020
What does the great cardiac vein drain and what does it drain into?
Gross anatomy Blood in each vessel flows in the same direction at this site. The great cardiac vein then drains into the left end (origin) of the coronary sinus, at the same end as the oblique vein of Marshall which together marks the origin of the coronary sinus.
Where do the great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into?
coronary sinusVenous Supply to the Heart. The great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, and the small cardiac vein all drain into the coronary sinus (which opens into the right atrium). The anterior cardiac veins drain directly into the right atrium.
Which veins drain into which?
The hepatic veins are three large vessels that drain the venous blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava. The main hepatic veins are the right, intermediate and left hepatic veins....Hepatic veins.Drains fromCentral veins of the liverTributariesUmbilical fissure veinDrains toInferior vena cavaDrainage areaLiverMay 11, 2020
What does the small cardiac vein drain?
The small cardiac vein, also known as the right cardiac vein [12], commonly drains the inferior and lateral wall of the right ventricle.
What are the three major veins that empty into the coronary sinus?
In summary, the following tributaries drain into the coronary sinus: Great cardiac vein. Oblique vein of the left atrium. Posterior vein of the left ventricle.
Where does the great cardiac vein start?
apex of the heartThe great cardiac vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart.
What main veins drain the blood from the heart wall?
The major venous vessels of the human heart are: coronary sinus, the anterior interventricular veins, left marginal veins, posterior veins of the left ventricle, and the posterior interventricular veins (see also the Coronary System Tutorial).
What does the middle cardiac vein run with?
It ends by draining into the right atrium via the coronary sinus. Along with the great and small cardiac veins, the middle cardiac vein constitutes the greater cardiac venous system....Middle cardiac vein.Drains fromSmall venules of the apex of heartDrainage areaExternal layer of the myocardium of the ventricles and left atrium1 more row•May 11, 2020
What veins drain into the left atrium?
The posterior interventricular vein and the middle and small cardiac veins drained through a dilated common conduit into the posterior region of the left atrium. The posterior vein of the left ventricle had an independent ostium that entered the left atrium.
Which veins empty into the right atrium?
Oxygen-poor blood from all over your body enters your right atrium through two large veins, your inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
Which vein of the heart drains into the right atrium?
It then curves around the left margin of the heart to reach the posterior surface. It merges with the oblique vein of the left atrium to form the coronary sinus, which drains into the right atrium .
What vein is at the center bottom of the heart?
The lungs have been pulled away from the median line, and a part of the right lung has been cut away to display the air-ducts and bloodvessels (great coronary vein labeled at center bottom). The great cardiac vein ( left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles . ...
What is the cardiac vein?
Great cardiac vein. Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart. (Great cardiac vein labeled at center left.) Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs. The lungs have been pulled away from the median line, and a part of the right lung has been cut away to display the air-ducts and bloodvessels ...
Which valve receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles?
This is the Vieussens valve of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart.
Where do the veins of the heart drain?
All the veins of the heart (except for those that drain directly into the myocardium) drain into the coronary sinus.
Which veins drain into the right ventricle?
The anterior venous circulation of the right ventricle is small with many branches either draining into the small cardiac vein or into the Thebesian veins. In the diagram these veins are implied by overlay and cannot all be visualized.
What veins travel with the arteries?
The anterior interventricular vein drains into the great cardiac vein which runs with the circumflex coronary artery in the A-V groove. It collects the marginal veins of the LV including the left marginal vein. The great cardiac vein proceeds posteriorly in the A-V groove and enters the coronary sinus. (c,d)
Why is the right atrium opened?
The right atrium has been opened in this normal heart in order to demonstrate the structure of the opening of the coronary sinus into the right atrium. The entrance of the SVC and IVC define superior and inferior and represent the right atrial side of the heart.
What is the axial image of a small cardiac vein?
The axial images reflect the branches that drain the posterior venous circulation, though only the middle cardiac vein is shown. The small cardiac vein is difficult to visualize on axial images – possibly because it is too small or that most venous drainage for that territory drains directly into the right atrium and right ventricle. In images a and b the middle cardiac vein is seen traveling with the PDA. In images c and d the middle cardiac vein is seen draining into the coronary sinus. A hint of a small cardiac vein is noted but the distinction between the artery and vein is difficult. In images e and f, the middle cardiac vein is significantly enlarged due to right heart failure.
What is the name of the vein that is shaped like a crown?
The coronary vein aka the left gastric vein, has also been a source of confusion since it has nothing to do with the heart and is named as such because it is shaped like a crown.
Where does the great cardiac vein begin?
The great cardiac vein begins at the cardiac apex and ascends along the anterior interventricular groove progressing to the base of the ventricles as the anterior inter ventricular vein. At the coronary groove it turns to the left to form the base of the triangle of “Brocq and Mouchet “with the two branches of the left coronary artery; the left anterior descending and the left circumflex arteries. The triangle is traversed by the diagonal branch of the LAD. The great cardiac vein runs along the coronary grove with the left circumflex to reach the posterior surface of the heart where it terminates by opening into the left extremity of the coronary sinus . (This is a rare occurrence of arterial and venous flow in the same direction – in the coronary groove). The opening of the great cardiac vein is guarded by the valve of Vieussens.
What is the cardiac vein?
The cardiac veins, in general, follow the distribution of the coronary artery system, running parallel and superficial to the coronary arteries and their branches. The great cardiac vein runs parallel but in opposite direction to the LAD in the anterior interventricular groove (see Fig. 50.3A ). The great cardiac vein continues its course in the left anterior AV groove along with the LCx artery (see Fig. 50.3A ). Throughout its course, the great cardiac vein receives its tributaries from the left ventricle and atrium. In the left posterior AV groove, the great cardiac vein becomes a larger venous structure known as the coronary sinus (see Fig. 50.3B ). The coronary sinus is about 3 to 5 mm in diameter and 2 to 5 cm in length and receives blood from most cardiac veins before it empties into the right atrium. One of its major tributaries is the middle cardiac vein, which runs superiorly in the posterior interventricular groove along the PDA (see Fig. 50.3B ). It empties into the coronary sinus at the crux of the heart. The lateral, posterolateral, and posterior cardiac veins of the left ventricle receive blood from their respective aspects of the left ventricle before emptying into the coronary sinus along the left AV groove. There are multiple anterior cardiac veins that receive blood from the right ventricle and drain into the small cardiac vein. The small cardiac vein runs along the right AV groove downward toward the crux, where it subsequently empties into the coronary sinus. Some of the anterior cardiac veins drain directly into the right atrium.
Which vein moves blood away from the anterior aspect of the heart and runs with the LAD?
The great cardiac vein: main tributary of the coronary sinus. Moves blood away from the anterior aspect of the heart and runs with the LAD.
What is the bandlike muscular structure that extends from the underside of the right atrial appendage to the?
46 A bandlike muscular structure extending from the underside of the right atrial appendage to the right ventricle was identified during dissection of the right AV groove ( Fig. 25-6 ). Internally, this structure corresponded to a pouch with a muscular wall that coursed through the epicardial fat and ultimately continued into the ventricular myocardium about 5 mm from the annular insertion of the tricuspid valve.
Where do epicardial APs occur?
Most reported epicardial APs occur adjacent to a CS diverticulum, the MCV, or the great cardiac vein.94 The atrial appendage-to-ventricular pathway is a recognized variant of AP connections that is characterized by an epicardial course connecting the atrial appendage and the ventricular base, most frequently on the right side. Delivery of RF energy at endocardial sites may be ineffective, resulting in failure of ablation or recurrence of pathway conduction.
Where do the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci continue?
Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci continue inferiorly to right of apex
Can cryoablation be done for ventricular tachycardia?
A few case series on cryoablation for ventricular tachycardia have been published. 165,166 Obel and coworkers reported three cases of left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia successfully ablated from the distal great cardiac vein.167 In a larger series, cryoablation with an 8-mm-tip catheter was attempted in 14 patients with highly symptomatic frequent monomorphic ventricular premature beats or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia originating within the right ventricular outflow tract. 168 Cryoablation resulted in complete success in all but one patient. Three patients reported slight pain arising from local pressure of the catheter on the right ventricular outflow tract with no pain related to delivery of cryothermal energy. All patients with acutely successful procedures remained arrhythmia free at 3 months of follow-up.
Which vein accompanies the AM?
The small cardiac vein: accompanies the AM. Removes blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.
Which vein runs alongside the circumflex artery?
At the coronary sulcus it turns left, to runs alongside the circumflex artery in the left atrioventricular groove. Blood in each vessel flows in the same direction at this site. The great cardiac vein then drains into the left end (origin) of the coronary sinus, at the same end as the oblique vein of Marshall which together marks the origin of the coronary sinus.
Where is the GCV?
The great cardiac vein (GCV) runs in the anterior interventricular groove and drains the anterior aspect of the heart where it is the venous complement of the left anterior descending artery. It is the main tributary of the coronary sinus .
Is the great cardiac vein superficial to the artery?
The relationship of the great cardiac vein to the left anterior descending artery is highly variable. In 60-70% of cases, the vein is superficial to the artery.
Which veins drain the right atrium?
The third is the system of the Thebessian veins, and comprises small veins that drain different portions of the right atrium and ventricle and empty directly and individually ...
Where does the great cardiac vein run?
After passing the lateral wall of the pulmonary root, the great cardiac vein runs straight toward the left coronary fossa .
What is the relationship between the Great Cardiac Vein and the Circumflex artery?
Due to superior dislocation of the great cardiac veins, the coronary sinus finally runs superior to the attachment of the left atrium.The Cx is positioned just inferior to the sinus, in the coronary groove.
What is the valve of the left atrium?
1. The valve of Thebesius (also known as the valve of Vieussens) 2. The Thebesius vein (The oblique vein of the left atrium) (also known as the vein of Marshall) The vein runs along the anterior surface of the left atrium toward the coronary sinus. This small vein is present in 95% of cases.
Which sinus collects the entire venous drainage from the left ventricle?
The coronary sinus collects the entire venous drainage from the left ventricle via the great and middle cardiac veins
Which vein is left lateral?
GREAT CARDIAC AND LEFT MARGINAL VEINS. Left lateral view of the Heart. On reaching the lateral wall of the pulmonary trunk, the great cardiac vein turns to the left and enters the left lateral extremity of the coronary sulcus. Note that the left auricle covers the vein.
Where does the anterolateral vein run?
Starting in the lower third of the anterior interventricular sulcus and. runs toward the left coronary fossa. The Anterolateral vein is a large branch that drain the anterolateral surface. of the left ventricle and terminates by opening into the great cardiac vein.
What is the name of the vein that drains into the right atrium?
great cardiac vein. middle cardiac vein. small cardiac vein. posterior vein of the left ventricle. vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium) the anterior cardiac veins which drain directly into the right atrium. the venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins a.k.a. Thebesian veins) which drain directly into all four chambers, ...
Which veins return blood to the right atrium?
Coronary veins. The coronary veins return deoxygenated blood from the myocardium back to the right atrium. Most venous blood returns via the coronary sinus . Coronary venous anatomy is highly variable, but is generally comprised of three groups:
