What were the results of the Peloponnesian War?
Overall achievements of the Peloponnesian War for Sparta were:
- The elimination of Athens as a strategic rival in Greece, stripping her of her walls, her navy, her overseas colonies, and many of her economic resources
- Suspension of Democracy in Athens; a period known as the "Thirty Tyrants" followed
- The destruction of the Delian League and disbandment of its member states
What are the cause and effect of the Peloponnesian Wars?
What Are The Cause And Effect Of The Peloponnesian Wars ? Peloponnesian wars were a result of the lack of understanding between Athens and Sparta. Both were cities in Greece. There was a truce period of 30 years before the Peloponnesian wars started between Athens and Sparta.
What was one cause of the Peloponnesian War?
immediate cause of the Peloponnesian War was Corinthian opportunism. Thucydides is mistaken in his famous assertion that "[w]hat made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta".[1] Both powers had demonstrated a reluctance for head-on war over matters peripheral to their respective spheres
Which of the following were effects of the Peloponnesian War?
Peloponnesian War
- During the first years of the war moved slowly
- Athens moved its people inside the city walls
- Athenian army was wealthy and well protected behind their walls
- Spartans did not have an navy so Athenians were free to sail around and get supplies
What was an outcome of the Peloponnesian War quizlet?
What was an outcome of the Peloponnesian War? Sparta defeated Athens.
What were 3 outcomes of the Peloponnesian War?
Peloponnesian WarDate431 – April 25, 404 BCLocationMainland Greece, Asia Minor, SicilyResultPeloponnesian League victory Thirty Tyrants installed in Athens Spartan hegemonyTerritorial changesDissolution of the Delian League; Spartan hegemony over Athens and its allies;
What were the causes and outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
The Peloponnesian War was caused by the growing power of Athens and Sparta. It was also caused by their rivalry, and the tensions built between city-states by the Delian League.
Which of the following best describes the results of the Peloponnesian War?
What best describes the result of the Peloponnesian War? Athens and Sparta fought a vicious war, won by Sparta that left Greece devastated. Where were Alexander the Great and his father, Phillip II, from?
What was the Peloponnesian War?
Vocabulary. The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). This war shifted power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the region. The war featured two periods of combat separated by ...
Who defeated the Athenian fleet?
It would be another decade of warfare before the Spartan general Lysander defeated the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami. This defeat led to Athenian surrender. As a result, the Peloponnesian War was concluded. Simultaneous to the end of this conflict came the end of the golden age of ancient Greece.
How did Sparta start the war?
The Spartan army began by raiding lands within an Athenian allied territory, particularly a region near Athens called Attica. The Athenians had built walls stretching from their seaport to the city of Athens.
What was the agreement between Sparta and Athens?
After years of open warfare, Sparta offered peace and Athens accepted. The agreement was made official with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. The treaty stated that Athens and Sparta would defend each other for the next 50 years. However, the treaty only lasted six.
Who was Sparta's allies?
One of Sparta’s allies, Corinth , had directly engaged the Athenian army. As a Spartan ally, Corinth resumed hostilities toward Athens when Athens threatened Corinth ’s interests in the region surrounding Corcyra. This eventually drew Sparta into the conflict.
Why did the Athenians use the walls?
Instead, the Athenians used their navy to deliver troops into the Spartan territory to conduct raids on settlements.
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Peloponnesian War, (431–404 bce ), war fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta. Each stood at the head of alliances that, between them, included nearly every Greek city-state. The fighting engulfed virtually the entire Greek world, and it was properly regarded by Thucydides, whose contemporary account of it is considered to be among the world’s finest works of history, as the most momentous war up to that time.
How long did the Spartans fight?
The years of fighting that followed can be divided into two periods, separated by a truce of six years. The first period lasted 10 years and began with the Spartans, under Archidamus II, leading an army into Attica, the region around Athens.
What happened to the Spartan fleet in 405?
The end came in 405 when the Athenian navy was destroyed at Aegospotami by the Spartan fleet under Lysander, who had received much aid from the Persians.
How long did the peace of Nicias last?
The so-called Peace of Nicias began in 421 and lasted six years. It was a period in which diplomatic maneuvers gradually gave way to small-scale military operations as each city tried to win smaller states over to its side. The uncertain peace was finally shattered when, in 415, the Athenians launched a massive assault against Sicily. The next 11 years made up the war’s second period of fighting. The decisive event was the catastrophe suffered by the Athenians in Sicily. Aided by a force of Spartans, Syracuse was able to break an Athenian blockade. Even after gaining reinforcements in 413, the Athenian army was defeated again. Soon afterward the navy was also beaten, and the Athenians were utterly destroyed as they tried to retreat.
What was the Athenian alliance?
The Athenian alliance was, in fact, an empire that included most of the island and coastal states around the northern and eastern shores of the Aegean Sea. Sparta was leader of an alliance of independent states that included most of the major land powers of the Peloponnese and central Greece, as well as the sea power Corinth.
What happened in 433, when Athens allied itself with Corcyra?
In the following years their respective blocs observed an uneasy peace. The events that led to renewed hostilities began in 433, when Athens allied itself with Corcyra (modern Corfu ), a strategically important colony of Corinth.
Who voted to massacre the men of Mytilene and enslave everyone else?
Urged on by the demagogue Cleon, the Athenians voted to massacre the men of Mytilene and enslave everyone else, but they relented the next day and killed only the leaders of the revolt. Spartan initiatives during the plague years were all unsuccessful except for the capture of the strategic city Plataea in 427.
How did the Peloponnesian War affect the Greek world?
The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens was completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity. The war also wrought subtler changes to Greek society; the conflict between democratic Athens and oligarchic Sparta, each of which supported friendly political factions within other states , made war a common occurrence in the Greek world.
When did the Peloponnesian War start?
For the book by the Greek historian Thucydides, see History of the Peloponnesian War. The Peloponnesian war alliances at 431 BC. Orange: Athenian Empire and Allies; Green: Spartan Confederacy.
What was the conflict between Athens and the Peloponnesian states?
Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia. In the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta sent ambassadors to persuade Athens not to reconstruct their walls (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed. According to Thucydides, although the Spartans took no action at this time, they "secretly felt aggrieved". Conflict between the states flared up again in 465 BC, when a helot revolt broke out in Sparta. The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt. Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites ), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. According to Thucydides, the Spartans acted in this way out of fear that the Athenians would switch sides and support the helots; the offended Athenians repudiated their alliance with Sparta. When the rebellious helots were finally forced to surrender and permitted to evacuate the state, the Athenians settled them at the strategic city of Naupaktos on the Gulf of Corinth.
What was the name of the Greek empire that led the Peloponnesian war?
After defeating the Second Persian invasion of Greece in the year 480 BC, Athens led the coalition of Greek city-states that continued the Greco-Persian Wars with attacks on Persian territories in the Aegean and Ionia. What then ensued was a period, referred to as the Pentecontaetia (the name given by Thucydides), in which Athens increasingly became in fact an empire, carrying out an aggressive war against Persia and increasingly dominating other city-states. Athens proceeded to bring under its control all of Greece except for Sparta and its allies, ushering in a period which is known to history as the Athenian Empire. By the middle of the century, the Persians had been driven from the Aegean and forced to cede control of a vast range of territories to Athens. At the same time, Athens greatly increased its own power; a number of its formerly independent allies were reduced, over the course of the century, to the status of tribute-paying subject states of the Delian League. This tribute was used to support a powerful fleet and, after the middle of the century, to fund massive public works programs in Athens, causing resentment.
What was the name of the Greek war that took place between Athens and Sparta?
Orange: Athenian Empire and Allies; Green: Spartan Confederacy. Persia regains control over Ionia. unknown number of civilian casualties. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between the Delian League, led by Athens, and the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta.
How many ships did the Athenian army have?
Sicily and the Peloponnesian War. The Athenian force consisted of over 100 ships and some 5,000 infantry and light-armored troops. Cavalry was limited to about 30 horses, which proved to be no match for the large and highly trained Syracusan cavalry.
How long did the Peace of Nicias last?
With the death of Cleon and Brasidas, zealous war hawks for both nations, the Peace of Nicias was able to last for some six years. However, it was a time of constant skirmishing in and around the Peloponnese. While the Spartans refrained from action themselves, some of their allies began to talk of revolt.
What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War.
What was the impact of the Peloponnesian War on the Greeks?
However, it marked the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. The destruction from the Peloponnesian War weakened and divided the Greeks for years to come, eventually allowing the Macedonians an opportunity to conquer them in the mid-4 th century BCE.
Why was Lysander loyal to Sparta?
Because Lysander was also directly involved in the selection of the Thirty, these men were loyal to him over Sparta, causing King Agis and King Pausanias to agree to the abolishment of his Aegean decarchies, and eventually the restoration of democracy in Athens, which quickly curbed Lysander’s political influence . Lysander.
What was the name of the war between the Spartans and the Thebes?
This led to a number of Spartan expeditions against Thebes, known as The Boeotian War. The Greek city-states eventually attempted to broker peace, but Theban diplomat Epaminondas angered Agesilaus by arguing for the freedom of non-Spartan citizens within Laconia. As a result, Agesilaus excluded the Thebans from the treaty, and the Battle of Leuctra broke out in 371 BCE; the Spartans eventually lost. Sparta’s international political influence precipitated quickly after their defeat.
What did Lysander do to the Thirty Tyrants?
Lysander also managed to require Athens to recall its exiles, causing political instability within the city-state, of which Lysander took advantage to establish the oligarchy that came to be known as the Thirty Tyrants.
Why was democracy overthrown in Athens?
Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. Citizens reacted against Athens’ defeat, blaming democratic politicians, such as Cleon and Cleophon. The Spartan army encouraged revolt, installing a pro-Spartan oligarchy within Athens, called the Thirty Tyrants, in 404 BCE.
What happened during the Thirty Tyrants?
During the Thirty Tyrants’ rule, five percent of the Athenian population was killed, private property was confiscated, and democratic supporters were exiled. The Thirty appointed a council of 500 to serve the judicial functions that had formerly belonged to all citizens.
Explanation
The Peloponnesian War was an antique Greek war fought by the Delian League started by Athens against the Peloponnesian League headed by Sparta. The wealth, influence, management, and power of Athens created discontent among other city-states. A disease that destroyed many Athenians supported Sparta defeat Athens.
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