Who owns Bush Hill?
William Hamilton, the owner of Bush Hill, received $2,000 for the use of his property during the 1793 epidemic and as rent for the ensuing 1.5 years in the event that Philadelphia should experience a similar need during that period. The estate was used as a yellow fever hospital again in 1797. Changes in Bush Hill Over Time
What happened at the Bush Hill Hospital?
The Bush Hill Hospital, which housed the sick poor, was desperately understaffed. When Philadelphia’s mayor asked the public for help, a French-born merchant from Santo Domingo named Stephen Girard stepped up and recommended his compatriot, Dr. Jean Devèze, to head the hospital.
What happened to the scoundrels of Bush Hill?
Previously rumored to be “one step away from Hell,” filled with criminals, now Bush Hill has been transformed by Mr. Stephen Girard into “a right proper hospital,” and all the “scoundrels” have been driven off. Mattie can’t rest until she can make sense of her circumstances—an aspect of her independent personality.
What happened to George Washington's Bush Hill estate?
He had very little interest in Bush Hill, and there is no record of his ever occupying the manor. He eventually settled into the mansion at The Woodlands, another estate he had inherited (located on the west side of the Schuylkill River) he had built in about 1770 and expanded in the late 1780s.
What is Bush Hill in Fever 1793?
In Fever 1793, Bush Hill was a dangerous place that was purchased by a rich businessman and converted into a hospital for those sick with yellow fever. Matilda had to spend time there with her grandfather while recovering from yellow fever.
What is Bush Hill now?
There is nothing left of Bush Hill today; the house was demolished in 1875 and the area is now home to the Community College of Philadelphia.
How did doctors treat yellow fever in 1793?
In 1793, during a yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, Benjamin Rush adopted a therapy that centered on rapid depletion through purgation and bleeding. His method, especially his reliance on copious bloodletting, was at first widely condemned, but many American practitioners eventually adopted it.
How long did yellow fever last in 1793?
Yellow fever appeared in the U.S. in the late 17th century. The deadly virus continued to strike cities, mostly eastern seaports and Gulf Coast cities, for the next two hundred years, killing hundreds, sometimes thousands in a single summer.
Is yellow fever caused by virus?
Yellow fever is caused by a virus that is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. These mosquitoes thrive in and near human habitations where they breed in even the cleanest water. Most cases of yellow fever occur in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America.
Is there a movie for the book Fever 1793?
In 1793. On Wednesday night, a partnership of History Making Productions (founded by me and Philip Katz) and WPVI-TV/6 ABC, will broadcast Fever 1793. The film has everything to make for a watchable TV show: production value, interesting experts, rarely seen imagery, death, disease and destruction.
Does yellow fever still exist?
Does yellow fever still exist today? Yes, the virus is still active in Africa and South America. The U.S. hasn't had an outbreak since 1905. Yellow fever is a viral disease that happens in parts of Africa and South America that is spread by mosquito bites.
What ended yellow fever?
Finally, on November 11 1906, the last victim of yellow fever on the Panama Canal died. The yellow fever epidemic was over. After World War II, the world had DDT in its arsenal of mosquito control measures, and mosquito eradication became the primary method of controlling yellow fever.
How many died from yellow fever?
Yellow fever epidemics caused terror, economic disruption, and some 100,000-150,000 deaths.
Is yellow fever still around in 2022?
In 2022, two additional countries, Kenya3 and Uganda4, have reported confirmed cases of yellow fever.
Who cured yellow fever?
In 1951, Max Theiler of the Rockefeller Foundation received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever—a discovery first reported in the JEM 70 years ago. This was the first, and so far the only, Nobel Prize given for the development of a virus vaccine.
Is yellow fever still around in 2021?
In 2021, nine countries in the WHO African Region (Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic (CAR), Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, and Republic of Congo,) reported human laboratory confirmed cases of yellow fever (YF) in areas that are at high risk for the disease and have ...
How did French doctors treat yellow fever?
Deveze's “French cure” used stimulants and quinine and is somewhat similar to today's treatments for yellow fever. People also soaked cloth in vinegar, carried twists of tobacco, fired rifles and smoked cigars, hoping the odors would overpower the “putrid miasma,” or bad air, that was thought to cause the disease.
Who cured yellow fever?
In 1951, Max Theiler of the Rockefeller Foundation received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever—a discovery first reported in the JEM 70 years ago. This was the first, and so far the only, Nobel Prize given for the development of a virus vaccine.
How did the yellow fever end in 1793?
The mortality rate peaked in October before frost finally killed the mosquitoes and brought an end to the outbreak. Doctors tried a variety of treatments but knew neither the origin of the fever nor that the disease was transmitted by mosquitoes (this information was not verified until the late 19th century).
How was yellow fever treated during the Panama Canal?
In total, 120 tons of pyrethrum insecticide powder along with 300 tons of sulphur and 600,000 gallons of oil were deployed in mass fumigations across urban and field locations. However, Gorgas did it. New cases of Yellow Fever plummeted to single figures by the end of the programme's first year.
Who owned Bush Hill?
William Hamilton, the owner of Bush Hill, received $2,000 for the use of his property during the 1793 epidemic and as rent for the ensuing 1.5 years in the event that Philadelphia should experience a similar need during that period. The estate was used as a yellow fever hospital again in 1797.
How many acres is Bush Hill?
Bush Hill was a 140-acre parcel of land that originally was part of the much larger Springettsbury estate belonging to the Penn family. Bush Hill extended east-west from the present-day 12th Street to 19th Street and north-south from Fairmount Avenue to Vine Street.
What happened to the Bush Hill Manor?
The house and nearby property served as a tavern and a resort during the earliest part of the 19th century. In 1808, a fire destroyed much of the house but spared many of the walls. The following year, the Bush Hill Iron Works factory was erected in the gardens of the old manor house. In 1820, Macauley’s oil cloth factory was erected at the site of the recently rebuilt manor house. In 1875, all buildings in the immediate vicinity of the original manor house were leveled to make way for real estate development. 9 Subsequent occupants of the property at or adjacent to Bush Hill manor included the Baldwin Locomotive Works in the 1890s, the Third Philadelphia Mint erected in 1901 and the Community College of Philadelphia since 1973.
How many people died in the hospital on September 23?
On September 23, there were 140 patients. The mortality rate at the hospital was approximately 50 percent, with most patients dying within the first two days of admission, a phenomenon likely explained by the advanced stage of disease of most patients at that time.
Did Bush Hill have yellow fever?
Some aspects of the yellow fever period at Bush Hill had a humorous side. Having personally seen thousands of cases of yellow fever, Benjamin Rush noted that convalescence was sometimes accompanied “by a sudden revival of the venereal appetite.” 8 Apparently, not all of the moans and groans emanating from outdoor tents set up for the hospital’s convalescents were occasioned by the disease itself.
Who were the doctors at Bush Hill Hospital?
Located two miles from the center of Philadelphia near what is now 18th and Spring Garden streets, the hospital was initially staffed by several nurses and four visiting doctors: Philip Physick, Michael Leib, Isaac Cathrall and William Annan.
Did Girard and Helm take over Bush Hill?
The hospital’s reputation improved once Girard and Helm took over as managers. By the end of September, citizens with yellow fever (or sometimes, any fever-related illness) were so desirous of admission to the hospital at Bush Hill that a note from a patient’s treating physician attesting to the diagnosis of yellow fever was eventually required for admission.
What was Bush Hill in 1793?
Bush Hill manor was rented to John and Abigail Adams from 1790 to 1791. It was unoccupied when the city of Philadelphia appropriated it for use as a yellow fever hospital in 1793.
Where did George Washington go during the yellow fever?
In 1793, the Yellow Fever Epidemic struck hard in the capitol of Philadelphia. In November of that year, Washington and his cabinet removed to Germantown, which became the capitol until the epidemic was over. Washington stayed in the house of Colonel Franks, which became the Germantown White House.
What are the themes of Fever 1793?
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Fever 1793, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Freedom and Independence. Mothers, Daughters, and Familial Love. Disaster and Human Nature. Ingenuity, Ambition, and Survival. Summary.
Is Bush Hill a proper hospital?
Previously rumored to be “one step away from Hell,” filled with criminals, now Bush Hill has been transformed by Mr. Stephen Girard into “a right proper hospital,” and all the “scoundrels” have been driven off. Mattie can’t rest until she can make sense of her circumstances—an aspect of her independent personality.
Who took charge of Bush Hill?
French financier Stephen Girard took charge of Bush Hill during the epidemic, staffing it with a number of his countrymen, spending much of his vast fortune on its provisioning and maintenance, and keeping meticulous records of the sick and dead. Patients there were cared for by physician Jean Devèze via the “French treatment,” which involved making sure everything was very clean and drinking lots of lemonade and wine. While the city’s sick at first were loath to be sent to the Bush Hill “lazaretto,” by the tail end of the epidemic it was so popular that potential patients were required to prove they had yellow fever.
What city was the capital of the United States in 1793?
The summer of 1793 was unusually dry and hot in Philadelphia. The city founded by William Penn — the largest in the nation, with some 50,000 residents — was still the capital of the United States, pending completion of the new city of Washington being built to the south.
Who built the amphitheater at 12th and Market?
A rush of paupers with the fever impelled the city’s “Overseers and Guardians of the Poor” to requisition for their housing an enclosed amphitheater at 12th and Market that had just been built by famed Scottish equestrian John Bill Ricketts to house his circus. When nearby homeowners threatened to burn the place down because of the “repulsive sick” it contained, the Guardians commandeered the vacant Bush Hill estate north of Vine Street, built by prototypical Philadelphia lawyer Andrew Hamilton, for a hospital.
