Treaty of Fort Jackson
- Surrender the prophets (leaders) of the Red Sticks
- The US would have free navigation of the waterways in the Creek areas
- The US would have the right to build roads in the Creek areas
- The US would control all trade in the Creek areas
- The US could build military and trading centers in the Creek areas
What was the name of the Treaty of Fort Jackson?
The Treaty of Fort Jackson (also known as the Treaty with the Creeks , 1814) was signed on August 9, 1814 at Fort Jackson near Wetumpka, Alabama following the defeat of the Red Stick (Upper Creek) resistance by United States allied forces at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. It occurred on the banks of the Tallapoosa River near the present city of Alexander City, Alabama. The U.S. force, led by General Andrew Jackson, consisted mainly of the West Tennessee Militia and 39th United States Infantry, allied with several groups of Cherokee and Lower Creek friendly to the American side. The Upper Creek were led by Chief Menawa, who fled with hundreds of survivors into Florida, where they allied with the Seminole. The surrender ended the Creek War, which the United States was fighting simultaneously with the War of 1812 .
Where did the Cherokee Nation start?
Beginn at a point on the eastern bank of the Coosa river, where the south boundary line of the Cherokee nation crosses the same; running from thence down the said Coosa river with its eastern bank according to its various meanders to a point one mile above the mouth of Cedar creek, at Fort Williams, thence east two miles, thence south two miles, thence west to the eastern bank of the said Coosa river, thence down the eastern bank thereof according to its various meanders to a point opposite the upper end of the great falls, (called by the natives Woetumka,) thence east from a true meridian line to a point due north of the mouth of Ofucshee, thence south by a like meridian line to the mouth of Ofucshee on the south side of the Tallapoosa river, thence up the same, according to its various meanders, to a point where a direct course will cross the same at the distance of ten miles from the mouth thereof, thence a direct line to the mouth of Summochico creek, which empties into the Chatahouchie river on the east side thereof below the Eufaulau town, thence east from a true meridian line to a point which shall intersect the line now dividing the lands claimed by the said Creek nation from those claimed and owned by the state of Georgia: Provided, nevertheless, that where any possession of any chief or warrior of the Creek nation, who shall have been friendly to the United States during the war and taken an active part therein, shall be within the territory ceded by these articles to the United States, every such person shall be entitled to a reservation of land within the said territory of one mile square, to include his improvements as near the centre thereof as may be, which shall inure to the said chief or warrior, and his descendants, so long as he or they shall continue to occupy the same, who shall be protected by and subject to the laws of the United States; but upon the voluntary abandonment thereof, by such possessor or his descendants, the right of occupancy or possession of said lands shall devolve to the United States, and be identified with the right of property ceded hereby.
What did the United States demand for the Creek Nation?
1st—The United States demand an equivalent for all expenses incurred in prosecuting the war to its termination, by a cession of all the territory belonging to the Creek nation within the territories of the United States, lying west, south, and south-eastwardly, of a line to be run and described by persons duly authorized and appointed by the President of the United States:
What was the unprovoked, inhuman, and sanguinary war, waged by the hostile Creeks against?
WHEREAS an unprovoked, inhuman, and sanguinary war, waged by the hostile Creeks against the United States, hath been repelled, prosecuted and determined, successfully, on the part of the said States, in conformity with principles of national justice and honorable warfare—And whereas consideration is due to the rectitude of proceeding dictated by instructions relating to the re-establishment of peace: Be it remembered, that prior to the conquest of that part of the Creek nation hostile to the United States , numberless aggressions had been committed against the peace, the property, and the lives of citizens of the United States , and those of the Creek nation in amity with her, at the mouth of Duck river, Fort Mimms, and elsewhere, contrary to national faith, and the regard due to an article of the treaty concluded at New-York, in the year seventeen hundred ninety, between the two nations: That the United States, previously to the perpetration of such outrages, did, in order to ensure future amity and concord between the Creek nation and the said states, in conformity with the stipulations of former treaties, fulfill, with punctuality and good faith, her engagements to the said nation: that more than two-thirds of the whole number of chiefs and warriors of the Creek nation, disregarding the genuine spirit of existing treaties, suffered themselves to be instigated to violations of their national honor, and the respect due to a part of their own nation faithful to the United States and the principles of humanity, by impostures [impostors,] denominating themselves Prophets, and by the duplicity and misrepresentation of foreign emissaries, whose governments are at war, open or understood, with the United States. Wherefore,
What was Jackson's victory in the Battle of New Orleans?
This definitive victory freed Jackson to continue southwest to Louisiana, where he defeated the British forces at the Battle of New Orleans. His victories against Native American forces and then his decisive victory at New Orleans won Jackson an enormous amount of popular support, creating a public image that would contribute to his success in the 1828 presidential election .
Which nation will guarantee the integrity of all their territory eastwardly and northwardly of the said line to be run?
2nd—The United States will guarantee to the Creek nation, the integrity of all their territory eastwardly and northwardly of the said line to be run and described as mentioned in the first article.
Who is Timpoeechee Barnard?
Timpoeechee Barnard, Captain of Uchees, his x mark, [L. S.]
What was the Treaty of Fort Jackson?
Treaty of Fort JacksonThe Treaty of Fort Jackson, or more properly the Treaty with the Creeks, 1814, was signed on August 9, 1814, and concluded the Creek War of 1813-1814between the Red Stick faction of the Upper Creeksand the United States. The agreement was notable for forcing the Creeks to cede more than 21 million acres ...
What was the purpose of the land-cession requirement?
The land-cession requirement would have the most far-reaching and devastating effect on the Creeks in Alabama. As historians have noted, it was designed to pay for the war but also separate the Creeks remaining in present-day east-central Alabama from other Indian nations, from the Red Sticks in Florida, from the Spanish, and particularly from the British, with whom the United States was still at war. It also was intended to take away prime hunting grounds, thus pushing the Creeks toward farming and raising livestock and to secure the Old Federal Road leading to Mobile for military purposes. Although Jackson had considerable public support to impose the treaty, given the country's intense desire to avenge Fort Mims, Hawkins believed it too harsh, taking nearly eight million acres from allied Indians. He was able to file for land claims on behalf of Lower Creeks who opposed the Red Sticks, resulting in 30 allotments.
Why was Jackson called the Sharp Knife?
Jackson thus earned the nickname "Sharp Knife" from the Creek negotiators , who included Lower Creek leader William McIntosh Jr. and Yuchi chief Timpoochee Barnard.
How many creeks signed the Treaty of Alabama?
However, seeing little alternative but to sign or continue fighting, approximately 36 Creeks, including one reported Red Stick leader, signed the treaty. The land-cession requirement would have the most far-reaching and devastating effect on the Creeks in Alabama.
Where was Fort Toulouse named after Jackson?
In mid-April, Jackson and his forces arrived at the site of the former Fort Toulouse and erected a stockade fort that was named in his honor (now Fort Toulouse-Fort Jackson National Historic Park) near present-day Wetumpka. In early July, he ordered Hawkins to have the Creek chiefs meet with him on August 1. Sometime prior to the peace talks, Red Stick leader William Weatherford learned of Jackson's order for his arrest and instead turned himself in to Jackson, who chastised the Creek leader for his role in the Fort Mims massacre. Weatherford, for his part, eloquently renounced further hostilities and sought food and clothing for the many Creeks displaced by the war and whose desperate condition was noted by officials at Fort Jackson.
What was the Treaty of Ghent?
The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain and was signed December 24. Article IX, however, required the United States to restore to British-allied Indian nations any property, rights, or privileges that stood prior to 1811 and prior to hostilities.
Who edited the Creek War?
Halbert, Henry S., and Timothy H. Ball. The Creek War of 1813 and 1814. Edited by Frank L. Owsley Jr. 1895. Reprint, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1995.
