colonnade, row of columns generally supporting an entablature (row of horizontal moldings), used either as an independent feature (e.g., a covered walkway) or as part of a building (e.g., a porch or portico). The earliest colonnades appear in the temple architecture of antiquity, numerous examples of which survive in Greece and Rome.
What is an ancient colonnade?
An ancient colonnade refers to an architectural feature from ancient Greece or Rome of a long row of columns. The combined innovations, designs, and engineering feats of these two cultures is called classical architecture, and forms the basis of Euro-American architectural styles.
What is a column pair colonnade?
Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.
Why was the colonnade so important to the Renaissance?
After the fall of Rome, the colonnade reappeared as a major design feature around 1300 AD, in a period called the Renaissance. Renaissance artists and intellectuals were obsessed with the idea that ancient Greece and Rome were the origins of European civilization and culture.
Who designed the first colonnade?
Colonnades were much employed in the Baroque and Neoclassical periods, notably in St. Peter’s in Rome, which was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and completed in 1667. Ruins of the colonnade of the forum at the ancient city of Gerasa, modern Jarash, Jordan. This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Lewis.
What is a Roman colonnade?
A colonnade is a row of tall columns that support a building or a roof. You might see a colonnade at the front of a museum. Ancient Greek and Roman buildings were often designed with a colonnade supporting them, and classically designed buildings still sometimes include a colonnade.
What was a colonnade screen?
A colonnade of single columns is often termed a screen. When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta), it is called a portico, when enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the Pantheon in Rome or the stoae of Ancient Greece.
What does a colonnade look like?
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open.
What is a covered colonnade called?
stoa, plural Stoae, in Greek architecture, a freestanding colonnade or covered walkway; also, a long open building, its roof supported by one or more rows of columns parallel to the rear wall. The Stoa of Attalus at Athens is a prime example. Stoa of Attalus.
When was the colonnade made?
The use of colonnades dates back to Ancient Greece and Roman architecture where they were used for large public buildings to border open spaces, such as temples and marketplaces.
What is a colonnade in the Bible?
Solomon's Porch, Portico or Colonnade (στοα του Σολομωντος; John 10:23; Acts 3:11; 5:12), was a colonnade or cloister, located on the eastern side of the Temple's Outer Court (Women's Court) in Jerusalem, named after Solomon, King of Israel, and not to be confused with the Royal Stoa, which was on the southern side of ...
Where did colonnades come from?
Colonnades first came to be in ancient Greece around the year 690 BCE with the construction of the Temple of Isthmia. Rome was next to follow suit and began to incorporate columns into their buildings around the same time frame.
What's a covered walkway called?
A colonnade is often used to describe a type of covered walkway, but so is an arcade, and loggia is another word that describes something very similar.
How many columns are in a colonnade?
In each line of the colonnade there were 16, 18, or perhaps as many as 20 columns. Originally the colonnades were thought to be only double, but in 1996, a third stylobate was uncovered.
What is a four letter word for a covered walkway?
COVERED WALKWAY Crossword ClueAnswerLettersCOVERED walkway with 4 LettersSTOA4CLAD4PATH440 more rows
What is the difference between a portico and a colonnade?
A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cultures, including most Western cultures.
What is the design at the top of a column called?
In architecture the capital (from the Latin caput, or "head") or chapiter forms the topmost member of a column (or a pilaster). It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface.
What is an entablature in architecture?
entablature, in architecture, assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by and located immediately above the columns of Classical buildings or similar structural supports in non-Classical buildings.
What's entablature mean?
Definition of entablature : a horizontal part in classical architecture that rests on the columns and consists of architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Who is peristyle?
The Historical Usage of Peristyles Prior to the Greeks, peristyles were a common element of Egyptian public and religious structures. While their Greek origins began with use in temples, the four-sided peristyle soon gained popularity as a feature for private homes as well.
Where are colonnades used?
As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the Harvard Stadium in Boston, where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a colonnade.
What is a colonnade?
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved.
What is the colonnade called when the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow?
When the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's Cathedral and the east front of the Louvre.
What is the longest colonnade in the United States?
The longest colonnade in the United States, with 36 Corinthian columns, is the New York State Education Building in Albany, New York. Exist also many modern colonnades, often composed from mushroom slabs sekvences.
What is a colonnade in architecture?
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open.
What is the name of the space in front of a building, screening the door?
Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space. When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta ), it is called a portico, when enclosing an open court, a peristyle.
Where is the colonnade of Amenhotep III?
The ancient world. The colonnade of Amenhotep III at the Luxor temple. The Stoa of Attalos in the reconstructed Ancient Agora of Athens. The Great Colonnade at Palmyra, Syria. Baalbeck, Lebanon.
What is the colonnade?
A colonnade is a series of columns joined by the same entablature. A column is a vertical support to carry the weight of the ceiling. A column is divided into three sections from bottom to top: the base, the shaft, and the capital. The entablature is the structure that lays horizontally on top of the capitals of the columns. The entablature also consists of three parts. The architrave is the layer of stones directly above the capitals, the frieze is the often decorated strip above that, and the cornice is the protruding strip on top that supports the triangular roof piece called the pediment. Together, the columns and entablature form a post and lintel, a system of structural support that disperses weight horizontally and compresses it through the columns. Ancient builders used this to create open spaces that allowed more people and natural light to pass through, as opposed to a solid wall.
What is a colonnade in a building called?
Colonnades are defined by their position in a structure. When the colonnade is in front of the main entrance, it is called a portico. A common feature of many classical buildings was multiple rows of colonnades to create a deep portico. When the colonnade encloses an open courtyard, it is called a peristyle.
What is the colonnade in Greek architecture?
There are three orders of classical Greek architecture, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each defined by the style of column and entablature. The most famous example of the Greek colonnade is in the Parthenon, a massive temple built in 447 BC by the Athenian Empire that had an exterior colonnade of 46, 34-foot tall, columns.
What were the Roman columns used for?
In ancient Rome, Greek-style columns and colonnades were used to support and decorate temples, palaces, government buildings, and public courtyards. The Romans loved columns, and added their own architectural innovations to make columns stronger supports. The first innovation was concrete. The Greeks used stone, mostly marble, to build temples. The Romans were the first to use concrete as a building material, which is not only cheaper than stone but can be poured into any shape or space. Roman colonnades were occasionally made of concrete, and sometimes included arched colonnades, defined by using arches between columns in the entablature. Arches displaced weight more evenly and made stronger structures, meaning Romans could build even larger structures.
What is the colonnade border?
Curiosity. The colonnade marks the border between Italy and the Vatican: a strip of travertine on the ground joins the two ends of the colonnade. Together with the professional workers there were also penitent volunteers who offered their labour for expiation of their sins.
How long did it take to build the Roman colonnade?
It was a titanic undertaking. It took eleven years to build (1656-1667) using 44,000 cubic metres of travertine stone and hundreds of workers.
What did the Pope do in 12 years?
In 12 years the pope commissioned the colonnade of San Pietro, the bronze throne of Saint Peter and the Scala Regia in the Vatican; he reworked the squares of the both the Pantheon and Minerva, in which the famous elephant obelisk was erected, and restored the Pyramid of Caius Cestius. Bernini and Alexander VII celebrated the Catholic Church: ...
What is the most sober example of the Roman Baroque style?
It is this tribute to classic architecture that makes the colonnade the most sober example of the Roman Baroque creations.
How many columns are there in the Doric colonnade?
The Doric colonnade has 284 16-meter high columns, arranged in four rows to create 3 parallel lanes, the central lanes can be driven down with two pedestrian ones flanking them.
What is the name of the stone disks on the floor of the obelisk?
Between the obelisk and the fountains there are two stone disks on the floor with the words "centro del colonnato" - "centre of the colonnade". These are the two focal points of the ellipse, or ‘foci’, and those who stand upon them can see the four rows of columns line up perfectly, making them seem like just one column.
What did Bernini and Alexander VII celebrate?
Bernini and Alexander VII celebrated the Catholic Church: the colonnade would never have existed without the exuberant baroque aesthetic, designed to convey devotion and emotional involvement to those who contemplate it.
What is a colonnade in a house?
Colonnades are the built-ins most likely to be missing or damaged in an old Arts & Crafts interior. (That’s true also of breakfast nooks, which often have been converted to powder rooms, or obliterated during kitchen expansions). If there is no colonnade in a house ca. 1900–1929 where the entry door opens directly into a long, graceless living room without a proper foyer, that’s a telltale sign a colonnade may have been ripped out. Damage or patches in the wood flooring near the midpoint of a room point to the same conclusion.
What was used to clean the colonnade?
An original colonnade with bookcases and built-in benches was intact, but so filthy it had to be cleaned with a combination of steel wool, Butcher’s wax, and elbow grease.
How to tell if a colonnade is gone?
Even if the colonnade is long gone, look for ghosting. Areas of replaced flooring, a change of color in the trim, even depressions in finish coats of varnish on the floor may indicate the size and width of the colonnade’s base. Check overhead, too, for evidence: a flat casing that runs along the ceiling from wall to wall is usually a dead giveaway that it once headed a millwork colonnade.
