What were 3 causes of the French and Indian War quizlet?
- Cause #1. Britain/French both thought they claimed Ohio territory. …
- Cause #2. The French destroyed English forts.
- Cause #3. English colonists broke up the French and Indian trade.
- Effect #1. England became in debt so they put taxes on colonists.
- Effect #2. They began forcing Navigation Acts.
- Effect #3.
What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War?
Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War Causes of the conflict between the French and the English colonies English colonists ran out of land, they want to move West. War costs a lot of money. The country must pay for soldiers, supplies, weapons, etc The British make new taxes that the colonists have to pay in order to pay off the war debt.
Who started the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War, which took place between 1754-1763, began due to a conflict between England and France over control of the Ohio River Valley. Both sides wanted the valley so they could expand their settlements into the area. The bigger issue looming over this conflict though was control…
Why did French and Indian War begin?
French and Indian War
- Causes of the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War began over the specific issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British ...
- Initial hostilities. ...
- Early French successes. ...
What is the history of the French and Indian War?
on History of the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War, which took place between 1754-1763, was a conflict between Great Britain and France over control of the Ohio River Valley. The French and Indian War later became a global war when it spread to Europe in 1756 and nearly every European great power at the time joined in, which resulted in the Seven Years War (1756-1763.)
What was the French Indian War?
The French and Indian War, the North American phase of the larger Seven Years’ War, began after a series of incidents in the upper Ohio River valley. The French and British governments both claimed it as their territory. Military forces assembled by both imperial powers built forts in the region and attempted to capture each others’ forts. These skirmishes, which included an expedition led by George Washington, ultimately led to the escalation of a broader, full-scale war between Great Britain and France.
Why did the French and Indian War escalate the Seven Years War?
Not only was he was forced to surrender to the French and allied Indian troops, but his actions also encouraged the British to escalate these minor skirmishes with France into an outright war that would eventually migrate to Europe.
What was George Washington's role in the French and Indian War?
Afterward, the wounded French leader, Ensign Joseph de Jumonville, attempted to explain through translators that the French expedition was on a peaceful mission to warn British forces about their incursions of French-claimed territory. Although accounts of the incident differ, it seems that Tanaghrisson, who bore an intense personal hatred of the French stemming from earlier war experiences, intervened in the negotiations and killed Jumonville. Expecting further French incursions, Washington then hastily constructed a fort and prepared to defend his forces, but a combined French and Indian force forced his surrender on July 3.
Why did the British Deport French Colonists from Acadia during The Great Upheaval?
By 1755, the uneasy truce between the British ruling authorities and the French colonists living in Acadia was shattered. The French colonists began moving to Acadia (modern-day Nova Scotia) in 1604, and it remained in French hands until the signing of The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The treaty handed Acadia over to Great Britain. Despite the shift, the French colonists remained in Acadia. Despite handing over Acadia to the British, starting the 1830s, tensions between France and Britain begin to rise slowly. Both France and Britain begin building forts in the regions surrounding Acadia.
Why did the British attack Fort Le Boeuf?
Since the colony of Virginia also claimed this region, Virginian lieutenant governor Robert Dinwiddie sent Major George Washington with a small expedition to remove the French forts in late 1753. Washington arrived at Fort Le Boeuf, about 15 miles inland from present-day Erie, Pennsylvania, and delivered his message. The fort, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, received Washington and his men courteously but denied the validity of English claims to the contested region.
What was the impact of the French Acadians on the British colony?
By 1755, British Governor Charles Lawrence decided that the French Acadians represented a significant risk to the British colony. After the French colonists refused to pledge an oath to Britain, Lawrence decided to deport the colonists from the territory. Lawrence seized all of the colonists' property, burned their crops, and forced the colonists at the point of bayonets to board ships bound for the southern British colonies. In the first wave of deportations, over 1,000 Acadians were deported. This forced exodus continued until 1763. Bu 1763, over 10,000 Acadians were forcibly deported by the British. Thousands of the Acadians died during this deportation.
Why did Newcastle change the plan of the war?
Other political leaders wanted a bigger war, and so they publicly announced Newcastle’s plans and changed the original plan so that Braddock would command more forces and order the fractious North American colonies to provide additional support against the French. Once the plans had been publicly announced, the French government moved quickly to dispatch reinforcements to North America and further pursued negotiations to diplomatically isolate the British government by winning over its traditional European allies. Once military forces were underway, the war was inevitable.
What did the French do to control the Great Lakes?
Lawrence down to the Mississippi Delta, the French built a string of outposts and forts from the western Great Lakes down to the Gulf of Mexico.
What was the situation in North America during the King George's War?
Known as King George's War in the North American colonies, the conflict had seen colonial troops mount a daring and successful attempt to capture the French fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.
How many French soldiers were killed in the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
In the resulting Battle of Jumonville Glen, Washington's men killed 10 French soldiers and captured 21, including their commander Ensign Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville. After the battle, as Washington was interrogating Jumonville, Tanaghrisson walked up and struck the French officer in the head killing him.
What was the outcome of the War of the Austrian Succession?
In 1748, the War of the Austrian Succession came to a conclusion with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. During the course of the eight-year conflict, France, Prussia, and Spain had squared off against Austria, Britain, Russia, and the Low Countries. When the treaty was signed, many of the underlying issues of the conflict remained unresolved ...
Which tribes were part of the Iroquois Confederacy?
Initially consisting of the Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, and Cayuga, the group later became the Six Nations with the addition of the Tuscarora.
Where was the French line in the Appalachian Mountains?
The location of this line left a wide area between the French garrisons and the crest of the Appalachian Mountains to the east. This territory, largely drained by the Ohio River, was claimed by the French but was increasingly filling with British settlers as they pushed over the mountains.
Who was the French governor of New France?
In an effort to assert their control over the Ohio Country, the governor of New France, the Marquis de La Galissonière, dispatched Captain Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville in 1749 to restore and mark the border.
What was the French and Indian War?
French and Indian War, American phase of a worldwide nine years’ war (1754–63) fought between France and Great Britain. (The more-complex European phase was the Seven Years’ War [1756–63].) It determined control of the vast colonial territory of North America.
Why was the conflict between the two colonies inevitable?
A conflict between the two colonial powers over their rival North American claims was doubtless inevitable, but because their areas of trade exploitation were widely separated, that conflict might have been delayed for many years had not the governor-general of New France forced the issue .
Why did the French drive out English traders and build forts on the headwaters of the Allegheny?
When news reached Williamsburg, the colonial capital, that the French were driving out English traders and building forts on the headwaters of the Allegheny in order to consolidate their positions , Lieut. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie determined to act.
What was the Treaty of Paris?
According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris signed on February 10, 1763, France was to cede Canada to Great Britain and to relinquish all claims to the lands lying east of the Mississippi River, outside the environs of New Orleans.
Which colony claimed the upper Ohio?
The government of Virginia took the position that the lands of the upper Ohio were clearly included in the colony’s 1609 charter. It argued that this grant gave Virginia a claim to the western lands that was more valid than New France’s claim, which was based upon La Salle’s much later journey down the Mississippi.
Who was the British commander who marched on Fort Duquesne?
Braddock, Edward: march on Fort Duquesne. British commander Edward Braddock and his troops preparing to march on the French-held Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) during the French and Indian War. MPI/Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Top Questions.
Who claimed the Mississippi Valley?
In conflict with this was France’s claim to the whole of the Mississippi valley, including the Ohio Valley, based upon the explorations of René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de la Salle.
What was the French and Indian War?
French and Indian War. This article is about the conflict from 1754 to 1763. For the series of conflicts between 1688 and 1763, see French and Indian Wars. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country ...
Which war pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France?
India. Spanish Main. Banda Oriental & Río Grande do Sul. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by Native American allies.
What tribes did the French colonists recruit?
When war broke out, the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region, which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British; these included the Hurons, Mississaugas, Ojibwas, Winnebagos, and Potawatomi .
What wars were named after the British?
There had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War. This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although Indians fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Years' War overseas, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War overseas, but most residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts—only one of which involved the American colonies, and American historians generally use the traditional name. Less frequently used names for the war include the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire.
What wars were between 1688 and 1763?
For the series of conflicts between 1688 and 1763, see French and Indian Wars. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population ...
Why did the Governor of New France send an expedition to the Ohio Country in 1749?
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière, the Governor of New France sent an expedition in 1749 into the Ohio Country in an attempt to assert French sovereignty. to reaffirm to New France's Indian allies that their trading arrangements with colonists were exclusive to those authorized by New France.
How many Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie?
The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia, and Indian allies outside the fort which the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe. Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg.
What were the causes of the French and Indian War?
The main cause of the French and Indian War was from frontier tensions. Both French and British colonists wanted to expand its country and its influence on other territories. The French colonists controlled most of upstate New York and other parts of Pennsylvania, while Great Britain controlled the 13 colonies. The border between the French and British was not well described and they both thought they owned the Ohio country. Both European countries wanted this territory because of the strategic advantages, for trading, and for a new settlement. They both tried to claim the land by arguing that it belonged to their Native American tribes and eventually the French constructed forts all around this territory to try to strengthen and assert their ownership of the land. The British forces attempted to remove the French but they were outnumbered and eventually conquered. The British tried to strike back once again but, their plans became public which notified the French and eventually started the entire war. The War deeply impacted the British Empire. It greatly expanded the British territory, but in return it expanded Britain’s debt. The British leaders believed that the military and financial help they got from the colonists was not enough and made many of the leaders reorganize the colonies and the way they handle things. The colonists were not satisfied with their share of the British’s earnings and this even eventually led to the American Revolution. The Iroquois Indians that
Why did the French and Indians fight?
This war was fought between the colonies of New France, British America, with the Indians helping out the French . Both colonies also had the support from their mother country. The main cause for this conflict was that both colonies wanted to have claims in North America and have better trade with the Native Americans. These two colonies wanted to have more land than the other. The fought because they wanted
What was the cause of the American Revolution?
Victory. Freedom. A war that would determine the fate of a new nation. A nation that we call home. The American Revolution, America’s separation from Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris brought forth the freedom that has become part of the America dream, ending the war in 1783 and officially declaring the colonies free. No one event can be pinpointed as the official and actual cause of the war. It began as a major disagreement over how the colonies were being treated and how they
What was the cause of the war of 1812?
trade gave rise to the war of 1812. The European war between France and Britain made United States try to maintain its sovereignty and neutrality. The French and the British were using economic strangulation in defeating each other. In 1803, Britain barricaded the French possessions in Europe. The American ships always sailed by the American ports in evading the British trade prohibition between France and its colonies.2 the trade restrictions made the United States to wage war against the British to
How did the French and Indian War affect the American colonies?
The French and Indian War altered greatly altered the political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies. In terms of politics, England suddenly began to get too involved in the well-being of the colonies and soon started to tax them heavily and impose new, unjust laws. Not only did these laws and taxes weaken the political relations amongst the two nations but they also weakened the economic relations as well. In terms of ideological relations, all the strife
What was the purpose of the Proclamation of the Appalachian Mountains?
The main purpose of what the proclamation did was it was a boundary so all settlements are forbidden and they can’t go past the line drawn along the Appalachian mountains. The people had expected that the Proclamation would prevent clashes by forbidding colonists to move onto Indian lands until cessions had been negotiated
What was the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War: A Summary. British Victory in Canada. The Treaty of Paris Ends the War. Impact of the Seven Years’ War on the American Revolution. Also known as the Seven Years’ War, this New World conflict marked another chapter in the long imperial struggle between Britain and France. When France’s expansion into ...
How long did the French and Indian war last?
The French and Indian War: A Summary. The Seven Years’ War (called the French and Indian War in the colonies) lasted from 1756 to 1763, forming a chapter in the imperial struggle between Britain and France called the Second Hundred Years’ War. In the early 1750s, France’s expansion into the Ohio River valley repeatedly brought it ...
What river did the French build in 1754?
In 1754, the French built Fort Duquesne where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers joined to form the Ohio River (in today’s Pittsburgh), making it a strategically important stronghold that the British repeatedly attacked.
What was the British military effort hampered by?
Throughout this period, the British military effort was hampered by lack of interest at home, rivalries among the American colonies, and France’s greater success in winning the support of the Indians. In 1756 the British formally declared war (marking the official beginning of the Seven Years’ War), but their new commander in America, Lord Loudoun, ...
Why did the tide turn in 1757?
The tide turned in 1757 because William Pitt, the new British leader, saw the colonial conflicts as the key to building a vast British empire. Borrowing heavily to finance the war, he paid Prussia to fight in Europe and reimbursed the colonies for raising troops in North America. READ MORE: How 22-Year-Old George Washington Inadvertently Sparked ...
What happened to France in 1760?
With the fall of Montreal in September 1760, the French lost their last foothold in Canada. Soon, Spain joined France against England, and for the rest of the war Britain concentrated on seizing French and Spanish territories in other parts of the world.
What was the cause of the British declaration of war in 1756?
When France’s expansion into the Ohio River valley brought repeated conflict with the claims of the British colonies, a series of battles led to the official British declaration of war in 1756. Boosted by the financing of future Prime Minister William Pitt, the British turned the tide with victories at Louisbourg, ...
What Triggered The French and Indian War?
- At the same time, the European colonial governments tried to find ways to coexist with North America's original inhabitants, often making alliances with some tribes while alienating others. Sometimes, as in the French and Indian War (which in Europe was referred to as the Seven Years’ War), European politics regarding balances of power resulted in ...
What Was George Washington's Role in The French and Indian War?
- Further south, George Washington, accompanied by Tanaghrisson, surprised an encampment of French soldiers in southwestern Pennsylvania on May 24, 1754. A brief fight ensued. Afterward, the wounded French leader, Ensign Joseph de Jumonville, attempted to explain through translators that the French expedition was on a peaceful mission to warn British forces about the…
Why Did The French and Indian War Escalate The Seven Years War?
- British expeditions that sought to challenge French forts in the western frontier spiraled out of control. Instead of intimidating the French, Washington's expedition ended in disaster. Not only was he was forced to surrender to the French and allied Indian troops, but his actions also encouraged the British to escalate these minor skirmishes with France into an outright war that …
The Situation in North America
The French Stake Their Claim
- In an effort to assert their control over the Ohio Country, the governor of New France, the Marquis de La Galissonière, dispatched Captain Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville in 1749 to restore and mark the border. Departing Montreal, his expedition of around 270 men moved through present-day western New York and Pennsylvania. As it progressed, he ...
The British Response
- As Marin was constructing his outposts, the lieutenant governor of Virginia, Robert Dinwiddie, became increasingly concerned. Lobbying for the building of a similar string of forts, he received permission provided that he first assert British rights to the French. To do so, he dispatched young Major George Washingtonon October 31, 1753. Traveling north with Gist, Washington paused a…
The Albany Congress
- While events were unfolding on the frontier, the northern colonies were becoming increasingly concerned about French activities. Gathering in the summer of 1754, representatives from the various British colonies came together in Albany to discuss plans for mutual defense and to renew their agreements with the Iroquois which were known as the Covenant Chain. In the talks, Iroqu…
British Plans For 1755
- Though war with France had not been formally declared, the British government, led by the Duke of Newcastle, made plans for a series of campaigns in 1755 designed to reduce French influence in North America. While Major General Edward Braddock was to lead a large force against Fort Duquesne, Sir William Johnson was to advance up Lakes George and Champlain to capture For…
Braddock's Failure
- Designated the commander-in-chief of British forces in America, Braddock was convinced by Dinwiddie to mount his expedition against Fort Duquesne from Virginia as the resulting military road would benefit the lieutenant governor's business interests. Assembling a force of around 2,400 men, he established his base at Fort Cumberland, MD before pushing north on May 29. A…