What were the economic advantages of cities in medieval Europe?
Returning large amounts of gold and silver coin to the markets of medieval Europe. They saw the economic advantages of having towns in their territory. Italy. Their ability to draw on the wealth of the immediate area around the city.
Was the Agricultural Revolution the foundation of the High Middle Ages?
T/F: The agricultural revolution was the foundation on which the commercial revolution of the High Middle Ages rested. True. T/F: No new political entities arose in Europe as a direct result of the Viking raids of the previous century.
Why were relics so valuable in medieval Europe?
Relics were extremely valuable, as pilgrims were attracted to the places that housed them. The use of an ecclesiastical office for personal gain. College of Cardinals. Taken literally, what did the term "investiture" mean to medieval Christians in the eleventh century?
What was central to the establishment of feudal ties?
Central to the establishment of feudal ties was the: exchange of land for military loyalty or service. During the Investiture Conflict, Pope Gregory VII: excommunicated Henry IV as king of Germany and encouraged all faithful Christians to rebel against his rule.
Who gave the power to elect future popes?
What was the 10th century known for?
What was the water mill used for?
When did the Byzantine Empire expand?
When did social mobility begin in Europe?
Who asked for Western help against the Seljuq Turks?
Who claimed the right to rule their castles?
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Who gave the power to elect future popes?
In 1059, Pope Nicholas II issued a new decree on papal elections, which gave the power to elect future popes to the
What was the 10th century known for?
The 10th century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and
What was the water mill used for?
water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush pulp, and press oil
When did the Byzantine Empire expand?
The expansion of the Byzantine empire during the 10th and early 11th centuries was assisted by
When did social mobility begin in Europe?
Between 1000 and 1300 in western Europe, social mobility
Who asked for Western help against the Seljuq Turks?
When Alexius Comnenus asked for Western help against the Seljuq Turks, he was hoping for a
Who claimed the right to rule their castles?
Ruling from their castles, lords claimed the right to
What was the main source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050?
A major source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050 was the: Water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush paper pulp, and press oil. The medieval economy was based primarily on: Agriculture. In northern Europe, increasing use of the heavy-wheeled plow between 800 and 1050 coincided with:
What was the central idea of feudal monarchies?
Central to the establishment of feudal monarchies was the: Personal relationship between individuals at each level of feudal society. The term "feudal" comes from the Latin "feudum," which refers to: A grant that creates a contractual relationship between a giver and a receiver. At Canossa in the winter of 1077:
What was the result of the Vikings' movement from a two field system to a three field system?
Aside from raising food yields from 50 to 67 percent, the movement from a two-field system to a three-field system resulted in: Higher yields per acre and a more even distribution of labor throughout the year. Although Viking raids often devastated towns, the Vikings also revitalized cities by:
What protection did castles provide?
Castles provided protection for merchants who lived close to the walls.
Why did monasteries and secular lords often support the founding of towns in their territories?
Monasteries and secular lords often supported the founding of towns in their territories because: They saw the economic advantages of having towns in their territory.
Where did the first successful attempt to restore the spiritual authority of the Latin Church take place?
The first successful attempt to restore the spiritual authority of the Latin Church can be traced to the establishment of a new kind of monastery at: Cluny in Burgundy. Theft of relics occurred in the Middle Ages because: Relics were extremely valuable, as pilgrims were attracted to the places that housed them.
Can a serf move?
Serfs were tied to their lord's manorial lands and so could not move.
What were the sectors acquired by burgeoning Italian cities in the Crusader states?from britannica.com
The sectors acquired by burgeoning Italian cities in the Crusader states enabled them to extend their trade with the Muslim world and led to the establishment of trade depots beyond the Crusade frontiers , some of which lasted long after 1291.
Who led the people of Europe in the People's Crusade?from en.wikipedia.org
Immediately after Urban's proclamation, the French priest Peter the Hermit led thousands of mostly poor Christians out of Europe in what became known as the People's Crusade. In transit through Germany, these Crusaders spawned German bands who massacred Jewish communities in what became known as the Rhineland massacres. They were destroyed in 1096 when the main body of Crusaders was annihilated at the battle of Civetot.
What were the causes of the decline of the Crusaders?from en.wikipedia.org
The causes of the decline in crusading and the failure of the crusader states are multi-faceted. Historians have attempted to explain this in terms of Muslim reunification and jihadi enthusiasm but Thomas Asbridge, amongst others, considers this too simplistic. Muslim unity was sporadic and the desire for jihad ephemeral. The nature of crusades was unsuited to the conquest and defence of the Holy Land. Crusaders were on a personal pilgrimage and usually returned when it was completed. Although the philosophy of crusading changed over time, the crusades continued to be conducted by short-lived armies led by independently minded potentates, rather than with centralised leadership. What the crusader states needed were large standing armies. Religious fervour enabled significant feats of military endeavour but proved difficult to direct and control. Succession disputes and dynastic rivalries in Europe, failed harvests and heretical outbreaks, all contributed to reducing Latin Europe's concerns for Jerusalem. Ultimately, even though the fighting was also at the edge of the Islamic world, the huge distances made the mounting of crusades and the maintenance of communications insurmountably difficult. It enabled the Islamic world, under the charismatic leadership of Zengi, Nur al-Din, Saladin, the ruthless Baibars and others, to use the logistical advantages of proximity to victorious effect.
What was the crusade language?from en.wikipedia.org
This led to the French croisade —the way of the cross.
What was the cross used for in the Crusades?from en.wikipedia.org
By the mid 13th century the cross became the major descriptor of the crusades with crux transmarina —"the cross overseas"—used for crusades in the eastern Mediterranean, and crux cismarina —"the cross this side of the sea"—for those in Europe.
How long did the Crusades last?from en.wikipedia.org
The Crusades to the Holy Land are the best known of the religious wars discussed here, beginning in 1095 and lasting some two centuries. Since the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre early in the 11th century, the Holy Land was an increasingly hostile environment for both Christian pilgrims and inhabitants. These crusades began with the fervent desire to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims, and ran through eight major numbered crusades and dozens of minor crusades over two centuries . Larger-than-life nobels such as Richard the Lionheart, Eleanor of Aquitaine and Saladin continue to dominate in popular culture, but lesser-known participants and a multitude of battles provide for a complex history that continues to be relevant today.
Why were the Crusades fought?from en.wikipedia.org
Through the 15th century, other church-sanctioned crusades were fought against heretical Christian sects, against the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, to combat paganism and heresy, and for political reasons. Unsanctioned by the church, Popular Crusades of ordinary citizens were also frequent.
What was the main source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050?
A major source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050 was the: water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush paper pulp, and press oil. Serfs were treated like slaves in parts of medieval Europe with a major exception: serfs could not be sold apart from their historic lands. The rotation of crops:
What was the central idea of feudal monarchies?
Central to the establishment of "feudal" monarchies was the: personal relationship between individuals at each level of feudal society. The new class of lords that arose after 900: claimed descent not from Roman or Carolingian families but Viking warlords like Rollo the Viking.
What was the impact of the Crusades on the Muslim world?
Partly as a result of the Crusades, Europe: learned much from the Islamic world that shaped European civilization in the twelfth century. The Islamic world produced some of the best-known poets in the world, among which is: Umar Khayyam.
What was the 10th century known for?
The tenth century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and: an incompetent and largely corrupt papacy. One of the many reforms undertaken by the Clunaic monasteries was to enforce the monastic vow of celibacy on all priests. Some segments of the Church rejected this reform claiming: church fathers, such as Ambrose, had been married.
Why did castles appear in the landscape?
castles began to appear in the landscape as fortresses to dominate the land.
Who asked for Western help against the Seljuk Turks?
When Alexius Comnenus asked for Western help against the Seljuk Turks, he was hoping for:
What was the main source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050?
A major source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050 was the: A. Water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush paper pulp, and press oil. B. Four-wheeled cart, which was pulled by horse or oxen. C. Steam engine, which was used to produce cloth goods.
Why did the Byzantines invade Charlemagne?
D. Because the Byzantines invaded to punish Charlemagne for accepting the title of emperor
Why was the evolving new chivalry appealing to knights?
A. It helped them differentiate from merchants and clerics, who were competing with them for power and influence in society.
Which empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire?
C. The Byzantine Empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire
Who resigned as Emperor and encouraged the development of regional republics?
B. Diocletian resigned his position as emperor and encouraged the development of regional republics. C. Diocletian divided the empire in half, trusting a junior colleague to rule the western part. D. Diocletian created the Roman Senate to rule the empire, and he retired to Spilt to raise cabbages.
Who divided the Roman Empire in half?
C. Diocletian divided the empire in half, trusting a junior colleague to rule the western part. Realizing that the Roman Empire had become too large for a single ruler to control it: A. Constantine divided the empire in half, trusting a junior colleague to rule the western part.
What was the main source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050?from quizlet.com
A major source of mechanical power in medieval Europe after 1050 was the. water mill, which was used to saw lumber, press oil, and forge iron. After 1046, pope Leo IX promoted reforms of the clergy and the Church by. promulgating decrees against simony and clerical marriage. Among the Crusaders were thousands of women.
Why did medieval towns grow?from quizlet.com
secular clergy should be celibate just as were monks. One reason for the growth of medieval towns was the principal of Stadluft macht frei, or "town air makes you free," which meant. citizens of towns were not under the jurisdiction of a lord. One result from the advent of manors was that in many parts of Europe.
What were the consequences of the advent of manors?from quizlet.com
One result from the advent of manors was that in many parts of Europe. free peasants were reduced to near-slave status as serfs. Partly as a result of the Crusades, Europe. learned much from the Islamic world that shaped European civilization in the twelfth century and bryond.
What was the 10th century known for?from quizlet.com
The tenth century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and
Why did castles appear in the landscape?from quizlet.com
castles began to appear in the landscape as fortresses to dominate the land.
Why did local petty lords build castles?from quizlet.com
local petty lords built castles to protect their smaller territories and followers. Beginning in the eleventh century, climate change favored: agricultural production in northern Europe. Central to the establishment of feudal ties was the: exchange of land for military loyalty or service.
Which empire expanded during the tenth and early eleventh centuries?from quizlet.com
The expansion of the Byzantine Empire during the tenth and early eleventh centuries was assisted by
What is the Middle Ages?from britannica.com
Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century ce to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and other factors).…
What was planted in the fall in the three field system?from britannica.com
In the old two-field systemhalf the land was sown to crop and half left fallow each season; in the three-field system, however, only a third of the land lay fallow. In the autumn one third was planted to wheat, barley, or rye, and in the spring another third of the land was planted to oats, barley, and legumesto be harvested in late summer.
Who gave the power to elect future popes?
In 1059, Pope Nicholas II issued a new decree on papal elections, which gave the power to elect future popes to the
What was the 10th century known for?
The 10th century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and
What was the water mill used for?
water mill, which was used to grind grain, crush pulp, and press oil
When did the Byzantine Empire expand?
The expansion of the Byzantine empire during the 10th and early 11th centuries was assisted by
When did social mobility begin in Europe?
Between 1000 and 1300 in western Europe, social mobility
Who asked for Western help against the Seljuq Turks?
When Alexius Comnenus asked for Western help against the Seljuq Turks, he was hoping for a
Who claimed the right to rule their castles?
Ruling from their castles, lords claimed the right to
