The Russian Civil War suffocated the revolution, destroyed democracy, and cleared the way for Stalinist dictatorship. This was the unintended consequence of the actions of all the belligerents – the Reds, the Whites, and the Great Powers. The consequences of this have ricocheted down the decades to the present day.
What was the outcome of the Russian Civil War?
Russian Civil War (1918–20), conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. The Bolshevik victory ensured the supremacy of the Russian Communists in the nascent Soviet Union.
What was the impact of the Russian Revolution in 1917?
The Russian Civil War tore society apart and destroyed the mass social movement that had carried out the 1917 revolution. This image captures something of the human misery of the social crisis of Civil War era Russia. One little-understood consequence of this was that the Russian Revolution was smashed.
How did World War I affect the Soviet Union?
Although Russia experienced extremely rapid economic growth in the 1930s, the combined effect of World War I and the Civil War left a lasting scar in Russian society, and had permanent effects on the development of the Soviet Union.
What was the Russian Civil War?
... (Show more) Russian Civil War, (1918–20), conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir I. Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies.
What was the outcome of the Russian Civil War in 1922?
The Red Army won the war because it was better-organized, more than united and held the best territory. After the war, the communists established the Soviet Union in 1922. Tsar Nicholas II, the traditional autocratic ruler of the Russian Empire, had just lost his throne in the February Revolution of 1917.
What were 4 effects of the Russian Revolution?
Short Term Consequences Russia turning into a communist country. Farmlands were distributed among farmers. Factories were given to workers. Banks were nationalized, thus a national council ran the country's economy.
What were causes and effects of the Russian Revolution?
Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II—clung to autocracy despite changing times • Poor working conditions, low wages, and hazards of industrialization • New revolutionary movements that believed a worker-run government should replace czarist rule • Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1905), which led to rising ...
What were the effects of the revolution in Russian?
The Russian Revolution ended the dictatorship of the Russian Emperor. With the establishment of a democratic government, the autocratic rule of Tsarist came to an end. It ended the rule of the Romanov dynasty.
What were the negative effects of the Russian Revolution?
One negative effect was the spread of communism around the world that was the reason for World War II. Another negative effect was that 15 million people die after the Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks sweep Russia. After the revolution, people's freedom was lost and people couldn't read, write, or say whatever they want.
What were the 3 main causes of the Russian Revolution?
What are the main causes of the Russian revolution?Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. ... Conditions of Peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. ... Status of Industries: Industry was found in pockets.More items...
What were 3 results of the Russian Revolution?
Consequences of Russian Revolution Distribution of the farmland to the farmers and factories to the workers. Nationalization of the banks and formation of the council at a national level to run the economy. Russia pulls itself out of World War I with the treaty of Brest - Litovsk.
What were the three main changes observed after the October Revolution in Russia?
The main changes which were brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution: Banks and Industries were nationalized. Land was declared social property, thereby allowing peasants to seize it from the nobility. In urban areas, houses were partitioned according to family requirements.
What were the effects of the Russian Revolution quizlet?
Terms in this set (5) Become first communist state. Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Postive reforms - better working conditions, freedom of choice and shorter hours and rights like freedom of speech and unions and peasants kept land from revolt.
What are the 5 effects of revolution?
(a) Due to the revolution, the length of days and nights varies at a place at different times of the year. (b) Revolution causes a change of seasons. (c) It helps in the location of Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn due to the fact that Sun rays fall vertical here. (d) The altitude of the mid-day Sun changes.
What were two results of the Russian Revolution?
Russian Revolution, also called Russian Revolution of 1917, two revolutions in 1917, the first of which, in February (March, New Style), overthrew the imperial government and the second of which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power.
What are the two main effects of revolution?
Two main effects of revolution are the seasonal changes throughout the year and the creation of particular heat zones on temperature zones.
What were the effects of the Russian Revolution on WWI?
Russia was now the first communist country in the world. After the revolution, Russia exited World War I by signing a peace treaty with Germany called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The new government took control of all industry and moved the Russian economy from a rural one to an industrial one.
What were the effects of the Russian Revolution quizlet?
Terms in this set (5) Become first communist state. Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Postive reforms - better working conditions, freedom of choice and shorter hours and rights like freedom of speech and unions and peasants kept land from revolt.
What were the effects of the revolutions?
The Revolution opened new markets and new trade relationships. The Americans' victory also opened the western territories for invasion and settlement, which created new domestic markets. Americans began to create their own manufacturers, no longer content to reply on those in Britain.
What were two results of the Russian Revolution?
Russian Revolution, also called Russian Revolution of 1917, two revolutions in 1917, the first of which, in February (March, New Style), overthrew the imperial government and the second of which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power.
What was the result of the Russian Civil War?
The Russian Civil War suffocated the revolution, destroyed democracy, and cleared the way for Stalinist dictatorship. This was the unintended consequence of the actions of all the belligerents – the Reds, the Whites, and the Great Powers. The consequences of this have ricocheted down the decades to the present day.
What was the consequence of the Russian Revolution?
A mass social movement of workers, soldiers, sailors, and peasants had taken power in October 1917. This ‘people power’ had been organised in mass participatory assemblies (‘soviets’).
What was the purpose of the Bolshevik poster?
A Bolshevik recruitment poster exhorting workers to join the Red Army, 1920. It matched in scale, drama, and significance the American Civil War half a century before. Yet the Russian Civil War, which began a century ago this year, is only dimly remembered.
How many bridges were destroyed in the Russian Civil War?
By the end of the Civil War, this huge social movement was stone dead. The national infrastructure had been devastated: 7,000 bridges, 1,700km of railway line, and 90,000km of telegraph wire had been destroyed. An international blockade had reduced Russian imports from 967 million pounds (a Russian unit of measurement) in 1913 to 0.5 million in 1919, and Russian exports from 1,472 million to 0.0001 million. Industrial production was down to about 15% of its pre-1914 level.
What did the Bolsheviks hope for?
The Bolsheviks hoped that the Red Army advancing from the east would be able to link up with revolutionary movements across Europe.
How many Russians died in the First World War?
Or with the First World War, which claimed the lives of about 3 million Russians, among some 15 million across the world as a whole. Compare these figures with the Russian Civil War, where an estimated 1.5 million combatants died and up to 12 million civilians succumbed to cold, hunger, and disease. This was almost 10% of the population.
How many people died in the Civil War?
The human cost was astronomical. We can compare it with the American Civil War, which killed two-thirds of a million, about 2% of the population, more than in all the other wars in US history combined. Or with the First World War, which claimed the lives of about 3 million Russians, among some 15 million across the world as a whole.
What was the effect of the end of World War I on Russia?
With the end of the war, the Communist Party no longer faced an acute military threat to its existence and power. However, the perceived threat of another intervention, combined with the failure of socialist revolutions in other countries, most notably the German Revolution, contributed to the continued militarization of Soviet society. Although Russia experienced extremely rapid economic growth in the 1930s, the combined effect of World War I and the Civil War left a lasting scar in Russian society, and had permanent effects on the development of the Soviet Union.
How did communism save the Soviet government during the Civil War?
War Communism saved the Soviet government during the Civil War, but much of the Russian economy had ground to a standstill. The peasants responded to requisitions by refusing to till the land. By 1921, cultivated land had shrunk to 62% of the pre-war area, and the harvest yield was only about 37% of normal. The number of horses declined from 35 million in 1916 to 24 million in 1920, and cattle from 58 to 37 million. The exchange rate with the U.S. dollar declined from two rubles in 1914 to 1,200 in 1920.
How many people died in the Polish-Soviet war?
Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis estimated total number of men killed in action in Civil War and Polish-Soviet war as 300,000 (125,000 in the Red Army, 175,500 White armies and Poles) and total number of military personnel died from disease (on both sides) as 450,000.
How many white émigrés fled Russia?
Another one to two million people, known as the White émigrés, fled Russia—many with General Wrangel, some through the Far East, others west into the newly independent Baltic countries. These émigrés included a large part of the educated and skilled population of Russia.
How many people were killed in the Cheka?
During the Red Terror, the Cheka carried out an estimated 250,000 summary executions of "enemies of the people". Some 300,000–500,000 Cossacks were killed or deported during Decossackization, out of a population of around three million. An estimated 100,000 Jews were killed in Ukraine, mostly by the White Army.
What was the root of the Whites' defeat?
British historian Orlando Figes has contended that the root of the Whites' defeat was their failure to break with the ugly past of the oppressive Tsarist régime. Read more about this topic: Russian Civil War, Aftermath.
How many people were shot in Ekaterinburg?
Kolchak's government shot 25,000 people in Ekaterinburg province alone. At the end of the Civil War, the Russian SFSR was exhausted and near ruin. The droughts of 1920 and 1921, as well as the 1921 famine, worsened the disaster still further.
