The consequences and effects of the Hundred Years' War may be summarised as:
- The loss of all English-held territory in France except Calais.
- A high number of casualties amongst the nobility, particularly in France.
- A decline in trade, especially English wool and Gascon wine.
- A great wave of taxes to pay for the war which contributed to social unrest in both countries.
- Innovations in forms of tax collection.
- The development of a stronger Parliament in England.
What were three important results of the Hundred Years War?
The consolidation of the French monarch's control over all of France. A greater use of international diplomacy and specialised diplomats. A greater feeling of nationalism amongst the populations of both countries. The creation of national heroes, notably Henry V in England and Joan of Arc in France.
What was one effect of the Hundred Years War quizlet?
What was one effect of the Hundred Years' War? the destruction of French towns and farms.
What were the effects of the Hundred Years War on England?
This war witnessed and led to the deposition of three English kings (Richard II being deposed in 1399, and Henry VI and Richard III being deposed in 1461 and 1485 respectively as a result of the Wars of the Roses which were caused by dissatisfaction felt with the English monarchy at the end of the Hundred Years War) ...
What was one result of Hundred Years War?
By the War's end, feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops, and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies. Although primarily a dynastic conflict, the war inspired French and English nationalism.
How did the Hundred Years War affect medieval society quizlet?
How did advances in weaponry during the Hundred Years' War contribute to the end of the Middle Ages? Advanced weapons led to stronger monarchies and a weaker aristocracy. Advanced weapons led to a stronger aristocracy and weaker armies. Advanced weapons led to stronger armies and weaker monarchies.
What were the causes course and consequences of the Hundred Years War?
The immediate causes of the Hundred Years War were the dissatisfaction of Edward III of England with the nonfulfillment by Philip VI of France of his pledges to restore a part of Guienne taken by Charles IV; the English attempts to control Flanders, an important market for English wool and a source of cloth; and ...
Why was the Hundred Years War a turning point in warfare?
The Hundred Years' War was a turning point in warfare because it showed that peasant foot soldiers using bows and pikes could consistently overcome mounted noble knights. This resulted in the gradual replacement of mounted knight-based armies with foot soldier armies drawn from the peasants and citizens.
How did the 100 years war contribute to nationalism?
The Hundred Years' War encouraged a feeling of nationalism in both France and England because the common people started seeing the monarchs as leaders of the nation, rather than just feudal lords, who were fighting for the greater glory and pride of the country and the people identified with those sentiments.
How did France change after the Hundred Years War?
As the war waged, the nobility of both countries, but especially France, found their power being turned over to the King. This brings us to the greatest change felt by France after the Hundred Years War, the rejuvenation of the Valois monarchy. Charles VII issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.
How did the 100 years war change warfare in Europe?
Though primarily a dynastic conflict, the war gave impetus to ideas of both French and English nationality. Militarily, it saw the introduction of new weapons and tactics, which eroded the older system of feudal armies dominated by heavy cavalry.
How did the Hundred Years War bring change to medieval Europe?
It brought the weakening of the system because it created stronger monarchies, weaker nobility, rising importance of trade, common people loyal to the king, and gunpowder weapons make knights obsolete.
What is the Hundred Years War summary?
What was the Hundred Years' War? The Hundred Years' War was an intermittent struggle between England and France in the 14th–15th century. At the time, France was the richest, largest, and most populous kingdom of western Europe, and England was the best organized and most closely integrated western European state.
How did the Hundred Years War affect standing armies quizlet?
How did the end of the Hundred Years' War strengthen monarchies? The conflict reduced the power of standing armies. The conflict reduced the power of the nobility. The conflict increased the power of priests.
How did the Hundred Years War change Europe quizlet?
How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the rise of modern Europe? Stringer monarchies strengthened trade and the growth of towns, which kept the monarchs strong. What was the advantage of the longbow and gunpowder weapons introduced during the Hundred Years' War? They could defeat knights in armor.
What was the immediate cause of the Hundred Years War quizlet?
The immediate cause of the Hundred Years' War was when the king of France repossessed a feudal territory from king Edward III of England .
Why was the Hundred Years War a turning point in the ways of warfare?
The Hundred Years' War was a turning point in warfare because it showed that peasant foot soldiers using bows and pikes could consistently overcome mounted noble knights. This resulted in the gradual replacement of mounted knight-based armies with foot soldier armies drawn from the peasants and citizens.
How long did the Hundred Years War last?
The Hundred Years War Between England and France lasted for more than a hundred years (1337–1453) of off and on conflict before England appeared to have been defeated. Any conflict lasting this long would cause changes, and the aftermath of the wars affected both nations.
When did the Hundred Years War end?
The Uncertain End. While we now recognize that a distinctive phase of Anglo-French conflict ended in 1453, there was no peace settlement in the Hundred Years War, and the French remained prepared for the English to return for some time. For their part, the English crown didn’t give up its claim on the French throne.
What were the effects of the 1430s and 1440s?
Areas became depleted, populations fled or were massacred, the economy was damaged and disrupted, and ever greater expenditure was sucked into the army, raising taxes. Historian Guy Blois called the effects of the 1430s and 1440s a ‘ Hiroshima in Normandy.'. Of course, some people benefitted from the extra military expenditure.
What happened to the French South during the Wars of the Roses?
A watershed had been reached, however, and the French south was now permanently out of English hands . Calais remained under English control until 1558, and the claim on the French throne was only dropped in 1801.
What was the war between Lancaster and York?
This contributed greatly to England’s own struggle for power, known as the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of Henry VI during his mental illness. The conflict was partly fought by battle-hardened veterans of the Hundred Years War. The Wars of the Roses tore at the elites of Britain ...
Who wrote the Hundred Years War?
Effects of the Hundred Years War. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. He is the author of the History in an Afternoon textbook series. The Hundred Years War Between England and France lasted for more than a hundred years (1337–1453) of off and on conflict before England appeared to have been defeated.
Did England get rich from the French?
For a while, however, some Englishmen got very rich from the plunder taken from France, building houses and churches back in England.
What was the Hundred Years War?
From 1337 to 1453, the Hundred Years War was a major conflict waged between the English and the French. The war began over a territory disputes between the English and the French when the French defeated the English in the battle at Castillon, along France to claim English territories (Keen 2014).
What were the advantages of the English over the French?
Some of the advantages that the English had over the French were based in battle strategies and weapons technologies. The English “avoided pitched battles, engaged in quick, profitable raids, stole what they could and destroyed everything else and they captured enemy nights to hold for ransom (Pojer 2015).” Their weapons included the longbow and the crossbow. The longbow was an advantage because of its flexibility, rate of fire and stopping power and the crossbow because there was not a lot of skill needed to use it effectively, it had great power and it had a low labor requirement for the bowmen (Weapons 1987).
What were the advantages of the French?
Likewise the French had their advantages as well. The French had a population of aroud sixteen million ad used this to their advantage when they were able to field an army of over 50,000 when the most the British ever fielded was about 32,000. The French were also much richer then the English and were able to afford more supplies and resources to replenish their army after each skirmish and battle (Pojer 2015).
What was the conflict between England and France?
The major conflict between England and France Actually began years before the war. When William of Normandy conquered England, he “created a state lying on both sides of the English Channel” (Hundred Y. 2015). The English Kings in the 14th century held the duchy of Guienne located in France and they were tired of paying homage to France because of it. “The status of the duchy of Guyenne (or Aquitaine)-though it belonged to the kings of England, it remained a fief of the French crown, and the kings of England wanted independent possession” (Hundred 2015). They did not want France controlling them any longer. Edward III of England, in particular, was displeased with Phillip VI of France when he did not fulfill his pledge to restore he piece of Guienne that was taken by Charles IV. Other causes of the war included the English taking action to control the territory of Flanders, Philip supporting Scotland against the English, (Hundred Y. 2015) and the English were the closest living heir to the last Capetian king (Charles IV) so they claimed the crown of France belonged to them (Hundred 2015).
When did the English lose their major centers?
The war ended in 1453. By this time the English had lost all of their major centers except Calais and the French had capture one of their fortresses (Pojer 2015). England was no longer a continental power and they began to look at becoming a naval power (Hundred 2012).
What did the Battle of Crécy do to the English?
By ending England’s status as a power on the continent, it led the English to expand their reach and power at sea. Image depicting the Battle of Crécy, in which Edward III of England defeated Philip VI of France, August 26, 1346.
Who won the Battle of Crécy?
Edward won a major victory at the Battle of Crécy (1346); after his son Edward the Black Prince managed to capture John II at the Battle of Poitiers (1356), the French were obliged to surrender extensive lands under the treaties of Brétigny and Calais (1360). When John II died in captivity, his son Charles V refused to respect ...
What did Henry V do in 1415?
In 1415, however, Henry V decided to take advantage of civil war in France to press English claims to the French throne (see Battle of Agincourt ). By 1422, the English and their Burgundian allies controlled Aquitaine and all France north of the Loire, including Paris.
What happened to the English after John II died?
After Charles V’s death in 1380 both countries were preoccupied with internal power struggles, and the war lapsed into uncertain peace. In 1415, however, Henry V decided to take advantage ...
When did Joan of Arc conquer Normandy?
A turning point came in 1429, when Joan of Arc raised the English siege of Orléans. The French king Charles VII conquered Normandy and then retook Aquitaine in 1453, leaving the English in possession only of Calais.
Which two countries fought in the first hundred years of the war?
This struggle, which could well be termed the “First Hundred Years’ War,” was ended by the Treaty of Paris between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France, which was finally ratified in December 1259.
What was Edward's plan to withdraw from France?
Edward was to withdraw from France and receive compensation. This truce survived various stresses and essentially marked the end of the Hundred Years’ War. No peace treaty was ever signed. In the first half of the 14th century, France was the richest, largest, and most populous kingdom of western Europe.
What was the first serious crisis after the Treaty of Paris?
The first serious crisis after the conclusion of the Treaty of Paris came in 1293, when ships from England and Bayonne were engaged in a series of skirmishes with a Norman fleet. Demanding compensation, Philip IV of France announced the confiscation of Guyenne (May 19, 1294).
What was the most important thing about France in the 14th century?
It had, moreover, derived immense prestige from the fame and exploits of its monarchs , especially Louis IX, and it had grown powerful through the loyal service given by its administrators and officials. England was the best organized and most closely integrated western European state and the most likely to rival France, because the Holy Roman Empire was paralyzed by deep divisions. In these circumstances, serious conflict between the two countries was perhaps inevitable, but its extreme bitterness and long duration were more surprising. The length of the conflict can be explained, however, by the fact that a basic struggle for supremacy was exacerbated by complicated problems, such as that of English territorial possessions in France and disputed succession to the French throne; it was also prolonged by bitter litigation, commercial rivalry, and greed for plunder.
What happened in 1475?
On August 29, 1475, English King Edward IV and French King Louis XI met at Picquigny, France, and decided upon a seven years’ truce, agreeing in the future to settle their differences by negotiation rather than by force of arms. Edward was to withdraw from France and receive compensation. This truce survived various stresses and essentially marked the end of the Hundred Years’ War. No peace treaty was ever signed.
When did the French and English fight for the French crown?
By convention the war is said to have started on May 24, 1337 , with the confiscation of the English-held duchy of Guyenne by French King Philip VI.
When did Edward III of England defeat Philip VI of France?
Image depicting the Battle of Crécy, in which Edward III of England defeated Philip VI of France, August 26, 1346.
What was the problem with England and France?from britannica.com
The problem of English lands in France. The complicated political relationship existing between France and England in the first half of the 14th century ultimately derived from the position of William the Conqueror, the first sovereign ruler of England who also held fiefs on the continent of Europe as a vassal of the French king.
Why did Henry VI lose the war?from worldhistory.org
This became more serious in times of failure but the final loss in 1453 CE was one of the reasons Henry VI of England (r. 1422-61 & 1470-71 CE) became so unpopular and it was probably a contributory factor to the king's episodes of madness . This dissatisfaction with the monarch, his obvious aversion to warfare and the inevitable search for scapegoats for the loss of the war ultimately led to the dynastic conflict known to history as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE). In addition, now that the war with France was over, English nobles dissatisfied with the current regime could better use their own private armies as a tool to increase their own wealth and influence. Another consequence was the sheer number of nobles as monarchs often created more aristocrats - two new ranks in England were (e)squire and gentlemen - as they sought to increase their tax base. Indeed, during the war, the nobility of England tripled in size as new members qualified via property ownership rather than just hereditary titles (although it was still under 2% of the total population in the mid-15th century CE).
What did the medieval church do during the war?from worldhistory.org
The medieval Church as an institution on either side tended to support the war, giving patriotic services, saying prayers, and ringing out bells whenever there was a victory. The Christian faith, though, did receive some challenges on a pan -European scale. The Great Schism of 1378 CE (aka Western Schism) in the Catholic Church ultimately saw three popes all in office at the same time. The situation was not resolved until 1417 CE as the rival camps jockeyed for the support of French and English kings. Further, the Church in Rome was weakened as the kings of England and France sought to limit taxes going to anywhere else except their own military campaigns. A consequence of this policy was the creation of 'national churches' in each country. Local churches also became the hubs of community news with news of the wars' events being posted on their noticeboards and official communications being read out in the preacher's pulpit.
How did the French monarch triple his income?from worldhistory.org
The French monarch was thus able to triple his income through taxes from the start to the end of the war. Further, such taxes required a whole new state apparatus of tax collectors, keepers of public records, and assessors for payment disputes, ensuring the sustained enrichment of the Crown.
What was the first serious crisis after the Treaty of Paris?from britannica.com
The first serious crisis after the conclusion of the Treaty of Paris came in 1293, when ships from England and Bayonne were engaged in a series of skirmishes with a Norman fleet. Demanding compensation, Philip IV of France announced the confiscation of Guyenne (May 19, 1294).
Why was the French monarchy stronger than the French?from worldhistory.org
In France, the opposite was true as the monarchy's position was strengthened because of the success of the war while that of the nobility and the Estates General (the legislative assembly) weakened. This was because the king did not need to consult anyone else regarding taxation policies which could be levied at will to pay for the war. The conflict also saw the introduction of long-lasting indirect taxes such as the salt tax ( gabelle) that was not abolished until the French Revolution of the late 18th century CE. The French monarch was thus able to triple his income through taxes from the start to the end of the war. Further, such taxes required a whole new state apparatus of tax collectors, keepers of public records, and assessors for payment disputes, ensuring the sustained enrichment of the Crown.
What did Joan of Arc do in France?from worldhistory.org
In France, Joan of Arc became the great figure of the conflict as her heavenly visions inspired her to lift the siege of Orleans in 1429 CE , turning the tide of the war. Joan was burnt at the stake as a witch but, made a saint in 1920 CE, she still today symbolises defiance against the odds and French patriotism.
