| Provisions | Vietnam | Laos | Cambodia |
| Concentration areas | No provision | Pending political setllement, fighting u ... | No provision |
| Appeal to members of the Geneva Conferen ... | If one party refuses to put into effect ... | If one party refuses to put into effect ... | If one party refuses to put into effect ... |
| E. Procedural Matters | |||
| Parties and signatories to agreements | For the Commander in Chief of the People ... | For the Commander in Chief of the fighti ... | For the Commander of the units of the Kh ... |
What were the two main provisions of the Geneva Accords?
- The Geneva summit. The Geneva gathering had in fact been convened to discuss two other Cold War hotspots, Berlin and Korea.
- Parallels with Korea. ...
- A temporary division. ...
- Terms of the Geneva Accords. ...
- Outcomes of the Accords. ...
- Operation Passage to Freedom. ...
What did the Geneva Accords provide for?
What did the Geneva Accords provide for? The Geneva Convention (1906) provided recognition for the International Red Cross and guaranteed the rights of prisoners of war, as well as outlawing certain practices and weapons.
Which of these resulted from the Geneva Accords?
Which of these resulted from the Geneva Accords? Check all that apply. The war between France and Vietnam ended. It was agreed that an election for leadership would be held. Vietnam was divided along the 17th parallel. Vietnam gained independence from France.
What was not part of the Geneva Accords?
The part of the conference on the Korean question ended without adopting any declarations or proposals, so is generally considered less relevant. The Geneva Accords that dealt with the dismantling of French Indochina proved to have long-lasting repercussions, however.
What were the Geneva Accords quizlet?
The Geneva Accords of 1954 were designed to secure peace in Vietnam but would eventually contribute to war. In April 1954, diplomats from almost a hundred nations - including the United States, the Soviet Union, China, France and Great Britain - attended a conference in Geneva, Switzerland.
What was an important provision of the Geneva Accords in 1954 quizlet?
- July 20th, 1954, both the French and Vietnamese agreed to a cease-fire and to prevent remilitarization, they agreed for no importation of weapons, no reinforcements, and no military bases.
Why are the Geneva Accords important?
The Geneva Accords were significant for two reasons. Most obviously, they brought an end to the First Indochina War and marked the end of French influence in Southeast Asia. The Geneva Accords also helped lay the groundwork for the Second Indochina War, more commonly known as the Vietnam War.
What were two significant things that came out of the Geneva Accords?
Among the terms of the Geneva Accords were the following: Vietnam would become an independent nation, formally ending 75 years of French colonialism. The former French colonies Cambodia and Laos would also be given their independence. Vietnam would be temporarily divided for a period of two years.
What was the Geneva accords?
The Geneva Accords of 1954 were an attempt to end eight years of fighting between France and Vietnam. They did that, but they also set the stage for the American phase of fighting in Southeast Asia.
What was the purpose of the Geneva Conference?
On May 8, 1954, representatives of Democratic Republic of Vietnam (communist Vietminh), France, China, the Soviet Union, Laos, Cambodia, the State of Vietnam (democratic, as recognized by the U.S.), and the United States met in Geneva to work out an agreement. Not only did they seek to extricate France, ...
What countries did the French seek to unify?
Not only did they seek to extricate France, but they also sought an agreement that would unify Vietnam and stabilize Laos and Cambodia (which had also been part of French Indochina) in the absence of France.
Which country would be divided in half along the 17th parallel?
By July 20, the contentious meeting had agreed to the following: Vietnam would be divided in half along the 17th Parallel (in the thin "neck" of the country). The Vietminh would control the northern section, the State of Vietnam would control the south.
Did the Geneva Accords get France out of Vietnam?
From the outset, it had not the intention of letting Ngo Dinh Diem, president in the south, call the elections. The Geneva Accords got France out of Vietnam, certainly. However they did nothing to prevent an escalation of discord between free and communist spheres, and they only hastened American involvement in the country. Cite this Article.
What were the Geneva Accords?
1. The Geneva Accords refer to a series of agreements pertaining to the future of Vietnam. They were produced during multilateral discussions in Geneva between March and July 1954. 2. The discussions at Geneva were marred by Cold War paranoia and mistrust.
Why were the Geneva Accords a failure?
The Geneva Accords are remembered as a failure, chiefly because major nations did not adhere to their terms.
What was the purpose of the Geneva summit?
The Geneva summit. The Geneva gathering had in fact been convened to discuss two other Cold War hotspots, Berlin and Korea. By the time it began, the Viet Minh had overrun the French base at Dien Bien Phu, forcing Vietnam onto the agenda.
What was the Geneva Conference?
The Geneva conference was given the unenviable task of arranging for Vietnam’s reunification and self-government. The conference produced a set of resolutions known as the Geneva Accords, a roadmap for Vietnam’s transition to independence. The Accords were not supported by major players, however, so had little chance of success.
What was the purpose of Operation Passage to Freedom?
In 1954-55 the United States launched Operation Passage to Freedom to assist Vietnamese civilians with relocating from north to south. It was a humanitarian mission but also served as propaganda. Citation information. Title: “The Geneva Accords of 1954”. Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Jim Southey, Steve Thompson.
What was the transition period in Vietnam?
During the two year transition period, military personnel were instructed to return to their place of origin: Viet Minh soldiers and guerrillas to North Vietnam, French and pro-French troops to South Vietnam. Vietnamese civilians were free to relocate to either North or South Vietnam.
Which countries refused to sign the Geneva Accords?
Delegates from some nations refused to negotiate directly, while the United States and South Vietnam refused to sign the Accords. 3. Under the terms of the Geneva Accords, Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel for a period of two years.
What were the Geneva Accords?
Several key military agreements of the Geneva Accords outlined the following provisions: 1 A cease-fire line would be drawn at the 17th parallel, temporarily dividing the country into two parts. The communist Viet Minh occupied the north, while the State of Vietnam remained in the south. 2 The Viet Minh, State of Vietnam, and France had to withdraw their troops to their side of the 17th parallel. 3 The citizens of Vietnam were to be given 300 days to relocate, at their will, to either South or North Vietnam.
Why were the Geneva Accords important?
Most obviously, they brought an end to the First Indochina War and marked the end of French influence in Southeast Asia. The Geneva Accords also helped lay the groundwork for the Second Indochina War, more commonly known as the Vietnam War.
What countries were involved in the Geneva Conference?
The Geneva Conference began on April 26, 1954, with negotiations continuing until July 21, 1954. Vietnamese and French combatants were still fighting during this time. A total of nine parties met to discuss peace terms. In addition to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the State of Vietnam, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom were there to represent western democratic interests in the region and to support South Vietnam, while the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union were there to represent communist interests and to back North Vietnam. Cambodia and Laos were also present, largely because the conflict in Vietnam affected Southeast Asia at large.
What countries were given the opportunity to freely choose on which side of the 17th parallel?
In addition, according to the Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference, citizens of Vietnam were to be given the opportunity to freely choose on which side of the 17th parallel they wished to live.
How many countries were present at the Geneva Accords?
Nine countries were present at the conference. On July 21, the parties settled on the Geneva Accords, a collection of ten separate documents that outlined various military agreements, declarations, and provisions for free elections in Southeast Asia.
Did the United States sign the Final Declaration of Vietnam?
Of the nine parties present at the Geneva Conference, none of them signed the Final Declaration that provided for nationwide Vietnamese elections. Instead, the United States actively worked to set up an independent state in South Vietnam to buffer communist influences in the region.
Did France give up control of Vietnam?
France, however, refused to give up control of the State of Vietnam, what we call South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh and his forces waged guerrilla warfare in Vietnam, while France fought to maintain its control for nearly eight years. But by 1954 they had had enough. The First Indochina War would finally come to an end as a result of the Geneva Accords.
How many countries ratified the Geneva Conventions?
The treaties of 1949 were ratified, in their entirety or with reservations, by 196 countries. The Geneva Conventions concern only combatants in war; they do not address the use of weapons of war, which are the subject of the Hague Conventions, and the bio - chemical warfare Geneva Protocol.
When was the Fourth Geneva Convention adopted?
The Fourth Geneva Convention " relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War " (first adopted in 1949, based on parts of the Hague Convention (II) of 1899 and Hague Convention (IV) 1907).
What does convention mean in law?
In international law, the term convention does not have its common meaning as an assembly of people. Rather, it is used in diplomacy to mean an international agreement, or treaty.
What conventions dealt with prisoners of war?
The Third Geneva Convention " relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War " replaced the 1929 Geneva Convention that dealt with prisoners of war. In addition to these three conventions, the conference also added a new elaborate Fourth Geneva Convention " relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War ".
What was the first Geneva Convention?
The First Geneva Convention " for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field " was the fourth update of the original 1864 convention and replaced the 1929 convention on the same subject matter.
What conventions were established in 1949?
Inspired by the wave of humanitarian and pacifistic enthusiasm following World War II and the outrage towards the war crimes disclosed by the Nuremberg Trials, a series of conferences were held in 1949 reaffirming, expanding and updating the prior Geneva and Hague Conventions.
What was the name of the convention that was signed in 1929?
One, the " Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field ", was the third version to replace the original convention of 1864.
What Were the Geneva Accords?
What were the Geneva Accords? The Geneva Peace Accords were crafted in 1954 and brought a close to the First Indochina War. The First Indochina War took place in the wake of World War II in the region of French Indochina, which included Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
The Geneva Peace Accords: Background and Context
The Geneva Accords reflected Cold War Era politics in East Asia. Thus, they stemmed less from the will of the Indochinese people and more from the interests of the capitalist West and the communist East, who would shape and support South Vietnam and North Vietnam respectively.
The History of the Geneva Accords and Vietnam
By the time the Geneva Accords were announced, Ho Chi Minh's forces had been gaining ground against the French. At least militarily speaking, the momentum had been on the side of the Viet Minh, which were the communist revolutionaries led by Ho Chi Minh. The French forces had accordingly been losing their footholds.
Why did Germany sign the Geneva Convention?
Germany signed the Convention of 1929, however, that didn’t prevent them from carrying out horrific acts on and off the battlefield and within their military prison camps and civilian concentration camps during World War II . As a result, the Geneva Conventions were expanded in 1949 to protect non-combatant civilians.
What is the Geneva Convention?
The Geneva Convention was a series of international diplomatic meetings that produced a number of agreements, in particular the Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts, a group of international laws for the humane treatment of wounded or captured military personnel, medical personnel and non-military civilians during war or armed conflicts.
What was the purpose of the Red Cross in 1863?
Red Cross. A committee was formed—which included Dunant and an early iteration of the Red Cross —in Geneva to explore ways to implement Dunant’s ideas. In October 1863, delegates from 16 countries along with military medical personnel traveled to Geneva to discuss the terms of a wartime humanitarian agreement.
What did the amendments to the Constitution do?
The amendments extended protections for those wounded or captured in battle as well as volunteer agencies and medical personnel tasked with treating, transporting and removing the wounded and killed. It also made the repatriation of captured belligerents a recommendation instead of mandatory.
What are the rights of prisoners of war?
Male and female prisoners of war received expanded protections in the Convention of 1949 such as: 1 they must not be tortured or mistreated 2 they’re only required to give their name, rank, birth date and serial number when captured 3 they must receive suitable housing and adequate amounts of food 4 they must not be discriminated against for any reason 5 they have the right to correspond with family and receive care packages 6 the Red Cross has the right to visit them and examine their living conditions
When was the Red Cross Protocol added to the Geneva Conventions?
International Committee of the Red Cross. Treaties, States, Parties, and Commentaries: Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross.
Which article of the Convention states that the wounded and sick must not be murdered, tortured, exterminated or exposed
civilians who take up arms to fight invading forces. Article 9 of the Convention specified the Red Cross has the right to assist the wounded and sick and provide humanitarian aid. Article 12 stipulated the wounded and sick must not be murdered, tortured, exterminated or exposed to biological experiments.
What was the purpose of the Geneva Conventions?
Geneva Conventions, a series of international treaties concluded in Geneva between 1864 and 1949 for the purpose of ameliorating the effects of war on soldiers and civilians. Two additional protocols to the 1949 agreement were approved in 1977. After the Nürnberg and Tokyo trials, numerous international treaties and conventions attempted ...
What happened to the Geneva Conventions after World War II?
In the decades following World War II, the large number of anticolonial and insurrectionary wars threatened to render the Geneva Conventions obsolete. After four years of Red Cross-sponsored negotiations, two additional protocols to the 1949 conventions, covering both combatants and civilians, were approved in 1977.
What conventions were used to define war crimes?
war crime: Geneva conventions. After the Nürnberg and Tokyo trials, numerous international treaties and conventions attempted to devise a comprehensive and enforceable definition of war crimes. The four separate Geneva conventions, adopted in 1949, in theory made prosecutable certain acts committed in violation of the laws of….
What was the Red Cross's main activity in the 20th century?
In the 20th century the activity of the Red Cross embraced not only the victims of military actions but also peace activity, which includes aid for the sick, for the handicapped,…. international law: Use of force. The Geneva Conventions (1949) and their additional protocols (1977) deal with, among other topics, prisoners of war, ...
How many states have made declarations accepting the competence of international fact-finding commissions?
In addition, more than 50 states have made declarations accepting the competence of international fact-finding commissions to investigate allegations of grave breaches or other serious violations of the conventions or of Protocol I. Geneva Conventions.
What was the prisoner of war convention?
The prisoner-of-war convention further developed the 1929 convention by requiring humane treatment, adequate feeding, and the delivery of relief supplies and by forbidding pressure on prisoners to supply more than a minimum of information.
When was the Geneva Convention extended?
It was amended and extended by the second Geneva Convention in 1906, and its provisions were applied to maritime warfare through the Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907.
Background
Geneva Conference
- On May 8, 1954, representatives of Democratic Republic of Vietnam (communist Vietminh), France, China, the Soviet Union, Laos, Cambodia, the State of Vietnam (democratic, as recognized by the U.S.), and the United States met in Geneva to work out an agreement. Not only did they seek to extricate France, but they also sought an agreement that would unify Vietnam and stabili…
Main Elements of The Agreement
- By July 20, the contentious meeting had agreed to the following: 1. Vietnam would be divided in half along the 17th Parallel(in the thin "neck" of the country). 2. The Vietminh would control the northern section, the State of Vietnam would control the south. 3. General elections would occur in both north and south on July 20, 1956, to decide which ...
A Real Agreement?
- Any use of the term "agreement" with respect to the Geneva Accords must be done loosely. The U.S. and the State of Vietnam never signed it; they simply acknowledged that an agreement had been made between other nations. The U.S. doubted that, without United Nations supervision, any election in Vietnam would be democratic. From the outset, it had not the intention of letting Ngo …
The Geneva Summit
Parallels with Korea
- The delegates at Geneva noted similarities between Vietnam and post-war Korea, a country also left divided after World War II. Until 1945, Korea had been occupied by the Japanese. After their withdrawal, the Korean peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel. This division was intended to be temporary, however, the region soon firmed into two separate states: communist-controlled Nor…
A Temporary Division
- The Geneva conference adopted a similar approach in Vietnam. Vietnamese territory would be divided temporarily into north and south, then given a road map to free elections, self-government, reunification and independence. Unfortunately, the plan hatched at Geneva was undermined and sabotaged by a lack of support. American delegates attended the Geneva summit but scarcely p…
Terms of The Geneva Accords
- The Geneva conference took until July 21st before it produced a formal agreement. Among the terms of the Geneva Accords were the following: 1. Vietnam would become an independent nation, formally ending 75 years of French colonialism. The former French colonies Cambodia and Laos would also be given their independence. 2. Vietnam would be temporaril...
Outcomes of The Accords
- On the surface, the Geneva Accords appeared a sensible solution to a difficult problem. The Accords generated some optimistic press coverage and hope that Vietnam could be stabilised and eased into independence. In reality, the Accords were almost certainly doomed to fail. They were hastily drafted and rushed into existence barely two months after the fall of Dien Bien Phu. …
Operation Passage to Freedom
- The Geneva Accords also provided a 300-day grace period, so that civilians could relocate to North or South Vietnam. The United States began providing assistance to those Vietnamese who wanted to move south. A joint US-French naval task force was assembled near Haiphong Harbour, while US personnel and aid workers organised refugee camps, food and medical supplies in Sou…