History of the Middle East since the beginning of the 20th century: Ottoman Empire – European interference – French and British mandates – independence of Arab countries – creation of the State of Israel – wars in Lebanon and Iraq The Middle East at the Beginning of the 20th Century - Introduction
| 1917- Britain Captures Palestine | 1970- Black September |
|---|---|
| 1958-Egypt and Syria Found UAR | 1990-1991- Gulf War |
| 1958- US Troops Land in Lebanon | 1993-Israel PLO Agreement |
| 1959- Algerian Independence Vote | 1995- Rabin Assassinated |
| 1961-Kuwait Gains Independence | 1996- Terror Hits Israel |
What are the most important historical events in the Middle East?
Saudi King Faisal is assassinated by a member of the royal family. King Faisal, who had played a vital role in the implementation of the 1973 Arab oil embargo, is succeeded by his brother, King Khalid. – Oum Kalthoum, the most important singer in the history of Arabic music, dies. – Moroccan King Hassan II orders “The Green March” in November.
What are the major events of the 20th century?
This century witnessed two world wars, the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Holocaust in Europe, the Cold War, revolutionary social equality movements, and the exploration of space. Follow the changes in this decade-by-decade timeline of the 20th century. The 1900s Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images
What are some important events of the Middle Ages?
Other important events of the Middle Ages included the success of Charles Martel against Islamic invaders and the establishment of Charlemagne’s empire.
How did the 20th century change the world?
Following the 19th century, the 20th century changed the world in unprecedented ways. The World Wars sparked tension between countries and led to the creation of atomic bombs, the Cold War led to the Space Race and creation of space-based rockets, and the World Wide Web was created.
What historical events shaped the 20th century?
The 20th century was dominated by significant events that defined the modern era: Spanish flu pandemic, World War I and World War II, nuclear weapons, nuclear power and space exploration, nationalism and decolonization, technological advances, and the Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts.
What were the major events of the Middle East crisis?
Its complex history includes the Persian Gulf War, the Iran Hostage Crisis, the Yom Kippur War, Zionism and more.Iran-Iraq War.Israel.Palestine.Constantinople.Ottoman Empire.Arab Spring.Persian Gulf War.Camp David Accords.
What event created the Middle East?
The departure of the European powers from direct control of the region, the establishment of Israel, and the increasing importance of the petroleum industry, marked the creation of the modern Middle East.
What happened in the Middle East in 1920?
July 1920: Arabs in Iraq rebel against British rule. Riots break out in what becomes known as the Great Iraqi Revolution. Iraq is placed under British mandate. August 10, 1920: Turkish forces attack Greece and Armenia.
What are the names of the five major historical events in the Middle East?
Major Events in the Middle East in the 20th Century1917- Britain Captures Palestine1970- Black September1929-Rioting in Palestine1979 Peace Treaty Israel-Egypt1936-Oil Found in Saudi Arabia1979-Shah of Iran Ousted1936-Arab Revolt in Palestine1979- US Embassy Seized in Iran1937-Peel Commission1980- Iran-Iraq War25 more rows
What is the Middle East best known for?
Economically, the Middle East is known for its vast oil reserves. It is also known as the home of three major world religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Because of its economic, religious, and geographical location, the Middle East has been at the center of many world issues and political affairs.
What is the history of the Middle East conflict?
List of conflictsDateConflictCasualties1939–1945Middle East Theatre of World War II Anglo-Iraqi War Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran)≈16,0001946Egyptian Student Riots100–3001946Iran crisis of 19462,0001948–Arab–Israeli conflict73,000–84,00093 more rows
What are two events that have powerfully influenced the development of the modern nations of the Middle East?
What are two events that have powerfully influenced the development of the modern nations of the Middle East? the founding of israel in 1948 and the iranian revolution in 1979 are both two events that influenced the development of nations in the middle east.
What is the significance of the Middle East to the modern world?
Located at the junction of three continents—Europe, Asia, and Africa—the region known as the Middle East has historically been a crossroads for conquerors, peoples, trade, and ideas as well as a transition zone for political and cultural interaction.
How did the Great Depression impact the Middle East?
The worst years occurred between 1929 and 1933, and then all the countries saw a measure of growth but not enough to employ the numbers or types of people needing jobs in agriculture or industry. In the first years of the Great Depression, agricultural prices collapsed across the Middle East.
What happened to the Middle East after ww2?
After World War II, as the world was divided up into the West and the Communist East, the Arab nations were given new options, Neither the United States or the Soviet Union had much of a presence or interest in the Middle East or North Africa before World War I.
How did the Middle East change after the fall of the Ottoman Empire?
The demise of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Caliphate) made a lasting impact to the Muslim world. Britain and France curved up the Middle East through Sykes-Picot Agreement and gave birth to a new Middle East where oil and petrodollar shaped the politics and economy under their patronage.
The world at the beginning of the century
From 1914 to 1918, the First World War, and its aftermath, caused major changes in the power balance of the world, destroying or transforming some of the most powerful empires.
Between the wars
After World War I, the global economy remained strong through the 1920s. The war had provided a stimulus for industry and for economic activity in general. There were many warning signs foretelling the collapse of the global economic system in 1929 that were generally not understood by the political leadership of the time.
Global war: World War II (1939–1945)
This section provides a conversational overview of World War II in Europe. See main article for a fuller discussion.
The post-war world
Following World War II, the majority of the industrialized world lay in ruins as a result of aerial bombings, naval bombardment, and protracted land campaigns. The United States was a notable exception to this; barring Pearl Harbor and some minor incidents, the U.S. had suffered no attacks upon its territory.
The world at the end of the century
By the end of the century, more technological advances and scientific discoveries been made than in all of preceding history. Communications and information technology, transportation technology, and medical advances had radically altered daily lives. Europe appeared to be at a sustainable peace for the first time in recorded history.
Who were the leaders of the 20th century?
It saw a number of nationally recognized leaders during the 20th century, such as Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Although it didn’t gain momentum during the first half of the century, the movement rapidly grew in the second half.
When did the Cold War start?
The Cold War began in 1946 . It was a state of competition between the two states. Without directly fighting each other, they formed allies, funded and supported proxy wars, and did all they could to damage each other’s standing. The Cold War ended with the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991.
What two countries were allies in the Cold War?
Cold War. Soon after the end of World War II, two main powers emerged on the global landscape – Soviet Union and United States. While both were allies in their war against Germany during World War II, they immediately became rivals after the end of the World War II.
What were the new institutions and systems introduced during the Progressive Era?
New institutions and systems such as the Federal Reserve System were introduced during the Progressive Era. In general, the Progressive Era was a time when scientific methods, modern solutions and new policies marked American politics, society and economy.
Why did the United States create the Marshall Plan?
In order to help the countries stand back on their own feet, the United States devised the Marshall Plan. According to this plan, United States disbursed nearly $12 billion to the European nations in order to help them rebuild their economies. The biggest recipient of this sum was United Kingdom followed by France.
What was the prohibition period?
It was marked by a complete ban on the consumption, transportation, manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages. The ban was imposed in 1920 through the 18th Amendment.
What was the Progressive Era?
This era was marked by social activism as well as reforms in the political system of the country. Measures such as antitrust laws, and the promotion of woman suffrage and labor rights, tackled the modern problems that the country faced.
What happened in the 1930s?
The Great Depression hit the world hard in the 1930s. The Nazis took advantage of this situation and came to power in Germany, established their first concentration camp, and began a systematic persecution of Jews in Europe. In 1939, they invaded Poland and sparked the beginning of World War II.
What was the Roaring 20s?
The Roaring '20s were a time of a booming stock market, speakeasies, short skirts, the Charleston, and jazz. The '20s also showed great strides in women's suffrage —women got the vote in 1920. Archaeology hit the mainstream with the discovery of King Tut's Tomb.
What was the golden age of the 1950s?
The 1950s are sometimes referred to as the Golden Age. Color TV was invented, the polio vaccine was discovered, Disneyland opened in California, and Elvis Presley gyrated his hips on "The Ed Sullivan Show ." The Cold War continued as the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union began.
What was the first thing people tasted in the 1910s?
On a more positive note, the Armory show of 1913 rocked the art world with its shocking innovations climaxing in the Dada movement, and people in the 1910s got their first taste of an Oreo cookie and could fill out their first crossword.
What was the decade of 1910?
The 1910s. Fototeca Gilardi / Getty Images. This decade was dominated by the first "total war"—World War I. It also saw other huge changes during the Russian Revolution and the beginning of Prohibition in the United States.
What were the hardships of the 1900s?
It also included hardships like the Boxer Rebellion and the San Francisco Earthquake. The 1900s also saw the burgeoning of the silent movie industry (Georges Melies' 400th film "A Trip to the Moon" was made in 1903) and the teddy bear.
What were the most important things that happened in the 1900s?
The 1900s. This decade opened the century with some amazing scientific and technological feats: the first flight by the Wright brothers, Henry Ford's first Model-T, and Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity. It also included hardships like the Boxer Rebellion and the San Francisco Earthquake.
What were the major events of the Middle Ages?
Other important events of the Middle Ages included the success of Charles Martel against Islamic invaders and the establishment of Charlemagne’s empire. The agricultural revolution and establishment of Ottonian Empire was also ...
What is the Middle Ages timeline?
This brief timeline of Middle Ages events mentions details of the major events during the Middle Ages which were significant to the lives and incidences of famous people, Kings and lords of the Middle Ages. The timeline starts with the beginning of the Dark Ages or Early Medieval period.
What was the aftermath of the Great Famine?
One of the aftermaths of Great Famine was the increasing rivalry and bloodthirstiness of the members of nobility that was expressed by the event of the Hundred Years’ War between England and France. Joan of Arc emerged as one of the most powerful, most loved and then most hated woman of the medieval period.
Why was the Ottonian Empire important?
The agricultural revolution and establishment of Ottonian Empire was also important as it first proved to be a natural allegiance of the Church and the Kingdom of Germany and then, it also proved to be the forced partnership of Church and Holy Roman Empire that decimated the successful Holy Roman Empire of Germany.
How many contestants were there in the 1378-1417 papacy?
The Western Christendom suffered much bigger jolt during 1378 to 1417, when there were three contestants for the Papacy. This internal tussle for ultimate power of papacy significantly reduced the influence and power of the Church over common people.
What was the first step towards the constitution of England?
The Magna Carta Libertatum, or the Great Charter of Liberties of England was originally issued in 1215 AD. This charter is considered to be the first step towards the constitutional government of England. The Charter of Magna Carta restricted the power of the Emperor and proved the importance of a Constitution.
What was the importance of the Battle of Hastings?
The Battle of Hastings had a very important incidence of European Middle Ages as it established the feudal system in England and gave way for feudalism in other parts of the Continent. Declaration of Magna Carta was also a very important event. Commercial revolution of Europe after the last crusade changed the economical conditions of Europe.
Overview
Events in the 20th century
From 1914 to 1918, the First World War, and its aftermath, caused major changes in the power balance of the world, destroying or transforming some of the most powerful empires.
The First World War (or simply WWI), termed "The Great War" by contemporaries, started in 1914 and ended in 1918. The war and by extension …
See also
• Timeline of the 20th century
• Infectious disease in the 20th century
• Death rates in the 20th century
• List of battles 1901-2000
Sources
• UNESCO (2008-02-28). "The Twentieth Century". History of Humanity. Vol. VII. Routledge. p. 600. ISBN 978-0-415-09311-8.
External links
• The 20th Century Research Project
• Slouching Towards Utopia: The Economic History of the Twentieth Century
• TIME Archives The greatest writers of the 20th Century
The Progressive Era
Prohibition in The United States
- Prohibition was an important and significant period in the United States during the 20th century. It was marked by a complete ban on the consumption, transportation, manufacture, or sale of alcoholic beverages. The ban was imposed in 1920 through the 18th Amendment. Prohibition gave birth to a number of criminal gangs who participated in bootlegging and used the funds fo…
Civil Rights Movement
- The Civil Rights Movementwas a movement that sought rights for the marginalized sections of American society. The movement in particular championed the rights of African-Americans. It saw a number of nationally recognized leaders during the 20th century, such as Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Although it didn’t gain momentum during the first half of the century, the movement …
United States in World War I
- During World War I, the United States initially decided to stay neutral. This changed when German forces attacked Britain’s passenger ships, resulting in the deaths of many American passengers on board. The United States declared war on Germany in April 1917. In 1918, U.S. soldiers played an important role in countering the German offensive and contributing to the final assault agains…
United States in World War II
- World War IIstarted in 1939. The United States decided to stay neutral during the first two years of the war. In 1941, Japan launched an attack on the American base at Pearl Harbor. This led the United States to enter the war on the side of the Allied forces. Once it had entered the war, the role of the United States proved decisive. The military and economic might of the United States slowl…
Status as A Superpower – 20th Century America
- During the 20th century, the United States emerged as a major global power. This was reflected in the role of the United States during World War I but became more prominent during World War II. Following the end of World War II, the United States became one of only two major global powers, the other being the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the United States bec…
Cold War
- Soon after the end of World War II, two main powers emerged on the global landscape – the Soviet Union and the United States. While both were allies in their war against Germany during World War II, they immediately became rivals after the end of World War II. Both had critical ideological differences – the Soviet Union was grounded in socialism while the United States ch…
Nuclear Arms Race
- In August 1945, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities – Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These were the first nuclear weapons ever used. Soon afterward, a race for developing nuclear arms began between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries, and their allies, sought to develop more and more sophisticated nuclear arms in order to win thi…
The Marshall Plan
- During World War II, European nations suffered heavily in terms of the number of people killed. In order to help the countries stand back on their own feet, the United States devised the Marshall Plan. According to this plan, the United States disbursed nearly $12 billion to the European nations in order to help them rebuild their economies. The biggest recipient of this sum was the United K…
The Space Race – 20th Century America
- The Space Race refers to a rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States in their attempts to explore and navigate space. Both sides rapidly developed their space programs to this end. Russia was the first to launch an artificial satellite into Earth’s orbit in 1957. It was famously called Sputnik. The United States was able to gain precedence by landing the first ma…