Webster and Ashburton agreed on a division of disputed territory, giving 7,015 square miles to the United States and 5,012 to Great Britain; agreed on the boundary line through the Great Lakes to the Lake of the Woods; and agreed on provisions for open navigation in several bodies of water.
What was the purpose of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
Webster–Ashburton Treaty. The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (the region that became Canada).
What did Lord Ashburton and Secretary Webster agree on?
While Secretary Webster and Lord Ashburton both agreed that the international trade of enslaved people on the high seas should be banned, Webster refused to Ashburton’s demands that the British be allowed to inspect U. S. ships suspected of carrying enslaved people. Instead, he agreed that the U. S.
What was the result of the Aroostook Treaty?
Signed under John Tyler 's presidency, it resolved the Aroostook War, a nonviolent dispute over the location of the Maine – New Brunswick border. It: Agreed that the two parties would share use of the Great Lakes.
What foreign policy issues did Daniel Webster Face during his presidency?
From 1841 to 1843, during his first term as Secretary of State under President John Tyler, Daniel Webster faced several thorny foreign policy issues involving Great Britain. These included the Canadian border dispute, the involvement of American citizens in the Canadian rebellion of 1837, and the abolition of international trade of enslaved people.
Why was the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
In 1842, Britain and the US signed the Webster-Ashburton Treaty to settle the disputed borders between New Brunswick and Maine and in the Great Lakes area.
Where was the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
The treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British diplomat Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton....Webster–Ashburton Treaty.Webster–Ashburton Treaty ratificationTypeBilateral treatySigned9 August 1842LocationWashington, D.C., United States2 more rows
What was the Webster-Ashburton Treaty quizlet?
Webster-Ashburton Treaty. signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border. Also banned the slave trade (on the ocean)
What two borders were adjusted by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 settled these controversies. The treaty awarded the United States seven-twelfths of the disputed territory in Maine and New Brunswick, and adjusted the Canadian-United States boundary between Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods.
What was accomplished by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 quizlet?
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. Signed under John Tyler's presidency, it resolved the Aroostook War, a nonviolent dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border.
What is the 54 40 or fight?
Polk's battle cry was "Fifty-four forty or fight," which meant the United States would accept nothing less from the British than all of the Oregon Country, as far north as the border of Alaska. Polk won the Presidency and took office in 1845.
Which president helped engineer the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
Hoping to avoid war with Britain, President John Tyler's secretary of state, Daniel Webster, and Alexander Baring, the First Lord of Ashburton, signed the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, which settled the Maine border and other territorial disputes in the Great Lakes region. This treaty was signed on August 9, 1842.
What international boundary was in dispute in 1824?
The Oregon boundary dispute or the Oregon Question was a 19th-century territorial dispute over the political division of the Pacific Northwest of North America between several nations that had competing territorial and commercial aspirations in the region.
Who did the United States receive the Aroostook Valley from?
The Aroostook War (sometimes called the Pork and Beans War), or the Madawaska War, was a military and civilian-involved confrontation in 1838–1839 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the international boundary between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine.
Which American state has the longest border with Canada?
AlaskaWith 1,538 miles (2,475 km), Alaska shares the longest border. Pennsylvania with 42 miles (68 kilometers) shares the smallest length of the border.
Why was the U.S. Canada border established?
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States. In the second article of the Treaty, the parties agreed on all boundaries of the United States, including, but not limited to, the boundary to the north along then-British North America.
What agreement ended the war between the United States and Mexico in 1848?
The Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoThe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which brought an official end to the Mexican-American War (1846-48), was signed on February 2, 1848, at Guadalupe Hidalgo, a city to which the Mexican government had fled with the advance of U.S. forces.
What was the significance of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
A major achievement in diplomacy and foreign policy for post-revolutionary America, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 peacefully eased tensions between the United States and Canada by resolving several long-standing border disputes and other issues.
What was the name of the treaty that ended the American Revolution?
On September 3, 1783, in Paris, France, representatives of the United States of America and King George III of Great Britain signed the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolution. Along with acknowledging America’s independence from Britain, the Treaty of Paris created an official border between the American colonies and ...
Why did Webster refuse to allow the British to inspect U.S. ships?
ships suspected of carrying enslaved people. Instead, he agreed that the U.S. would station warships off the coast of Africa to search suspected ships flying the American flag. While this agreement became part of the Webster–Ashburton Treaty, the U.S. failed to vigorously enforce its ship inspections until the Civil War began in 1861.
What were the two major disputes between the United States and the Canadian colonies?
Differing interpretations of the 1783 Treaty of Paris resulted in several disputes between the United States and the Canadian colonies, most notably the Oregon Question and the Aroostook War.
Which treaty established the border between Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods?
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty re-established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, as originally defined in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. And confirmed the location of the border in the western frontier as running along the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains, as defined in the Treaty of 1818. Webster and Ashburton also agreed that the U.S. and Canada would share the commercial use of the Great Lakes.
Which treaty established the Canadian border?
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty established the U.S.-Canadian border as drawn in the 1783 Treaty of Paris and the Treaty of 1818.
Who agreed to share the Great Lakes?
Webster and Ashburton also agreed that the U.S. and Canada would share the commercial use of the Great Lakes. The Oregon Question, however, remained unresolved until June 15, 1846, when the U.S. and Canada averted a potential war by agreeing to the Oregon Treaty .
What was the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty. Treaty to Settle and Define the Boundaries between the Territories of the United States and the Possessions of Her Britannic Majesty in North America, for the Final Suppression of the African Slave Trade, and for the Giving Up of Criminals Fugitive from Justice, in Certain Cases, signed at Washington August 9,1842.
Who edited the Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America?
Source: Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America. Edited by Hunter Miller, Volume 4, Documents 80-121: 1836-1846. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1934. This text is from Yale University Law School’s Avalon Project, a substantial collection of American history documents posted on the Internet.
How long is the 8th article of the Treaty in force?
The eighth article of this Treaty shall be in force for five years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications, and afterwards until one or the other Party shall signify a wish to terminate it. The tenth article shall continue in force until one or the other of the Parties shall signify its wish to terminate it, and no longer.
What is Sulpicius in the Treaty of Ghent?
Sulpicius, [pseud.] Examination of the Decision of the Commissioners under the Fourth Article of the Treaty of Ghent, with an appendix of official documents. Portland, Me. Printed at the Argus office, by Thomas Todd. 1829. (Cataloger Note: “Originally published in the Eastern Argus.”–Preface. A criticism of the northeastern boundary settlement under the treaty. Richard H. Shoemaker in his Checklist of American Imprints for 1829 attributes the pamphlet to Ashur Ware, editor of the Eastern Argus, a paper engaged in promoting the separation of Maine from Massachusetts.
Where was Daniel Webster a teacher?
Before his illustrious career, Daniel Webster was a teacher at Fryeburg Academy in 1802 before pursuing his legal profession.
Who wrote the notes to the Treaty of Washington?
Three notes were written at Washington on the date of the signature of the treaty and in connection therewith; two of these are from Lord Ashburton to Daniel Webster, and one is from the latter to the former.
Who negotiated the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
As United States secretary of state, Daniel Webster negotiated the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842. Image: Courtesy Library of Congress. the acquittals—provoked outrage among the proslavery forces in the United States. They charged the British government with suborning slave rebellions and ignoring the property rights of American citizens, ...
What was the purpose of the Treaty of 1842?
and British diplomats began negotiating a treaty to settle longstanding disputes between the United States and British North America concerning borders, use of the Great Lakes, the international slave trade, and the extradition of criminals.
When did Nelson Hackett return to Arkansas?
Governor General Charles Bagot ordered the return of Nelson Hackett to Arkansas in January 1842 absent any formal extradition agreement between the United States and the British government which controlled Canada. But in April 1842, while Hackett was still in Detroit awaiting his forced return to Arkansas, U.S. and British diplomats began negotiating a treaty to settle longstanding disputes between the United States and British North America concerning borders, use of the Great Lakes, the international slave trade, and the extradition of criminals. The negotiations were conducted in Washington, D.C., by U.S. secretary of state Daniel Webster and British diplomat Lord Ashburton amid heightened tensions over the status of fugitives from slavery that had nearly brought the two countries to war. It was not the Hackett case that inflamed matters but rather the Creole revolt.
Why was slavery acquitted?
The British court acquitted the defendants in April 1842 on the grounds that slavery was illegal and those escaping bondage had the right to use force to gain their freedom. They were then released to live as free people. The actions—first the emancipation of the 128 and then.
What was the debate about Nelson Hackett?
On October 8, 1842, members of the Canadian Legislative Assembly took up the issue of Nelson Hackett’s extradition. The debate, though, lacked focus. It was clear that the recently concluded Webster-Ashburton Treaty had changed things moving forward and that Hackett was not going to be returned to Canada. Still, the debate allowed members to vent their frustrations with Governor General Charles Bagot’s action, insisting that he did not have the authority to treat with the state of Arkansas. More importantly, the legislators enunciated a pair of principles—enslaved people cannot get fair trials in the United States and enslaved people cannot be held responsible for criminal acts—that would make extradition more difficult in the future, even under Article 10 of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
Why was Article 10 needed?
Lord Ashburton responded that Article 10 was needed to prevent the escape of common criminals and gangs across the border , a problem that was creating difficulties on both sides.
Who was the US secretary of state during the Hackett case?
The negotiations were conducted in Washington, D.C., by U.S. secretary of state Daniel Webster and British diplomat Lord Ashburton amid heightened tensions over the status of fugitives from slavery that had nearly brought the two countries to war. It was not the Hackett case that inflamed matters but rather the Creole revolt.
Which treaty did the Ojibwa secede from?
Led the Ojibwa nations along Lake Superior to secede land to the US in the Treaty of LA Pointe and then the Isle Royal Agreements.
What was the name of the dispute over the location of the Main-New Brunswick border?
It Aroostook's War, a non-violent dispute over the location of the Main-New Brunswick border.
Overview
In the West
The border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods needed clarification because the faulty Mitchell Map used in the negotiations for the Treaty of Paris was inadequate to define the border according to the terms of that treaty. Ambiguity in the map and treaty resulted in Minnesota's Arrowhead region being disputed, and previous negotiations had not resolved the question…
In the East
An arbitration of various border issues in the East before King William I of the Netherlands in 1831 had failed to yield a binding decision.
The Treaty of Paris had established the 45th parallel as part of the northern boundary of modern-day New York and Vermont. Most of that portion of the boundary had previously been surveyed in the early 1770s, but the survey line …
Other issues
Article 10 of the Webster–Ashburton Treaty identified seven crimes subject to extradition: "murder, or assault with intent to commit murder, or piracy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, or the utterance of forged paper." It did not include slave revolt or mutiny. In addition, the United States did not press for the return or extradition of an estimated 12,000 fugitive slaves who had reached Canada.
Results
As a result of the Webster–Ashburton Treaty, the United States ceded 5,000 square miles (13,000 km ) of disputed territory along the Maine border, including the Halifax–Quebec Route, but kept 7,000 square miles (18,000 km ) of the disputed wilderness. In addition, the United States received 6,500 square miles (17,000 km ) of land along the Minnesota–Canada border, which included the Mesabi …
See also
• List of treaties
• History of Canada–United States border agreements through 1908
• Timeline of United States diplomatic history
• Estcourt Station, Maine
Works cited
• Carroll, Francis M. (2001). A Good and Wise Measure: The Search for the Canadian–American Boundary, 1783–1842. University of Toronto Press.
• Grindal, Peter (2016). Opposing the Slavers. The Royal Navy's Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade (Kindle ed.). London: I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85773-938-4.
Further reading
• Carroll, Francis M. (March 1997). "The Passionate Canadians: The Historical Debate about the Eastern Canadian–American Boundary". New England Quarterly. 70 (1): 83–101. doi:10.2307/366528. JSTOR 366528.
• ——— (2001). A Good and Wise Measure: The Search for the Canadian–American Boundary, 1783–1842. University of Toronto Press. (the standard scholarly history)
Background: The 1783 Treaty of Paris
The Oregon Question
- The Oregon Question involved a dispute over territorial control and commercial use of the Pacific Northwest regions of North America between the United States, the Russian Empire, Great Britain, and Spain. By 1825, Russia and Spain had withdrawn their claims to the region as a result of international treaties. The same treaties granted Britain and the United States residual territorial …
The Aroostook War
- More of an international incident than an actual war, the 1838-1839 Aroostook War – sometimes called the Pork and Beans War – involved a dispute between the United States and Britain over the location of the border between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine. While no one was killed in the Aroostook War, Canadian officials in New Brunswick arrested so…
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
- From 1841 to 1843, during his first term as Secretary of State under President John Tyler, Daniel Webster faced several thorny foreign policy issues involving Great Britain. These included the Canadian border dispute, the involvement of American citizens in the Canadian rebellion of 1837, and the abolition of international trade of enslaved people....
The Alexander Mcleod Affair
- Shortly after the end of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, several Canadian participants fled to the United States. Along with some American adventurers, the group occupied a Canadian-owned island in the Niagara River and employed a U.S. ship, the Caroline; to bring them supplies. Canadian troops boarded the Caroline in a New York harbor, seized her cargo, killed one crewma…
International Trade of Enslaved People
- While Secretary Webster and Lord Ashburton both agreed that the international trade of enslaved people on the high seas should be banned, Webster refused to Ashburton’s demands that the British be allowed to inspect U.S. ships suspected of carrying enslaved people. Instead, he agreed that the U.S. would station warships off the coast of Africa to search suspectedships flying the …
The Case of The Ship Creole
- Though it was not specifically mentioned in the treaty, Webster-Ashburton also brought a settlement to the enslavement-related case of the Creole. In November 1841, the U.S. ship Creolewas sailing from Richmond, Virginia, to New Orleans with 135 enslaved people on board. Along the way, 128 of those enslaved escaped their chains and took over the ship killing one of t…
Sources
- “The Webster-Ashburton Treaty. August 9, 1842.”Yale Law School
- Campbell, William Edgar. “The Aroostook War of 1839.” Goose Lane Editions (2013). ISBN 0864926782, 9780864926784
- “McLeod, Alexander.”Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
- Jones, Howard. “.”The Peculiar Institution and National Honor: The Case of the Creole Slave …
- “The Webster-Ashburton Treaty. August 9, 1842.”Yale Law School
- Campbell, William Edgar. “The Aroostook War of 1839.” Goose Lane Editions (2013). ISBN 0864926782, 9780864926784
- “McLeod, Alexander.”Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
- Jones, Howard. “.”The Peculiar Institution and National Honor: The Case of the Creole Slave RevoltCivil War History, 1975.
