Functional Groups Definition and Examples
- Functional Groups Definition. A functional group or moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.
- Functional Group Examples: Examples of common functional groups include alcohol (-OH), aldehyde (-COH), and nitrile (-CN).
- Nomenclature. ...
- Source. ...
How to name functional group?
Mar 13, 2008 · Functional Groups Definition and Examples Functional Groups Definition. A functional group or moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is... Functional Group Examples:. Examples of common functional groups include alcohol (-OH), aldehyde (-COH), and nitrile... Nomenclature. The ...
How to identify functional groups?
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition. This enables systematic prediction of chemical reactions and behavior of chemical compounds and the …
What are the properties of functional groups?
Functional Groups Organic chemistry is dominated by the "functional group approach", where organic molecules are deemed to be constructed from: An inert hydrocarbon skeleton onto which functional groups (FGs) are attached or superimposed.
What are the different functional groups?
functional group, any of numerous combinations of atoms that form parts of chemical molecules, that undergo characteristic reactions themselves, and that in many cases influence the reactivity of the remainder of each molecule. In organic chemistry the concept of functional groups is useful as a basis for classification of large numbers of compounds according to their reactions.
What is a functional group in simple terms?
Definition of functional group : a characteristic reactive unit of a chemical compound especially in organic chemistry.
What is functional group example?
Functional groups are group of atoms or bonds that define the function of the hydrocarbon that they get attached to. Examples: Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic acid, Halogens, Double & Triple covalent bonds.
What is a functional group and what does it do?
A functional group is a group of atoms or bonds inside a substance that is responsible for the substance's unique chemical reactions in organic chemistry. Regardless of the chemical in which it is found, the same functional group will behave similarly and experience comparable reactions.
What is the functional group called?
Organic Compounds are classified based on the functional group present. Compounds 1 and 2, which contain a carboxylic acid group as the functional group, are called carboxylic acids. Compounds 3 and 4, which contain an aldehyde group as the functional group are called aldehydes.28 Feb 2022
What is functional group in chemistry class 10?
The atom or the group of atoms by which the characteristic reactions of organic compounds are determined, that atom or group of atoms is called the functional group.
What is functional group in chemistry class 11?
A functional group may be defined as as atom or a group of atoms present in a molecule which largely determines its chemical properties. The remaining part of a molecule mainly affects the physical properties such as melting point, boiling point , density, solubility, refractive index etc.20 Mar 2019
Is COOH a functional group?
The COOH is known as the carboxyl group. It has both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group. These groups are attached to the same carbon atom. So, it is a carboxylic acid functional group.
How do you classify functional group?
In fact, a traditional approach to the subject of organic chemistry involves the classification of compounds according to their functional groups. Thus the structural features C=C, C≡C, C=O, OH, NH2, and C≡N are the functional groups of alkenes, alkynes, carbonyl compounds, alcohols, amines, and nitriles, respectively.31 Jul 2021
How do you identify functional groups?
0:316:0910.1 Identifying functional groups (SL) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWe can see that the functional group is the alkyl group if we look at the condensed structuralMoreWe can see that the functional group is the alkyl group if we look at the condensed structural formula we can see that the carbons at the end of the molecule. Are bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Is ether a functional group?
Ethers. The ether functional group consists of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms. Ethers are good solvents for other organic compounds because of their low reactivity. They readily dissolve nonpolar molecules.9 Jun 2019
What is functional group isomerism give example?
Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different functional groups are called functional isomers and this phenomenon is termed as functional group isomerism. For example, the molecular formula C3H6O represents an aldehyde and a ketone.1 Feb 2012
What are functional groups in organic chemistry?
A functional group in organic chemistry is a collection of atoms within molecules which bind together to react in predictable ways. Examples of functional groups include the group hydroxyl, ketone, amine, and ether.
What is functional group?
Functional Groups are a “particular grouping of components in which the distinctive chemical reactions of these molecules are accountable”. Two molecules of having different sizes but the same functional groups will take part in chemical reactions that are similar or exactly the same. The presence of a functional group in a molecule implies ...
What happens when a highly electronegative functional group is attached to a less electronegative atom or molecule?
In the scenario wherein a highly electronegative functional group is attached to a less electronegative atom or molecule, a polarity arises which enables the initially nonpolar molecule to be soluble in water or other aqueous environments.
What are positively charged hydrocarbons called?
The positively charged structures are referred to as carbocations whereas the negatively charged hydrocarbons are called carbanions . 2. Haloalkanes. Haloalkanes, or alkyl halides, are the functional groups which contain a bond between a carbon atom and a halogen. The prefix used to denote a halogen is ‘halo-’.
How does functional group affect solubility?
If the functional groups of the solute and the solvent interact well, the solubility increases. For example, since sugar and water both contain the -OH (hydroxyl) group, sugar can be easily dissolved in water.
What is the first carbon atom attached to the functional group?
The first carbon atom attached to the functional group is called alpha carbon; the second, beta carbon; the third, gamma carbon, and so forth. Similarly, a functional group can be called principal, secondary, or tertiary, depending on whether it is connected to one, two , or three atoms of carbon.
What is the functional group that is bound to the central atom called?
In a coordination complex, the functional group that is bound to the central atom is said to be a ligand .
What is functional group approach in organic chemistry?
The functional group approach " works" because the properties and reaction chemistry of a particular functional group (FG) ...
Which group is a super function?
Carbonyl function. The carbonyl group is a super function because many common functional groups are based on a carbonyl, including: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, acyl (acid) chlorides, acid anhydrides. Ester. Esters have a pair of alkyl or aromatic groups attached to a carbonyl + linking oxygen function.
What is a carboxylic acid?
Carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids have an alkyl or aromatic groups attached to a hydroxy-carbonyl function. Carboxylic acids can be shown in text as: RCOOH Carboxylic acids are weak Bronsted acids and they liberate CO2 from carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. Carbonyl function.
What is an alkene?
Alkenes are electron rich reactive centres and are susceptible to electrophilic addition . trans-Alkene. trans-alkenes are 1,2-disubstituted functions with the two R, X or other groups on opposite sides of the C=C function. Due to the non-rotation of the C=C bond, cis and trans geometric isomers are not [thermally] Interconverted. cis-Alkene.
How to distinguish aldehydes from ketones?
Aldehydes can be distinguished from ketones by giving positive test results with Fehlings solution (brick red precipitate) or Tollens reagent (silver mirror). Aldehydes give red-orange precipitates with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine. Ketone. Ketones have a pair of alkyl or aromatic groups attached to a carbonyl function.
What are primary amines?
Primary amines can be shown in text as: RNH2 Primary amines are basic functions that can be protonated to the corresponding ammonium ion. Primary amines are also nucleophilic. Secondary amine. Secondary amines have a pair of alkyl or aromatic groups, and a hydrogen, attached to a nitrogen atom.
How many alkyl groups are in tertiary amines?
Tertiary amines have three alkyl or aromatic groups attached to a nitrogen atom. Tertiary amines can be shown in text as: R3N Tertiary amines are basic functions that can be protonated to the corresponding ammonium ion. Tertiary amines are also nucleophilic. Nitrile.
What is the role of functional groups in organic chemistry?
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a specific group of atoms or bonds within a compound that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that compound. The same functional group will behave in a similar fashion, by undergoing similar reactions, regardless of the compound of which it is a part.
Why are functional groups important?
Key Points. Functional groups are often used to “functionalize” a compound, affording it different physical and chemical properties than it would have in its original form. Functional groups will undergo the same type of reactions regardless of the compound of which they are a part; however, the presence of certain functional groups within close ...
What is a carbonyl group?
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group which has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. Keto-enol tautomers: There exists an equilibrium between the ketone and the enol forms, which involves a shifting of the double bond and the movement of a proton.
What is functionalization in chemical synthesis?
Functionalization refers to the addition of functional groups to a compound by chemical synthesis. Through routine synthesis methods, any kind of organic compound can be attached to the surface. In materials science, functionalization is employed ...
Why are alcohols able to hydrogen bond?
Since alcohols are able to hydrogen bond, their boiling points are higher than those of their parent molecules. Alcohols are able to participate in many chemical reactions .
How do functional groups work in organic reactions?
Functional groups play a significant role in directing and controlling organic reactions. Alkyl chains are often nonreactive, and the direction of site-specific reactions is difficult; unsaturated alkyl chains with the presence of functional groups allow for higher reactivity and specificity. Often, compounds are functionalized with specific groups for a specific chemical reaction. Functionalization refers to the addition of functional groups to a compound by chemical synthesis. Through routine synthesis methods, any kind of organic compound can be attached to the surface. In materials science, functionalization is employed to achieve desired surface properties; functional groups can also be used to covalently link functional molecules to the surfaces of chemical devices.
What is the first carbon atom that attaches to the functional group?
The first carbon atom that attaches to the functional group is referred to as the alpha carbon; the second, the beta carbon; the third, the gamma carbon, etc. Similarly, a functional group can be referred to as primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on if it is attached to one, two, or three carbon atoms.