when concrete floors are cast onto corrugated steel the steel is a

Full Answer

What's the difference between steel form decking and corrugated metal decking?

Corrugated metal decking is just another term for either steel form deck or composite floor decking. It's simply corrugated metal that's designed to have concrete poured on top of it. What’s Composite Floor Deck? Composite floor deck is a corrugated metal deck that has embossments in the flutes of the metal decking.

Is it possible to use corrugated steel plates for concrete?

5 It seems common in some commercial construction to use corrugated steel plates to form a 'deck' surface which concrete is later poured onto. The combined steel/concrete then forms a very strong floor surface. I am interested if there are any guidelines for doing a similarprocess on a residential or DIY level.

What is corrugated steel used for?

It seems common in some commercial construction to use corrugated steel plates to form a 'deck' surface which concrete is later poured onto. The combined steel/concrete then forms a very strong floor Stack Exchange Network

What is a steel channel on a concrete floor?

Steel channels will support the corrugated metal sheathing onto which the concrete flooring will be poured. Steel channels and corrugated metal sheathing The steel channels are inserted into the slots and spaced approximately 12 to 16 inches apart. Steel channels inserted into holes on brick and supported by foundation blocks

What are the two purposes that concrete in fire resistive construction services?

Interior concrete walls provide additional sound barriers and added fire-resistance.

What material is used to enclose elevators and other shafts in modern high rises?

Modern shafts may be enclosed with cast-in-place concrete, masonry, gypsum plaster, steel stud drywall or specially designed gypsum panel shaft wall systems. Cast-in-place concrete walls provide resistance against horizontal building movement in high-rise structures.

Which of the following is a reason that a heavy timber building is a conflagration breeder quizlet?

Why do testing laboratories not test heavy timber members? All of the following are reasons that a heavy timber building is a conflagration breeder, except: Tremendous amounts of heat transfer from convection currents, which can ignite exposures hundreds of feet away.

What do you need to do if you use nonpotable water in your pump during fire suppression operations?

What do you need to do if you use nonpotable water in your pump during fire suppression operations? Flush the pump out thoroughly with fresh water.

Which structure is used for high-rise building?

Rigid-frame structural system A rigid-frame system is more suitable for reinforced concrete buildings. Although this system may also be used in steel construction, the connections will be costly. However, there is the advantage of the likelihood of planning and fitting of windows due to open rectangular arrangement.

What is the minimum height of a high-rise building?

Various bodies have defined "high-rise": Emporis defines a high-rise as "A multi-story structure between 35–100 metres (115–328 ft) tall, or a building of unknown height from 12–39 floors."

Why are some features of mill construction that may not be found in heavy timber construction?

Why are some features of mill construction that may not be found in heavy timber construction? Old beams in a mill have fire cuts on their ends. They act like a lever on the exterior wall of the mill when they fall away during a fire.

What construction type is a heavy timber building group of answer choices?

Type IVType IV — Heavy Timber Framing With Type IV construction, the interior walls and framing can be heavy timber while the exterior walls can be made of non-rated materials. Timber framing differs from traditional wood-frame construction in that the beams and girders are thicker and stronger, often made of laminated wood.

Which term best describes a freestanding wall that is unsecured at the top?

246. A freestanding wall that is unsecured at the top. Cantilever wall. 246.

What are the 4 methods of fire suppression?

All fires can be extinguished by cooling, smothering, starving or by interrupting the combustion process to extinguish the fire.

What are the two types of fire suppression systems?

Two common types of fire suppression systems are engineered and pre-engineered systems. An engineered fire suppression system works by flooding an entire room with clean agent. Clean agents are gases that suppress fires without harming humans or equipment.

What is the minimum pressure for a fire sprinkler system?

7 pounds-per-square-inch➢ Fire sprinklers typically require only 7 pounds-per-square-inch (psi) to operate, which is less than the minimum required pressure for residential plumbing fixtures.

What material are elevators made of?

steel frameworkThe elevator car itself is constructed with a steel framework for durability and strength. A set of steel beams above the car, called the crosshead, span the elevator shaft from side to side and hold the pulley for the hoist cable.

What materials are used to make an elevator?

Elevator cars are most typically constructed with a steel framework. However, glass elevators are becoming more common. This outline of the manufacturing process of an elevator car will focus on the use of steel, as this remains the most common material used.

What type of metal are elevators made of?

We maintain a large inventory of the metal types most often used in elevator and escalator projects, including stainless steel, brass bronze, muntz metal, copper, and aluminum. The most common finishes include long-grain, non-directional satin, and mirror.

What is corrugated metal decking?

Corrugated metal decking is just another term for either steel form deck or composite floor decking. It's simply corrugated metal that's designed to have concrete poured on top of it.

What Is Metal Decking For Concrete?

Metal decking is a corrugated sheet metal that’s supported by steel joists or beams. Concrete is then poured on top of the metal deck and it becomes either a composite floor deck system or a steel form decking.

How much does metal decking cost?

Metal floor decking will cost $2.50 to $5 per square foot. The pricing will vary based upon the following factors: 1 Type Of Metal Deck 2 Gauge 3 Size of job

What is the advantage of composite metal decking?

The main advantage of a composite metal floor deck is that it will increase the strength of the floor without adding extra weight.

What happens if you install metal decking?

If you install the wrong type of metal decking the building can collapse. Fortunately, you don’t have to guess which metal decking to use for your concrete slab. An engineer will specify the type of metal floor decking and the correct gauge.

What is the responsibility of a metal decking engineer?

You’ll find the type of metal decking, gauge, finish, and much more. It’s not your responsibility to design the job and keep the building from collapsing. That’s the responsibility of the engineer. All you have to do is supply the correct material that was specified for the project.

How deep is a composite deck?

However, regardless of the manufacturer, the composite deck will be 1.5”, 2”, and 3” in depth.

What is continuous casting?

The process for casting or pouring concrete without interruption from start to finish is known as continuous casting. This avoids the problem of joining new construction concrete with concrete already poured. If such a joint is not properly made, __________ joints, which are planes of weakness result.

Does steel have a fire resistance rating?

Steel qualifies for a fire resistance rating if the protection system passes which ASTM standard fire test?

What is composite floor?

Composite floors consist of a concrete topping cast onto a metal deck. The topping can be light-weight or normal-weight concrete. The steel deck is a cold-formed corrugated steel sheet that spans between steel joists or beams and serves a dual purpose.

What are the openings in composite decking?

Openings in composite floor decks are a common part of any building. These openings can range from small holes for pipes and conduits to larger openings for mechanical ductwork, storm drain pipes, or a group of small holes. These openings allow contractors to install relevant building systems such as heating, ventilation, and plumbing.

How does composite decking work?

After the concrete is poured and cured, the deck acts compositely with the concrete to resist superimposed loads. Composite action is obtained by the shear bond between the concrete and the deck. The design of composite steel deck-slab systems reflects the engineering concepts used to design reinforced concrete beams. The concrete acts as the compression material and the steel deck bonded to the bottom of the concrete acts as the tension reinforcing steel. The bending capacity of the composite steel deck must be sufficient to resist out of plane gravity loads on the deck, which are typically superimposed dead and live loads in addition to the concrete and deck self-weight (Figure 4 ).

What impact does an opening have on a deck?

Openings can have a significant impact on the structural performance of decks. It is essential that all openings are examined by a professional engineer to determine their influence on the deck and whether reinforcement around the opening is needed.

Is a steel deck a form?

However, the design of the steel deck to serve as a form is usually more critical than the design of the composite floor to support superimposed floor loads. The steel deck profile and thickness need to be chosen such that the unshored span of the steel deck can support the construction loads.

Can you cut a steel deck before concrete is poured?

However, contractors may cut the opening through the steel deck before the concrete is poured ; they see this as a more straightforward installation with less labor, allowing immediate access to the openings before the concrete is poured. However, cutting out the slab before the concrete is cured can prevent the deck from properly acting as a form. The steel deck must be examined by a professional engineer to determine if additional steel elements or temporary shoring are needed.

Can a deck be a permanent formwork?

The decking not only acts as a permanent formwork to the concrete but also provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so that, when the concrete has cured, the two materials act together compositely to resist the loads on the deck. Openings in composite floor decks are a common part of any building. These openings can range ...

What is a concrete floor made of?

STEEL FIBERS! The most common concrete floor type is the ground-supported slab, also known as slab on ground or slab on grade. Second in popularity, at least in North America, comes the composite slab, a type of suspended floor made of concrete over a steel deck. The two floor types have several things in common.

What is composite slab?

A composite slab is a suspended floor that consists of concrete cast over a deck of corrugated sheet steel. The concrete doesn’t just sit on top of the steel deck, but is tightly connected to it, usually through dimples pressed into the steel.

What is a steel deck called?

The steel deck under a noncomposite slab is called a form deck , and it lacks the dimples that create composite action. I won’t say any more about non-composite slabs here, but you should know they exist. The reinforcement in composite slabs is often classified as positive or negative.

How do steel fibers work?

In ground-supported floors, fibers prevent cracking if you use enough of them. Closely spaced fibers stop micro cracks from growing into cracks you can see. This is the key to wide-slab construction with steel fibers, a method that allows slabs up to 125 feet long without intermediate joints or visible cracks. But that kind of crack prevention works only in slabs that are free to shrink. Composite slabs are never free because the steel deck restrains them. For this reason, fibers in composite slabs cannot prevent all cracking; they can only control it.

What is crack control reinforcement?

Crack-control reinforcement aims not to prevent nonstructural cracks, but to limit their width. The role of steel fibers in a composite steel-deck slab is normally confined to the third kind of reinforcement: crack-control. You don’t need steel fibers for positive reinforcement because the steel deck does that job.

How long can a steel slab be?

This is the key to wide-slab construction with steel fibers, a method that allows slabs up to 125 feet long without intermediate joints or visible cracks. But that kind of crack prevention works only in slabs that are free to shrink. Composite slabs are never free because the steel deck restrains them.

How much fiber is needed for a steel deck?

If the mesh is the minimum required by the Steel Deck Institute — 0.075% of the slab’s cross-sectional area or 6×6, W1.4xW1.4, whichever is greater — replace it with the minimum fiber dosage: 25 pcy. If the mesh is heavier than the minimum, increase the fiber dosage in proportion.

How Do They Create the Concrete Aggregate Look?

In order to create an aggregate appearance the top layer of concrete is washed away to expose the stones within the concrete.

How high should a concrete floor be for a front porch?

The concrete floor covering for the front porch will be approximately 8 feet above the ground. Because this is new construction, a walkway from the driveway to the porch steps will also be framed and poured. Finished aggregate concrete front porch floor.

How far apart are steel channels?

The steel channels are inserted into the slots and spaced approximately 12 to 16 inches apart. Once they are in position on top of the concrete block foundation, the steel sheathing is placed on top of the channels. Approximately four to six inches of concrete is then poured over the sheathing.

Can concrete be poured on steel sheathing?

Concrete being poured on steel sheathing. Once the concrete is poured it is sprayed with a surface retarder (see box below) and then is covered in plastic to help the curing process. Since this is going to be an aggregate porch floor the plastic will be removed in a short time and pressure washed to expose the aggregate stone.

What is the structural consideration for openings in composite floor decks?

Structural considerations for openings in composite floor decks perimeter beams act as the beam flanges. Detailed design guide can be found in the Steel Deck Institute Diaphragm Design Manual, SDI-DDM.

What is composite floor?

Composite floor consists of a concrete topping cast onto metal decking (Figure 3). Concrete is usually light weight or normal weight concrete, and the steel deck is a cold formed corrugated steel sheet spanning between steel joists or beams. a)

What is composite decking?

Composite slabs consist of profiled steel decking with an in-situ reinforced concrete topping. The decking not only acts as a permanent formwork to the concrete, but also provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so that, when the concrete has cured, the two materials act together compositely to resist the loads on the deck. Openings in floor decks are a common part of any building. These openings can range from small holes for pipes and conduits to large size opening for mechanical duct work, storm drain pipes or a group of small holes. These openings will allow contractors to install relevant building systems such as cold and hot water, DWV systems (Drain, Waste, Vent), high and low voltage electrical, HVAC, etc.

How long can a steel deck span?

Based on the steel deck profile and loading on the deck, the deck can span 4’ up to 16’ between beams. Most steel decks are manufactured from steel conforming to ASTM A1008/ A1008M, structural sheet for uncoated deck or ASTM A653/ A653M, structural sheet for galvanized deck. Structural steel sheets have minimum specified yield strength of 33ksi. The strength and stiffness of the panels are a result of the deck gage, shape of the ribs, and the material properties of the steel. The deck material thickness is specified either by dimensional thickness or by gage. Figure 4 shows a few common steel deck profiles and thickness. In construction, composite deck serves dual purposes. It serves as a form during the construction phase while the concrete is poured and cures. Then the decking acts compositely with the concrete to support the loads on the floor. Therefore, there are two main structural functions to be considered for the design of the composite decks: design of the steel deck as a form to support construction loads,

What are non structural considerations for firestopping?

Non-structural considerations for openings (fire stopping) The prescriptive code recognizes the critical function of the firestopping thus requiring both review and approval of plans prior to installation, and inspection of installed systems from the authority having jurisdiction or in some cases a third-party inspection firm. The inspector may ask the installer for the tested and listed system utilized to help avoid issues during the installation. The jurisdiction-approved plans will attempt to include details for all the proposed systems that could be encountered on the project based on the materials being used and the assemblies being penetrated. For floor penetrations, the potential solutions for firestop systems might be numerous and complex depending on many variables including the size of the openings, the material of the elements that go through the opening, and the specific requirements of the project design. There are numerous types of firestop materials used in firestopping systems. Over the past few years the industry has been moving towards the development of preformed firestop devices. These devices allow for easier firestop installations thus minimizing the risk of human error with more traditional methods resulting from the installation being completely dependent on the skill of the installer. Installing these preformed firestop devices allows contractors to have a more productive and accurate installation while helping inspection by minimizing the complexity of the firestopping installation. For composite decks, however, contractors have been less likely to utilize these preformed devices due to an existing conflict on how to create the openings in the floor without compromising the integrity of the deck, or the added complexity of alternative method to create and firestop the opening.

How big should an opening be for a metal deck?

Openings in the deck may be categorized by their size as small (openings up to 12”), medium (1’ to 4’), and large (over 4’) openings. Note that closely-spaced openings may need to be treated as a larger opening. The need for extra reinforcement in the slab depends on various parameters such as the size of the opening, location of the opening within span, orientation of opening within the plane of the metal deck, metal deck type, gauge, concrete depth, as well as loading criteria. Based on SDI recommendation, single small openings up to 6” do not generally need any consideration. Medium openings normally require additional rebar reinforcement to be placed in the slab. For large openings, in addition to rebar reinforcement, additional steel frame may need to be designed. In addition, one major consideration, which increases the complexity of designing openings, is whether the deck is cut before or after the concrete has cured. Contractors usually cut out the opening through the steel deck before concrete is poured to take advantage of an easier installation process and immediate access to the opening. However, cutting out the steel deck before the concrete is poured causes further challenges during the construction phase while the deck performs as a form. Cutting the deck before concrete is poured reduces the flexural capacity of the deck and can induce excessive deflection in the deck. This can lead to concrete ponding during construction with an associated increase of the dead load on the deck. Sometimes, additional steel elements or temporary shoring may be needed around a penetration to strengthen the steel

Why are composite decks so popular?

Composite floor deck construction has become very popular, because it combines structural efficiency with speed of construction to offer an economic solution for a wide range of building types including commercial, industrial, health, or residential building sectors .

Creating Openings

General Design Information

• Composite floors consist of a concrete topping cast onto a metal deck. The topping can be light-weight or normal-weight concrete. The steel deck is a cold-formed corrugated steel sheet that spans between steel joists or beams and serves a dual purpose. It serves as a form during the construction phase while the concrete is poured and cured and serv...

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Structural Considerations

Summary