when did the 1905 revolution start

Full Answer

What was the significance of the 1905 Revolution?

Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to:

• define 'revolution'
• list the events that led up to the 1905 Russian Revolution
• explain Tsar Nicholas II's role in the 1905 Russian Revolution
• discuss the aftermath of the 1905 Russian Revolution

What resulted from the Revolution of 1905?

Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy.For several years before 1905 and especially after the humiliating Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), diverse social groups demonstrated their discontent with the Russian social and political system.

How did Bloody Sunday lead to the Revolution of 1905?

On 22 January 1905, Father Gapon led a march to deliver a petition to the Tsar. Thousands of workers took part in this peaceful protest. The workers were not trying to overthrow the Tsar. This event became known as Bloody Sunday and is seen as one of the key causes of the 1905 Revolution. This is answered comprehensively here.

What did Nicholas II do after the Revolution of 1905?

The March Revolution was one of two parts of revolutions in Russia in 1917 that ended Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. After the bloodshed of 1905, Tsar Nicholas II promised the formation of a series of representative assemblies, or Dumas, to work toward reform. What are the main causes of 1905 Revolution?

What started the 1905 revolution?

The 1905 revolution was primarily spurred by the international humiliation as a result of the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, which ended in the same year. Calls for revolution were intensified by the growing realization by a variety of sectors of society of the need for reform.

What was the purpose of 1905 Revolution?

Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy.

What happened in Jan 1905 during the Russian revolution?

Bloody Sunday, Russian Krovavoye Voskresenye, (January 9 [January 22, New Style], 1905), massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905.

Why did the Russian Revolution start?

The Russian Revolution lasted from March 8, 1917, to June 16, 1923. Primary causes of the Revolution included peasant, worker, and military dissatisfaction with corruption and inefficiency within the czarist regime, and government control of the Russian Orthodox Church.

What caused the 1905 revolution essay?

The people of the country suffered greatly under the regime of the many of the Czars through reforms, incompetence and general disregard of the needs of the people. Repression and unrest with the peasants in Russia were the cause on the 1905 Russian Revolution.

Why was Bloody Sunday important in causing the 1905 Revolution?

Up to 200 people were killed by rifle fire and Cossack charges. This event became known as Bloody Sunday and is seen as one of the key causes of the 1905 Revolution. The aftermath brought about a short-lived revolution in which the Tsar lost control of large areas of Russia.

Which led to the 1905 Revolution the events in St Petersburg?

Called the Assembly of Russian Factory and Mill Workers, it was led by a Russian Orthodox priest, Father Georgy Gapon. It was this organisation that would, unwittingly, set the 1905 Revolution in motion. In late 1904, four union members at the Putilov Iron Works Plant in St Petersburg were dismissed.

Who led the Bloody Sunday?

priest Georgy Apollonovich GaponOn January 22, 1905, a group of workers led by the radical priest Georgy Apollonovich Gapon marched to the czar's Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to make their demands. Imperial forces opened fire on the demonstrators, killing and wounding hundreds.

What was the reason for the 1905 Revolution?

The 1905 revolution was spurred by the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, which ended in the same year, but also by the growing realization by a variety of sectors of society of the need for reform. Politicians such as Sergei Witte had failed to accomplish this. While the Tsar managed to keep his rule, the events foreshadowed those ...

What was the cause of the events of 1905?

The events of 1905 came after progressive and academic agitation for more political democracy and limits to Tsarist rule in Russia, and an increase in strikes by workers against employers for radical economic demands and union recognition , (especially in southern Russia). Many socialists view this as a period when the rising revolutionary movement was met with rising reactionary movements. As Rosa Luxemburg stated in 1906 in The Mass Strike, when collective strike activity was met with what is perceived as repression from an autocratic state, economic and political demands grew into and reinforced each other.

What did the liberals call for in 1904?

The banquets resulted in calls for political reforms and a constitution. In November 1904 a Zemsky Congress [ ru] ( Russian: Земский съезд) - a gathering of zemstvo delegates representing all levels of Russian society - called for a constitution, civil liberties and a parliament. On 13 December [ O.S. 30 November] 1904, the Moscow City Duma passed a resolution demanding the establishment of an elected national legislature, full freedom of the press, and freedom of religion. Similar resolutions and appeals from other city dumas and zemstvo councils followed.

What was the purpose of the crash governmental programme in the 1890s?

In the 1890s, under Finance Minister Sergei Witte, a crash governmental programme was proposed to promote industrialization. His policies included heavy government expenditures for railroad building and operations, subsidies and supporting services for private industrialists, high protective tariffs for Russian industries (especially heavy industry), an increase in exports, currency stabilization, and encouragement of foreign investments. His plan was successful and during the 1890s "Russian industrial growth averaged 8 percent per year. Railroad mileage grew from a very substantial base by 40 percent between 1892 and 1902." Ironically, Witte's success in implementing this program helped spur the 1905 revolution and eventually the 1917 revolution because it exacerbated social tensions. "Besides dangerously concentrating a proletariat, a professional and a rebellious student body in centers of political power, industrialization infuriated both these new forces and the traditional rural classes." The government policy of financing industrialization through taxing peasants forced millions of peasants to work in towns. The "peasant worker" saw his labour in the factory as the means to consolidate his family's economic position in the village and played a role in determining the social consciousness of the urban proletariat. The new concentrations and flows of peasants spread urban ideas to the countryside, breaking down isolation of peasants on communes.

What was the economic situation in Russia before the Revolution?

The economic situation in Russia before the revolution presented a grim picture. The government had experimented with laissez-faire capitalist policies, but this strategy largely failed to gain traction within the Russian economy until the 1890s. Meanwhile, "agricultural productivity stagnated, while international prices for grain dropped, and Russia’s foreign debt and need for imports grew. War and military preparations continued to consume government revenues. At the same time, the peasant taxpayers' ability to pay was strained to the utmost, leading to widespread famine in 1891."

How many workers went on strike in 1905?

By the end of January 1905, over 400,000 workers in Russian Poland were on strike (see Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907) ). Half of European Russia's industrial workers went on strike in 1905, and 93.2% in Poland. There were also strikes in Finland and the Baltic coast.

What was the name of the first Russian Revolution?

Gorlovka [ ru] Motovilikha [ ru] 1st Kronstadt [ ru] 2nd Kronstadt [ ru] Tikhoretskaya [ ru] The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.

What was the 1905 Revolution?

A spontaneous revolution. Unlike some other revolutions, the 1905 Revolution was spontaneous, uncoordinated and lacked a single guiding movement or objective. It was a series of revolutionary actions by several unconnected groups and classes, each with their own political motives and their own set of grievances.

How did the Tsar react to the events of 1905?

The tsar reacted to the events of 1905 by promising reforms – but he equivocated about what they should be. A day after the assassination of Sergei Alexandrovich, Nicholas announced that his ministers would investigate plans for a representative Duma (assembly).

What was the first major challenge to the Tsarist autocracy?

The shooting of protesting factory workers in St Petersburg in January 1905 sparked what became known as the 1905 Revolution, the 20th century’s first major challenge to tsarist autocracy. For several months, tsarism found itself under siege and under pressure to introduce liberal social and political reforms.

What was the name of the group that represented all industrial workers?

As the revolution dragged on through the summer, there were calls for a council of delegates to represent all industrial workers. This body, the St Petersburg Soviet, was formed in October 1905. It contained about 500 delegates elected by 200,000 workers in almost a hundred different factories. The Mensheviks were the dominant political group in this new body, though the Bolsheviks and SRs were also well represented.

What was the response to Bloody Sunday?

General strikes were the more immediate response to ‘Bloody Sunday’. Thousands of workers in Russian cities elected to cease work as a show of solidarity with their murdered comrades in St Petersburg. Within a month, an estimated 800,000 industrial workers were striking across Russia, around half of these in St Petersburg alone.

Who fired off a memo to Nicholas II?

The tension only eased when Sergei Witte returned in October, after finalising peace negotiations with the Japanese. He fired off a memo to Nicholas II, urging the tsar to approve the immediate election of a representative Duma.

Was the 1905 Revolution a coordinated revolution?

1. The 1905 Revolution was not a coordinated revolution with a single leader – but a fairly spontaneous series of anti-tsarist strikes, protests and actions.

What was the Russian Revolution?

The Russian Revolution was a popular uprising in the Russian Empire. It was led by people who identified as Communist and was enabled by millions of Russian citizens who were unhappy with the government.

What were the main events of the Russian Revolution?

The main events of the Russian Revolution were the Revolution of 1905 in which workers tried to achieve mild reforms but ultimately failed, the February Revolution which established a democracy in Russia, and the October Revolution which established a Communist government and abolished democracy.

What was the Duma in the October manifesto?

The October Manifesto solidified the Duma as a governing body that could represent the interests of the Russian people and initiated worker and land reforms to make the lives of Russian citizens better. Think of the Duma as the U.S. Congress but weaker. The Tsar still held a great deal of power. But even though these reforms only put minor restrictions on what the Tsar could do and how Russian citizens had to be treated, by July of 1906 Tsar Nicholas II dissolved the Duma and effectively undid everything the Russian Revolution of 1905 stood for.

Why did Vladimir Lenin want to start a Communist Revolution?

However, he lived in Switzerland and wanted to start a Communist Revolution in countries like England which had large factory worker populations. However, these Western European countries never formed very radical political parties and avoided associating too much with Communism. For this reason, Lenin and the German Empire wanted to get him back into Russia where he would be able to harness the chaotic conditions, form a Communist government, and pull Russia out of the war. The Russian military may not have been well-equipped or had high morale, but they still served as an obstacle to German victory in World War I.

What did the abolition of serfdom mean?

The abolition of serfdom meant that by the 1900s entire generations of Russians were completely landless. These people left the farmland and moved into the cities where they sought work in factories and anywhere that would hire them.

What was the Russian society like in the thirteenth century?

By the thirteenth century, Russian society firmly practiced serfdom. All land in Russia was owned by a few wealthy aristocrats and the rest of the country consisted of serfs who had to rent land from these aristocrats in order to grow their food.

When did Russia industrialize?

The Russian Empire had begun to rapidly industrialize in the late-1800s, and by 1900 appeared from the outside to be unstoppable. Miles of railroad lines had been built, factories were established, and Russia exported many of its own resources. However, most Russian citizens still farmed and the economy could not handle large-scale wars like the other European powers.

How did the Russian Revolution of 1905 affect the Russian Revolution?

The massacre sparked the Russian revolution of 1905, during which angry workers responded with a series of crippling strikes throughout the country.

When did the Russian Revolution take place?

When Was the Russian Revolution? In 1917, two revolutions swept through Russia, ending centuries of imperial rule and setting into motion political and social changes that would lead to the formation of the Soviet Union. While the two revolutionary events took place within a few short months, social unrest in Russia had been simmering for decades.

What was the impact of the Russian Revolution?

Impact of The Russian Revolution. Sources. PHOTO GALLERIES. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir ...

What happened between 1890 and 1910?

Petersburg and Moscow nearly doubled, resulting in overcrowding and destitute living conditions for a new class of Russian industrial workers.

How did the Russian Revolution affect the world?

Impact of The Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution paved the way for the rise of communism as an influential political belief system around the world. It set the stage for the rise of the Soviet Union as a world power that would go head-to-head with the United States during the Cold War.

What was Russia like in the early 1900s?

In the early 1900s, Russia was one of the most impoverished countries in Europe with an enormous peasantry and a growing minority of poor industrial workers. Much of Western Europe viewed Russia as an undeveloped, backwards society.

When did the Russian Empire abolish serfdom?

In contrast, the practice had disappeared in most of Western Europe by the end of the Middle Ages. In 1861, the Russian Empire finally abolished serfdom.

Who was the Tsar in 1905?

These are the problems that carried into 1905, but by that time, a far more incompetent Tsar, Nicholas II , was in power. Not only was Nicholas II extremely unpopular (and conservative), but he also had the underground press against him. It was the various satirical journals that were floating around, passed around, and being read by the people that truly painted an unfavorable picture of what was going on and added more kindling to the already growing fire of discontent.

What was the February Revolution?

This revolution, in the midst of WWI, forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate, and brought a government committed to some semblance of liberal democracy to power. This Provisional Government eventually came to be dominated by the Kadets, who promised to bring equal rights to all of Russia’s citizens, a parliamentary system, and a Western-style constitution. They also promised to honor Russia’s obligation to the western Allies, and remain in the war. The February Revolution, in my opinion, was not a mistake. Russia was not going to modernize under the autocratic Tsarist system ( Sergei Witte certainly tried, but was unsuccessful for the most part), and, at that point, revolution was likely the only solution. Communists, of all stripes, would agree with me, however, they would also argue that the February Revolution didn’t go far enough. On the flip side, monarchists would strongly disagree for obvious reasons.

What was the second revolution in Russia?

This second revolution brought the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, to power. The Bolsheviks initially believed that Russia would be able to achieve communism (collective ownership of all property) as a result of this revolution. Indeed, following their victory, the Bolsheviks abolished money, abolished most private property, and nationalized Russian banks. These reforms would be rolled back and tinkered with, and would successively be replaced by the NEP, Stalinism, and finally a modified version of Marxism–Leninism.

What was the greatest mistake of the February Revolution?

The greatest mistake of the February Revolution was remaining in the war. The Kadets were unable to see that the very thing which brought them to power (war-related hardship) would ultimately destroy the Provisional Government.

What was the Czar's disdain for industrialists?

At an age when most of Europe had industrialized, Russia had yet to really join the party -And the Czar’s disdain for industrialists had a lot to do with it . This led many of them to discreetly fund radical groups, and played a part in the disastrous situation re ammunition during the war - Restrictions on how much money armament makers could make dis-incentivized many of them.

Who dominated the Revolution?

The revolution we know today as the affair dominated by Lenin and the Bolsheviks - Was just a post-script to the real revolution, the one that actually toppled the Czar a few months before.

Which front had a stalemate?

The Western front had largely ground to a stalemate, but there was much better news on the Eastern one, with German and Hapsburg troops holding most of Ukraine against Russ

Overview

Start of the revolution

Causes

Rise of the opposition

Height of the Revolution

Results

Rise of political violence

Ivanovo Soviet