What is the difference between Paleo and archaic?
Paleo 10000 to 8000 BC Nomadic; nonpermanent dwellings Large animals, berries, nuts Stone tools (spearheads) Answers may vary. -Paleo means ancient in Greek.-Lived in groups of 25-30.-Covered shelters with animal hides and bark. Archaic 8000 to 1000 BC 1st permanent settlements but moved seasonally in search of food Smaller game (deer, rabbits ...
When did the prehistoric period start and end?
When did the prehistoric period start and end? The Prehistoric Period—or when there was human life before records documented human activity—roughly dates from 2.5 million years ago to 1,200 B.C. It is generally categorized in three archaeological periods: the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.
When were the Triassic and Cretaceous periods?
Triassic Period (252.17 to 201.3 million years ago): Dinosaurs begin to appear, having evolved from reptiles called Archosaurs. Jurassic Period (201.3 – 145 million years ago): Dinosaurs become the dominant land vertebrates. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 million years ago): Dinosaurs continue to thrive and diversify.
When did the Stone Age period take place?
The Stone Age is the longest period of human history, lasting from 2.6 million years ago to about 5,000 years ago. The changes that took place in this period were profound.
What is the Archaic period?
The Archaic period in the Southwest begins with the end of the Paleoindian period and ends with the adoption of agriculture in the north and the advent of pottery in the south.
What is the early archaic period in the Southwest?
A very basic chronology for the Archaic in the Southwest is the Early (8,500 B.C. – 4,000 B. C.), Middle (4,000 B.C. – 2,000 B.C.), and Late (2,000 – as late as A.D. 500) scheme. Early Archaic sites are rare but present in the Southwest, including sites like Ventana Cave, where the transition from Paleoindian to Archaic is visible in the cave strata. The Middle Archaic in the Southwest is underrepresented, perhaps as a result of a period of prolonged aridity in the Southwest. The Late Archaic, however, features a vast increase in human presence in the Southwest, with sites often containing abundant artifacts and trash deposits indicative of greater sedentism associated with an increased reliance on plant foods.
What are the archaic traditions of the Southwest?
The Archaic in the Southwest includes several subregional spatial divisions that might signify broad territories within which people interacted, shared information, and chose partners. These traditions include the San Dieguito-Pinto Tradition, marked by Gypsum and Pinto projectile points in the western portion of the Southwest; the Oshara Tradition, marked by Jay, Bajada, and San Jose style points in the north; the Cochise Tradition with Chiricahua, Cortaro, San Pedro, and Cienega style points in the south; and in the southeast, the Chihuahua Tradition, which includes points similar in style to those of the Oshara and San Dieguito-Pinto traditions.
Where did agriculture begin?
The transition from the Late Archaic to Early Agricultural Period in the Southwest varies by location. On the Colorado Plateau, the earliest farmers were the Basketmakers, and in the southern deserts, agriculture began during the San Pedro phase of the Cochise culture.
When was agriculture first introduced in the Southwest?
The earliest dates for agriculture in the Southwest have now been pushed back as early as 2,000 B.C. , with irrigation systems present by 1,000 B.C. even in the north. The Early Agricultural Period was a critical threshold in the archaeology of the Southwest.
What is the Archaic period?
Archaic period, in history and archaeology, the earliest phases of a culture; the term is most frequently used by art historians to denote the period of artistic development in Greece from about 650 to 480 bc, the date of the Persian sack of Athens. During the Archaic period, Greek art became less rigidly stylized ...
What was the art style of the Archaic period?
During the Archaic period, Greek art became less rigidly stylized and more naturalistic. Paintings on vases evolved from geometric designs to representations of human figures, often illustrating epic tales. In sculpture, faces were animated with the characteristic “Archaic smile,” and bodies were rendered with a growing attention to human proportion and anatomy. The development of the Doric and Ionic orders of architecture in the Archaic period also reflected a growing concern with harmonious architectural proportions.
What is the Greek Archaic Period?
Definition. The Greek Archaic Period (c. 800- 479 BCE) started from what can only be termed uncertainty, and ended with the Persians being ejected from Greece for good after the battles of Plataea and Mykale in 479 BCE. The Archaic Period is preceded by the Greek Dark Age (c.1200- 800 BCE), a period about which little is known for sure, ...
Why is the Archaic Period important?
The Archaic Period is, therefore, a highly important time period in its own right, but is also highly important in putting the events of the Classical Period into context. However, this definition only covers some of the many events and developments, and covers some of them only briefly: the Archaic Period is perhaps the richest and most complicated in Greek history.
What was the first temple in Greece?
The Corcyra Artemision (c. 580/ 70 BCE) was the first Greek temple to have a stone entablature and the Temple of Apollo (c. 580-550 BCE) at Syracuse is now known as the Cathedral of Syracuse, being the longest continually lasting single building to remain consecrated ground, in this case, since its Archaic origins. The age of tyrants can also be witnessed in one particular temple, in this case, not relating to Athens' tyrants, but to Samos', namely Polykrates (c.540- 520 BCE) who commissioned the fourth stage Heraion at Samos. Greece's developing international realtionships can be witnessesed in this was too, with King Croeus dedicating a column of the Temple of Artemis and Ephesus; and it still bears his mark to this day.
What were the major changes in the Archaic period?
In the Archaic Period there were vast changes in Greek language, society, art, architecture, and politics. These changes occurred due to the increasing population of Greece and its increasing amount trade, which in turn led to colonization and a new age of intellectual ideas, the most important of which (at least to the modern Western World) was Democracy. This would then fuel, in a rather circular way, more cultural changes.
How were the tribes formed?
The tribes were formed by a collection of demes (similar to an English Parish; small localities of residence) which were themselves placed into one of thirty trittyes, ' thirds' (three per tribe); a deme would be in either one of three regions depending on its location: the coast, the city, or the inland.
What were the changes in Greek culture during the Archaic period?
In the Archaic Period there were vast changes in Greek language, society, art, architecture, and politics.
What were the most important events of the Archaic period?
The Persian Wars , perhaps the most influential set of events in the Archaic period, which couldn't possibly be given justice to here, started with the Ionian revolt of Greek colonies and settlements in Asia Minor from the Persian Empire which prompted Darius I 's retaliation to invade Greece, which failed at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. This was later avenged by the second invasion of Greece by Xerxes, who was finally expelled with the combined victories at Plataea and Mykale, though only after the equally as famous battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. Salamis was won by the fleet that Themistocles had persuaded the Athenians to build from the silver mines at Laurium, and this silver would continue to be vitally important into the Classical Period.
What is the early archaic period?
The Early Archaic period was defined on the basis of chipped stone projectile point technology and styles. This time period is associated with the final glacial retreat on the North American continent and an environment similar to that found in the Southeast today.
What are some examples of early archaic sites?
Excavations at stratified Early Archaic sites near permanent water sources or along rivers have produced corner, basal, and some side-notched points, such as the Taylor, Big Sandy, and Bolen points. Palmer, Kirk, and LeCroy points, which are found throughout the south-eastern United States, demonstrate the experimentation with basal structures that dominated this period. Other points, such as St. Albans, Kessell, and Kanawah, have a limited southeastern geographical distribution. It is this introduction of new point types that differentiates the Early Archaic period from the preceding Late Paleoindian subperiod.
What tools were used in the early archaic?
The range of lithic tools included knives, perforators, drills, choppers, flake knives and scrapers, gouges, and hammerstones. In addition, wet sites, such as the Windover Site near present-day Titusville, Florida, which produced exceptionally well preserved organic materials, have enlarged this inventory to include: bone points, atlatl hooks, barbed points, fish hooks, and pins; shell adzes; wooden stakes and canoes; and fragments of cloth and woven bags. This new information on the Early Archaic has contributed to a view of a residentially stable hunting and gathering band society that seasonally occupied base camps along major water courses and exploited lithic and food resources within individual stream drainages.
