Who initially proposed the Equal Rights Amendment?
Originally introduced by Representative Daniel Read Anthony, Jr., as H.J. Res. 75, the amendment languished for nearly 50 years, despite variations being considered in almost every Congress following its introduction.
What was true of the Equal Rights Amendment proposed in 1972?
In 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment, designed to guarantee protection against sexual discrimination for women under the law, passed both houses of Congress and was sent to the individual states for ratification.
When was the Equal Rights Amendment passed 1920?
Between 1878, when the amendment was first introduced in Congress, and August 18, 1920, when it was ratified, champions of voting rights for women worked tirelessly, but strategies for achieving their goal varied.
Why did the Equal Rights Amendment of 1972 Fail?
However, during the mid-1970s, a conservative backlash against feminism eroded support for the Equal Rights Amendment, which ultimately failed to achieve ratification by the a requisite 38, or three-fourths, of the states, by the deadline set by Congress.
Who stopped the Equal Rights Amendment?
Phyllis Schlafly was perhaps the most visible opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment. Her "Stop ERA" campaign hinged on the belief that the ERA would eliminate laws designed to protect women and led to the eventual defeat of the amendment.
When did women's equal rights start?
Women's Rights and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Why did the Equal Rights Amendment of 1923 Fail?
The equality rhetoric of the ERA and its proponents could not overcome the fears engendered by the campaign against its ratification. The sight of traditional women vocalizing their opposition to the amendment altered the political dynamic in enough states to cause the ERA's failure.
Who was the first to propose everyone is equal before the law?
In Modern times the rule of law was propounded by the Albert Dicey, a British jurist and Philosopher. He gave following three postulates of rule of law: 1. Everyone is equal before the law. 2.
What was the final outcome of the Equal Rights Amendment passed by Congress in 1972 quizlet?
5. What was the final outcome of the Equal Rights Amendment passed by Congress in 1972? It was not ratified by the required number of states and therefore did not become part of the Constitution.
What did the Equal Rights Amendment accomplish?
The ERA is a constitutional amendment which would prohibit denying or abridging equal rights under law by the United States or any state on account of sex.
What happened to the Equal Rights Amendment ERA quizlet?
In 1978, a joint resolution of Congress extended the ratification deadline to June 30, 1982, but no further states ratified the amendment and it died. Several organizations continue to work for the adoption of the ERA.
What was the primary goal of the failed Equal Rights Amendment quizlet?
This amendment proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex." After winning the right to vote, women needed equal access to employment, education, and all other opportunities or citizens. The amendment offered a guarantee of women's freedom in the public sphere.
Overview
Actions in the state legislatures
On March 22, 1972, the ERA was placed before the state legislatures, with a seven-year deadline to acquire ratification by three-fourths (38) of the state legislatures. A majority of states ratified the proposed constitutional amendment within a year. Hawaii became the first state to ratify the ERA, which it did on the same day the amendment was approved by Congress: The U.S. Se…
Resolution text
The resolution, "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women", reads, in part:
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all in…
Background
On September 25, 1921, the National Woman's Party announced its plans to campaign for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to guarantee women equal rights with men. The text of the proposed amendment read:
Section 1. No political, civil, or legal disabilities or inequalities on account of sex or on account of marriage, unless applying equally to both sexes, shall exist wi…
On September 25, 1921, the National Woman's Party announced its plans to campaign for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to guarantee women equal rights with men. The text of the proposed amendment read:
Section 1. No political, civil, or legal disabilities or inequalities on account of sex or on account of marriage, unless applying equally to both sexes, shall exist wi…
Congressional passage
In February 1970, NOW picketed the United States Senate, a subcommittee of which was holding hearings on a constitutional amendment to lower the voting age to 18. NOW disrupted the hearings and demanded a hearing on the Equal Rights Amendment and won a meeting with senators to discuss the ERA. That August, over 20,000 American women held a nationwide Women's Strike for Eq…
Congressional extension of ratification deadline
The original joint resolution (H.J.Res. 208), by which the 92nd Congress proposed the amendment to the states, was prefaced by the following resolving clause:
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein)…
Lawsuit regarding deadline extension
On December 23, 1981, a federal district court, in the case of Idaho v. Freeman, ruled that the extension of the ERA ratification deadline to June 30, 1982 was not valid, and that ERA had actually expired from state legislative consideration more than two years earlier on the original expiration date of March 22, 1979. On January 25, 1982, however, the U.S. Supreme Court stayed the lower court's decision.
Lawsuits regarding ratification
On December 16, 2019, the states of Alabama, Louisiana and South Dakota sued to prevent further ratifying of the Equal Rights Amendment. Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall stated, "The people had seven years to consider the ERA, and they rejected it. To sneak it into the Constitution through this illegal process would undermine the very basis for our constitutional order."