What is the Green Revolution and what are its significance?
The method of green revolution focused on three basic elements, that are:
- Using seeds with improved genetics (High Yielding Variety seeds).
- Double cropping in the existing farmland and,
- The continuing expansion of farming areas
Where did the Green Revolution begin?
Where did the green revolution begin? The Green Revolution began in Mexico during the 1940's by research establishments such as Rockefeller foundation and The Mexican Agriculture Program now known as CIMMYT. The initial reason for Green Revolution was Mexico's desire to become well and truly self sufficient.
Who did the Green Revolution most benefit?
Who did the Green Revolution most benefit? Benefits of the Green Revolution One person who is famous for his involvement in the Green Revolution is the scientist Norman Borlaug. In the 1940s, Norman Borlaug developed a strain of wheat that could resist diseases, was short, which reduced damage by wind, and could produce large seed heads and high yields.
What impact did the Green Revolution have on the environment?
What are the main effects of Green Revolution on Environment explain? But Green revolution has some adverse impact on environment in forms of deforestation, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, increase in greenhouse gas emissions etc. For example, before the revolution, it is speculated that there were over 3000 variants of rice.
When did the Green Revolution Starts?
The Green Revolution started in the year 1965. It was the first time when High Yield Variety seeds were introduced in Indian Agriculture. The main aim of Green Revolution was to make India self- sufficient when it came to food grains.
When did the Green Revolution start and where?
The Green Revolution in India was first introduced in Punjab in the late 1966-67 as part of a development program issued by international donor agencies and the Government of India.
Why did the green revolution happen?
The application of concentrated nitrogen to farm fields increased production even over the yields that had been achieved using guano and nitrate, causing a global explosion of crop yields known as the Green Revolution.
Who started Green Revolution and why?
The Green Revolution was an endeavour initiated by Norman Borlaug in the 1960s. He is known as the 'Father of Green Revolution' in world. It led to him winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his work in developing High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of wheat.
Who started the Green Revolution?
Norman BorlaugNorman Borlaug, who was the originator of what was a dwarf wheat variety in Mexico, is considered the godfather of the Green Revolution. The varieties of wheat that he developed there became a model for what could be done in other staple crops around the world.
Was the green revolution successful?
After the green revolution, the production of cereal crops tripled with only a 30% increase in the land area cultivated. This came true all over the world, with a few exceptions. In addition, there were significant impacts on poverty reduction and lower food prices.
Is Green Revolution Good or bad?
The Green Revolution has also been widely criticized for causing environmental damage. Excessive and inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides has polluted waterways, poisoned agricultural workers, and killed beneficial insects and other wildlife.
How was Green Revolution achieved?
Much of the success was caused by the combination of high rates of investment in crop research, infrastructure, and market development and appropriate policy support that took place during the first Green Revolution (GR).
What was the first Green Revolution?
The 1960s marked a turning point for agriculture in Asia: that's when plant breeders launched a "green revolution" in rice production, selecting variants of a single gene that boosted yields across the continent.
What is Green Revolution short answer?
Green Revolution is associated with agricultural production. It is the period when agriculture of the country was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and techniques like the use of high yielding variety seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers.
What was the Green Revolution of the 1960s?
The Green Revolution was initiated in the 1960's to address the issue of malnutrition in the developing world. The technology of the Green Revolution involved bio-engineered seeds that worked in conjunction with chemical fertilizers and heavy irrigation to increase crop yields.
What happened during the Green Revolution?
The green revolution led to high productivity of crops through adapted measures, such as (1) increased area under farming, (2) double-cropping, which includes planting two crops rather than one, annually, (3) adoption of HYV of seeds, (4) highly increased use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, (5) improved ...
What was the Green Revolution?
The term Green Revolution refers to the renovation of agricultural practices beginning in Mexico in the 1940s. Because of its success in producing more agricultural products there, Green Revolution technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s, significantly increasing the number of calories produced per acre of agriculture.
When did the Green Revolution spread?
Due to the success of the Green Revolution in Mexico, its technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s. The United States, for instance, imported about half of its wheat in the 1940s but after using Green Revolution technologies, it became self-sufficient in the 1950s and became an exporter by the 1960s.
How did fertilizers affect the Green Revolution?
Since fertilizers are largely what made the Green Revolution possible, they forever changed agricultural practices because the high yield varieties developed during this time cannot grow successfully without the help of fertilizers.
What were the crops that were developed during the Green Revolution?
The crops developed during the Green Revolution were high yield varieties - meaning they were domesticated plants bred specifically to respond to fertilizers and produce an increased amount of grain per acre planted.
What was the name of the research institute that helped Mexico in the Green Revolution?
In 1963 with the help of this funding, Mexico formed an international research institution called The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center . Countries all over the world, in turn, benefited from the Green Revolution work conducted by Borlaug and this research institution.
What did the Rockefeller Foundation do to help the Green Revolution?
In order to continue using Green Revolution technologies to produce more food for a growing population worldwide, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation, as well as many government agencies around the world funded increased research. In 1963 with the help of this funding, Mexico formed an international research institution called The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center .
How did the Green Revolution affect food production?
Finally, the use of Green Revolution technologies exponentially increased the amount of food production worldwide. Places like India and China that once feared famine have not experienced it since implementing the use of IR8 rice and other food varieties.
Where did the green revolution start?
Green revolution technologies in India were originally introduced in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh (UP). These states are part of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), where Punjab and Haryana fall in Trans IGP and western UP in the middle and upper IGP (Fig. 6.3 ). These plains are believed to be formed by alluvium brought from the Himalayas by the Indus and Ganges river systems about 7000 years ago ( Pal et al., 2009 ). The soils in the region are generally deep alluvium, sandy loam to loam in texture, alkaline in reaction, and poor in organic matter content. In pre-green revolution period, rice cultivation in this region was limited to a small area that too mostly aromatic basmati variety with productive potential of about 1 t ha −1 ( Kumar and Nagarajan, 2004 ). With the ushering of green revolution, rice–wheat emerged as the major cropping system in this region.
How did the Green Revolution help the world?
The Green Revolution played a major role in providing food for an exponentially growing world population . Norman Borlaug and co-workers developed dwarf wheat strains while working at CIMMYT (The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) in Mexico during the 1950s and 1960s. Dwarf strains have a high Harvest Index, which means that they put more of their energy resources into seeds rather than leaves, stems, and other plant structures. More importantly, these plants proved to be more responsive to fertilizer than standard wheat varieties.
How did capitalism help the Green Revolution?
Capitalism, as championed by the United States, saw progress as being achieved through the transfer of science and technology. In this case, traditional agriculture would be transformed by the adoption of a new, imported technology, forming the basis of the Green Revolution.
What were the consequences of the Green Revolution?
The political consequences of the Green Revolution were seen, particularly by the United States, to be very important as a solution to food shortages and famine in Asia in particular, and therefore a bulwark to the spread of socialism in that continent at the height of the Cold War.
When did Mexico become self-sufficient in wheat?
By the late 1950s Mexico had become self-sufficient in wheat. These new varieties were adopted by countries such as India and Pakistan who doubled their wheat yields by 1968. New dwarf varieties of corn and rice were also developed. We now know in all cases the same gene had been modified by breeding. This suggests that using biotechnological methods to find and alter key genes responsible for agriculturally valuable agronomic traits would lead to beneficial changes across multiple species.
What was the Green Revolution?
Rating: 5. ( 1) The Green revolution was an agricultural reform which increased the production of crops world wide between 1950 up till the late 1960s. It includes the use of high-end techniques and technologies along with good quality raw material to enhance the production of crops. The advent to this technology changed global agriculture ...
Which country started the Green Revolution?
Mexico was the first country that started Green Revolution.
What are the Drawbacks of Green Revolution?
Even after being recognized as one of the most significant developments in the agricultural sector across the globe, Green Revolution too had some drawbacks. Mentioned below are the drawbacks of this Revolution in India.
Why did the Green Revolution use inland irrigation?
Green Revolution initiated the use of an inland irrigation system as the country cannot depend only on monsoon for their water needs.
How did the Green Revolution help people?
Employment: As the scheme involved transportation, irrigation, food processing, marketing and various other opportunities; Green Revolution helped people combat unemployment. Relief to the Farmers: The miserable conditions of farmers due to depletion of the agricultural sector was no longer the same.
What were the key ways to establish the Green Revolution?
Science and technology were the crucial ways to establish the Green Revolution.
When did the Green Revolution start in India?
Swaminathan, the Indian government launched the Green Revolution that lasted from 1967- 1978. Credits – BW Businessworld.
Where did the green revolution start?
The green revolution started in India with the introduction of many modern methods of farming like tractors, pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation facilities, and the use of HYV (high yielding variety) crops.
What is the Green Revolution?
The dictionary meaning of green revolution is the use of methods and tools like fertilizers, pesticides, high-yielding varieties of crops in developing countries to dramatically increase the production of crops like rice, wheat, etc. Green revolution calls for the use of better management techniques as well.
Who Introduced the Green Revolution in India?
As a part of the larger initiative by Norman Borlaug, M S Swaminathan founded the Green revolution in India. Mankombu Swaminathan (born on the 7th August 1925) is an Indian geneticist and the founder of the M S Swaminathan research foundation which aims at eradicating hunger and poverty from the world. M S Swaminathan was the one to introduce and develop high-yielding varieties of wheat in India.
Why did the green revolutions cause a surge in demand for labour force?
There was a surge in demand for labour force due to the use of fertilizers and multiple cropping. As per reports, more than 15 lakhs poor people from states like Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh found work in Punjab when the green revolutions started.
What crops were benefitted by the Green Revolution?
The wheat crops got maximum benefit from the green revolution in India. Between 1967-68 the production of wheat crops grew more than three times. There was also an overall increase in agricultural produce, especially food grains. The green revolution was then aimed at the grain revolution after 1967.
Why did India start the green revolution?
Even after independence, the food shortage in India continued to have its impact from time to time. These past experiences and recurring food challenges were the primary reason to start the green revolution in India. Soil fertility started degrading due to repetitive cropping patterns.
How did the Green Revolution benefit farmers?
It brought prosperity to farmers as increased crop production gave them more earnings. Farmers with more than 10 hectares of land benefitted the most from the green revolution.
Why was the Green Revolution questioned?
Over time, however, the techniques and policies of the Green Revolution were questioned as they led to inequality and environmental degradation.
How did the Green Revolution affect agriculture?
Fertilizers and pesticid es polluted soil, air, and water far beyond the agricultural lands themselves, including the world’s oceans . The Green Revolution transformed not only the farming system, but local foodways and culture as farmers swapped traditional seeds and growing practices for the new varieties of corn, wheat, ...
How can we increase the sustainability of the gene revolution?
Some support making tweaks to the current “gene” revolution to increase its sustainability: biotechnology, the genetic modification of plants and beneficial microbes to increase yields without consuming more land, reduce pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and design plants more resilient to climate impacts. 12
Why is the Cerrado Savanna considered a wasteland?
In Brazil, the vast Cerrado savanna region had been regarded as a wasteland due to its acidic soil, but by fortifying the soil with lime, researchers discovered it could be quite productive for growing commodity crops.
What Is the Green Revolution?
In the mid- and late-20th century a revolution occurred that dramatically changed the field of agriculture, and this revolution was known as the Green Revolution.
How did the Green Revolution help the economy?
In addition to producing larger quantities of food, the Green Revolution was also beneficial because it made it possible to grow more crops on roughly the same amount of land with a similar amount of effort . This reduced production costs and also resulted in cheaper prices for food in the market.
How did the Green Revolution affect the environment?
Although the Green Revolution had several benefits, there were also some issues associated with this period that affected both the environment and society. The use of chemical fertilizers and synthetic herbicides and pesticides dramatically influenced the environment by increasing pollution and erosion. The new materials added to the soil and plants polluted the soil and water systems around the fields. The pollution of the water exposed people and the environment downstream to the chemicals being used in the farm fields. The pollution of the soil resulted in lower soil quality, which increased the risk of erosion of the topsoil.
What were the effects of the newly developed synthetic herbicides and pesticides?
The newly developed synthetic herbicides and pesticides controlled weeds, deterred or kill insects, and prevented diseases , which also resulted in higher productivity. In addition to the chemical advances utilized during this time period, high-yield crops were also developed and introduced.
How did the environment affect the growth of plants?
In addition to pollution, the environment was also influenced by the large irrigation systems that were required to sustain the growth of the plants. The large amount of water required put pressure on the natural water reserves and resulted in water shortages and droughts.
Who was the scientist who helped create the Green Revolution?
One person who is famous for his involvement in the Green Revolution is the scientist Norman Borlaug. In the 1940s, Norman Borlaug developed a strain of wheat that could resist diseases, was short, which reduced damage by wind, and could produce large seed heads and high yields.
Is the Green Revolution a temporary solution?
Although the Green Revolution has been successful in producing more food, it is only a temporary solution. Some scientists are calling for a second Green Revolution, and are referring to it as the Doubly Green Revolution. In this revolution, they want to develop new technologies and agricultural methods that will increase overall production, but will also conserve natural resources and limit the effects on the environment. By developing new technologies that are more sustainable, it may be possible to provide food for the ever-increasing population without destroying the environment.
History and Development of The Green Revolution
Plant Technologies of The Green Revolution
- The crops developed during the Green Revolution were high yield varieties - meaning they were domesticated plantsbred specifically to respond to fertilizers and produce an increased amount of grain per acre planted. The terms often used with these plants that make them successful are harvest index, photosynthate allocation, and insensitivity to day length. The harvest index refers …
Impacts of The Green Revolution
- Since fertilizers are largely what made the Green Revolution possible, they forever changed agricultural practices because the high yield varieties developed during this time cannot grow successfully without the help of fertilizers. Irrigation also played a large role in the Green Revolution and this forever changed the areas where various crops can be grown. For instance, …
Criticism of The Green Revolution
- Along with the benefits gained from the Green Revolution, there have been several criticisms. The first is that the increased amount of food production has led to overpopulation worldwide. The second major criticism is that places like Africa have not significantly benefited from the Green Revolution. The major problems surrounding the use of these technologies here though are a lac…