Langer’s lines or clevage lines are the lines on the surface of skin which are caused due to the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis. They run longitudinally in the limbs and circumfrentially in the neck and trunk.
What are cleavage lines in the skin?
Skin tension lines, also known as Langer's lines or lines of cleavage, are linear clefts in the skin that indicate the direction of orientation of the underlying collagen fibers. If the skin is disrupted parallel to the long axis of the fibers, the wound tends to reapproximate.
What are lines of cleavage and why are they important?
Langer's lines, which are sometimes referred to as the skin cleavage lines, are a series of lines drawn topographically across the human body. They correspond to the natural orientation of collagen fibres in the dermis and usually lie parallel to underlying muscle fibres.
What fibers determine lines of cleavage?
The morphology of cleavage lines were considered most influenced by collagen fibers in the epidermal reticular layers from their shallow layers immediately below the papillary layers to the layer where sebaceous and sweat glands existed.
Where are Langers lines?
Langer's lines are lines of tension in the dermis, which affect healing after surgical incision. Cuts across the lines tend to pull apart, with concommitant tendency toward tissue distortion and scarring, more so than do cuts parallel to the lines.
How do you find cleavage?
To determine the angle of cleavage, look at the intersection of cleavage planes. Commonly, cleavage planes will intersect at 60°, 90° (right angles), or 120°. Be cautious when you see a flat surface on a mineral – not every flat surface is a cleavage plane.
What are the 5 types of cleavage?
Types of cleavageDeterminate.Indeterminate.Holoblastic.Meroblastic.
What makes fingerprints and cleavage lines?
The papillary layer is composed of a thin layer of collagen, which creates the ridges and grooves that produce fingerprints.
Why are there lines in skin?
Facial movements and expressions, such as squinting or smiling, lead to fine lines and wrinkles. Each time you use a facial muscle, a groove forms beneath the surface of the skin. And as skin ages, it loses its flexibility and is no longer able to spring back in place.
Where capillary loops are found?
In most areas of the fingers, the nutritional capillary loops are oriented at 90° to the skin surface. Only the tips of the capillary loops can be observed. Usually, there are one to three capillaries in each dermal papilla. The capillary loops become more parallel to the skin surface in the nailfold areas.
Why is it important to use Langer lines in surgery?
Introduction: Langer's Lines are frequently mentioned in textbooks and among surgeons. The direction of these lines are purported to be ideal for skin incisions in order for minimal tension across the wound, and result in a scar which fades amongst the natural creases on a patients face.
How do I get rid of cleavage lines?
Deep-moisturizing or plumping masks help to improve the hydration levels of skin on the chest and can work to smoothen and mask fine lines while preventing further wrinkles. Retinoid creams can also help to boost natural collagen levels, fending off fine lines and wrinkles.
Can you see Langers lines?
In other areas of the body Langer's lines are visible or can easily be seen by compressing the skin. On the scalp Langer's lines are not obvious due to the presence of hair and thickness of the skin. In hair restoration surgery, Langer's lines are violated routinely.
What is the significance of cleavage?
After fertilization, the development of a multicellular organism proceeds by a process called cleavage, a series of mitotic divisions whereby the enormous volume of egg cytoplasm is divided into numerous smaller, nucleated cells. These cleavage-stage cells are called blastomeres.
What are the 4 types of cleavage?
2. Planes of Cleavage:The planes of division are:a. Meridional plane of cleavage: ... b. Vertical plane of cleavage: ... c. Equatorial plane of cleavage: ... d. Latitudinal plane of cleavage: ... Different types of cleavage encountered in different eggs are catalogued below: ADVERTISEMENTS:a. ... It may be:More items...
What is cleavage and types of cleavage?
• Cleavage, a series of mitotic divisions whereby the enormous. volume of egg cytoplasm is divided into numerous smaller, nucleated cells. • These cleavage-stage cells are called blastomeres. • In most species the rate of cell division and the placement of the.
What is cleavage with example?
If bonds in certain directions are weaker than others, the crystal will tend to split along the weakly bonded planes. These flat breaks are termed "cleavage." The classic example of cleavage is mica, which cleaves in a single direction along the basal pinacoid, making the layers seem like pages in a book.
Why do Langer's lines run longitudinally?
Langer’s lines or clevage lines are the lines on the surface of skin which are caused due to the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis. They run longitudinally in the limbs and circumfrentially in the neck and trunk. Incisions made along or parallel to the Langer’s lines will severe fewer fibers as a result the healing is faster and the scar formation is minimal.
What is the area of skin supplied by a single segment of spinal nerve called?
The area of skin supplied by a single segment of spinal nerve is called dermatome. Knowledge of dermatomes is essential to carry out neurological examination. Touching (using a cotton) skin in a particular dermatome in conscious patient can be used to localize injury to a specific spinal nerve or specific spinal segment.
What are the layers of the dermis?
The dermis is composed of two layer – papillary layer (superficial layer) and reticular layer (deeper layer).
Which layer of skin contains bundles of collagen fibers that run in parallel rows?
The reticular layer of dermis of skin contains bundles of collagen fibers which run in parallel rows. The direction of bundles of collagen fibers are responsible for cleavage/Langer’s line which run longitudinally in the limbs and circumfrentially in the neck and trunk. Incisions made parallel to cleave lines will cut fewer collagen fibers. As a result the wound heals faster and does not lead to formation of ugly scar.
Which layer of connective tissue is characterized by dense irregular connective tissue containing larger blood vessels, nerve endings?
Reticular layer – consists of dense irregular connective tissue containing larger blood vessels,nerve endings, lymphatics, and epidermal appendages, elastic and collagen fibers that are arranged in layers parallel to the surface. Direction of the collagen fibers produces clevage/Langer lines.
Is the epidermis avascular or avascular?
Epidermis is made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, therefore like all epithelia, it is avascular.
What are Langer lines?
Anatomical terminology. Langer's lines, Langer lines of skin tension, or sometimes called cleavage lines, are topological lines drawn on a map of the human body. They are parallel to the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis, and perpendicular to the underlying muscle fibers. Langer's lines have relevance to forensic science and ...
How does Kraissl's skin map differ from Langer's?
Kraissl's lines differ from Langer's lines in that while Langer's lines were defined in cadavers, Kraissl's lines have been defined in living individuals. Also, the method used to identify Kraissl's lines is not traumatic.
Who discovered the ellipsoidal shape of the skin?
The lines were first discovered in 1861 by Austrian anatomist Karl Langer (1819–1887), though he cited the surgeon Baron Dupuytren as being the first to recognise the phenomenon. Langer punctured numerous holes at short distances from each other into the skin of a cadaver with a tool that had a circular-shaped tip, similar to an ice pick. He noticed that the resultant punctures in the skin had ellipsoidal shapes. From this testing he observed patterns and was able to determine "line directions" by the longer axes of the ellipsoidal holes and lines.
Do Langer's lines heal better?
Incisions made parallel to Langer's lines may heal better and produce less scarring than those that cut across. Conversely, incisions perpendicular to Langer's lines have a tendency to pucker and remain obvious, although sometimes this is unavoidable.
Where is the imaginary cephalometric line?
An imaginary cephalometric line extending from the lateral canthus of the eye to the center of the external auditory meatus.
Where is the posterior gluteal line?
The posterior, the anterior, or the inferior gluteal line, which are bony ridges on the posterior (exterior) surface of the ilium parallel to the iliac crest. The posterior gluteal line runs along the outer edge of the iliac crest and marks the upper edge of the origin of the gluteus medius muscle.
What is the arcuate line?
1. The lower edge of the iliac fossa of the ilium. The arcuate line is a continuation of the pectineal line of the pubis, and it continues up and back along the ilium to merge with the edge of the sacral ala and then the sacral promontory. The continuous bony ridge, of which the arcuate line is one segment, encircles the pelvic inlet ...
What is the continuous bony ridge of the pelvic brim called?
The continuous bony ridge, of which the arcuate line is one segment, encircles the pelvic inlet and is called the pelvic brim. 2. In the anterior abdominal wall, below the level of the umbilicus, the lower horizontal edge of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath; (the anterior (superficial) layer of the sheath continues caudally ...
What is the imaginary line that extends from the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear?
The line is an estimated point of entry for intraoral dental radiographs of the maxilla and is also used in denture prosthodontics.
How many degrees are parallel lines?
Parallel lines, usually three long ones, with a series of short lines drawn at regular intervals across one of the lines at approx. 60 degrees . Similar lines are drawn across the second line at the angle of approx. 120 degrees. Short lines are drawn across the third at the same angle as on the first lines.
What is TA line?
[TA] lines that can be extrapolated by connecting linear openings made when a round pin is driven into the skin of a cadaver, resulting from the principal axis of orientation of the subcutaneous connective tissue (collagen) fibers of the dermis; they vary in direction with the region of the body surface.
What determines the type of cleavage?
The degree of deformation and metamorphism along with rock type determines the kind of cleavage feature that develops. Generally these structures are formed in fine grained rocks composed of minerals affected by pressure solution. Cleavage is a type of rock foliation, a fabric element that describes the way planar features develop in a rock.
What is cleavage in rock?
Cleavage is a type of rock foliation, a fabric element that describes the way planar features develop in a rock. Foliation is separated into two groups: primary and secondary. Primary deals with igneous and sedimentary rocks while secondary deals with rocks that undergo metamorphism as a result of deformation.
What is disjunctive cleavage?
Disjunctive cleavage describes a type of spaced cleavage where the microlithons are not deformed into microfolds, and formation is independent from any previous foliation present in the rock. A common outdated term for disjunctive cleavage is fracture cleavage.
What is crenulation cleavage?
Crenulation cleavage contains microlithons that were warped by a previous foliation. Folding occurs when there are multiple phases of deformation, the latter one causes symmetric or asymmetric microfolds that deform previous foliations. The type of crenulation cleavage pattern that forms depends on lithology and degree of deformation and metamorphism.
What are the cleavage domains of biotite?
The cleavage domains are darker biotite grains, and the microlithons between consist of mostly muscovite and quartz. The grains in the microlithons are starting to align in a preferred orientation. A new foliation overprinted an old, showing the beginning signs of a crenulation cleavage.
What is a cleavage in sedimentary rock?
Cleavage, in structural geology and petrology, describes a type of planar rock feature that develops as a result of deformation and metamorphism.
Why do cleavage foliations occur?
Cleavage foliations may result due to stress-induced solution transfer by the redistribution of inequant mineral grains by pressure solution and recrystallization. This would also help to increase rotation of elongate and tabular mineral grains. Mica grains undergoing solution transfer will align in a preferred orientation. If the minerals grains affected by pressure solution are deformed through plastic crystal processes, the grain will be extended along the XY-plane of finite strain. This process shapes grains into a preferred orientation
What are cleavage lines?
Cleavage lines include the Langer lines and other lines derived from similar experiments based on the shape of wounds.
Where are skin tension lines produced?
Skin tension lines reflect internal tension within the skin and are mainly produced by the connective tissue of the dermis, superimposed by external tension.
When do skin tension lines matter in surgery?
Aligning a surgical incision or excision with skin tension lines results in minimal tension across the closure of the defect. This leads to optimal scar formation and minimises wound contraction.
What conditions are affected by skin tension lines?
Several skin disorders produce ovoid (egg-shaped) lesions on the back with their long axes aligned with skin tension lines [8]. This is called a 'Christmas tree pattern', and is seen in:
How are relaxed skin lines produced?
Relaxed skin tension lines are produced in living subjects by positioning the body so that the skin is relaxed, and then gently pinching the skin to reveal a crease. These differ from the Langer lines, which were derived from cadavers — on the face, these two sets of lines often run at right angles to one another.
Can skin tension lines cause cancer?
Skin tension lines may also affect the spread of skin cancer. Linear basal cell carcinoma is a morphological variant of basal cell carcinoma that generally follows relaxed skin tension lines. It presents as an elongated lesion often on the neck or around the eyes.
