Where is the Temporal Lobe Located?
What are the structures of the temporal lobe?
What Does the Temporal Lobe Do?
What are temporal lobes influenced by?
How does temporal lobe damage affect the prognosis?
Why is the temporal lobe called the temporal lobe?
What are the lobes of the brain?
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Where is the temporal line found?
The superior temporal line is an arching ridge that begins as a continuation of the superior posterior border of the zygomatic bone and continues as a broad arch along the frontal and parietal bones. It runs roughly parallel to the upper edge of the temporal bone.
What are temporal lines?
noun. : either of two nearly parallel ridges or lines on each side of the skull that begin as a single ridge on the temporal bone, run upward and backward from the zygomatic process above the temporal fossa, divide into upper and lower lines, and continue on the parietal bone.
On which two bones do we find the temporal line?
The temporal bones are two major bones in the skull, or cranium. They help form the sides and base of the skull, where they protect the temporal lobe of the brain and surround the ear canal. The other major bones in the skull are: the two parietal bones that make up the top of the skull.
Where are the superior and inferior temporal lines located?
Superior and inferior temporal lines arecrossing the middle of the bone in an arched direction in two curved lines. The former gives attachment to the temporal fascia, and the latter indicates the upper limit of the muscular origin of the Temporalis.
What are temporal lines of skull?
Description. Running upward and backward from the zygomatic is a well-marked line, the temporal line, which divides into the upper and lower temporal lines, continuous, in the articulated skull, with the corresponding lines on the parietal bone.
How are temporal lines formed?
Temporal line - Linea temporalis From the external occipital protuberance begins rostrally the sagittal crest that bifurcates into two temporal lines (Linea temporales), which go rostrally diverging on the parietal and frontal bones to delimitate the temporal fossae.
What are the three parts of the temporal bone?
The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:squamous part (temporal squama)petrous part (petrous pyramid)tympanic part.mastoid part (usually considered a separate part but it is formed by both the squamous and petrous parts)
Is the temporal bone part of the ear?
The temporal bone is a complex structure within the skull base that contains numerous critical structures including cranial nerves, vasculature, and the middle ear.
What bones does the temporal bone articulate with?
The temporal bone articulates anteriorly with the sphenoid bone, above with the parietal bone, and posteriorly with the occipital bone. The zygomatic process of the squamosal part has an anterior and a posterior root between which, on the lower surface, is located the mandibular canal.
What type of bone is temporal?
The temporal bones are a pair of bilateral, symmetrical bones that constitute a large portion of the lateral wall and base of the skull . They are highly irregular bones with extensive muscular attachments and articulations with surrounding bones.
What is the function of the temporal bone?
The function of the temporal bone In addition to forming the external auditory canal, the temporal bone houses the cockles, canals, and hearing organs. It also protects the middle and inner ear structures, which are more delicate.
What are the 4 main sutures of skull?
One suture in the middle of the skull extends from the front of the head to the back....The major sutures of the skull include the following:Metopic suture. ... Coronal suture. ... Sagittal suture. ... Lambdoid suture.
What is the temporal ridge?
Definition of temporal ridge : any of four nearly parallel curved ridges or lines situated two on each side of the skull and chiefly on the parietal bone.
What is the temporal bone function?
The function of the temporal bone In addition to forming the external auditory canal, the temporal bone houses the cockles, canals, and hearing organs. It also protects the middle and inner ear structures, which are more delicate.
What is temporal fascia?
The temporal fascia is the dense fibrous layer that covers the temporalis muscle (Fig. 4.26) and its broad surface provides attachments to the superficial fibres of this muscle (Fig. 4.27).
What is the temporal fossa?
The temporal fossa is the area on the side of the cranium from which the temporal muscle arises. The skin over this area is relatively thin and derives its blood supply from branches of the superficial temporal artery. It is drained chiefly by the superficial temporal vein.
Which line runs along the temporal fossa?
Both superiorly and posteriorly the temporal fossa is bordered by the superior temporal line (origin of the deep temporal fascia). The inferior border runs along the zygomatic arch. Lastly, the anterior border is marked by the frontal process of the zygoma and the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.
Which vein runs between the two layers of the temporal fascia?
The artery is accompanied by the superior temporal vein. The medial vein runs between the two layers of the temporal fascia.
What is the temporal fossa?
The temporal fossa is a depression on the temporal region and one of the largest landmarks on the skull. The temporal bone, the sphenoid bone, the parietal bone and the frontal bone contribute to its concave wall. It is superior to the infratemporal fossa which lies beneath the zygomatic arch.
Where does the temporal fossa originate?
The temporal fossa serves as a site of origin for the temporal muscle. It originates from the superior, anterior and posterior borders of the temporal fossa and resides within its concavity as the muscle fibers move towards their insertion point, which lies under the zygomatic arch.
What is the superior temporal artery?
The superior temporal artery, a terminal branch of the external carotid artery, courses above the superficial temporal fascia. It branches off the medial temporal artery to the temporal muscle and two smaller arteries to the scalp (frontal and parietal branches). The artery is accompanied by the superior temporal vein.
Which line anchors the temporal fascia?
The superior temporal line anchors the temporal fascia.
How is the temporalis muscle cut?
A large, vascularized pericranial flap is reflected. The zygomatic arch is incised obliquely anteriorly and posteriorly. The zygoma is then reflected inferiorly. The temporalis muscle is detached from its insertions and retracted inferiorly. A burr hole is place in the anatomic key hole. This allows access to the anterior cranial fossa and the periorbita. Burr holes are then placed on the floor of the middle fossa. Using a high-speed drill, the burr holes are connected. The orbital roof is cut using a v-shaped osteotome. The bone flap is reflected as one piece. The lateral wall and roof of the orbit are removed in a separate osteotomy (Fig. 31.14 ).
What are parietal striations?
The parietal striae are striations, or “rays,” that pass posterosuperiorly for some distance on the ectocranial surface of the parietal from their origin on its beveled squamous edge.
What are the bones of the cranial vault?
The parietals form the sides and roof of the cranial vault. Each parietal articulates with the opposite parietal and with the frontal, temporal, occipital, and sphenoid. Parietals are basically square and are the largest bones of the vault, with a fairly uniform thickness.
What are the two sections of the squamosal border?
The squamosal border is divided into two sections, a posterior blunt portion and an anterior concave part.
Where is the frontal angle located?
The frontal angle is located at bregma.
Where is the sharp, protruding sphenoidal angle?
The sharp, protruding sphenoidal angle lies at the antero-inferior corner.
Where are temporal bones located?
The temporal bones are located on the sides and base of the skull. Mark Gurarie is a freelance writer, editor, and adjunct lecturer of writing composition at George Washington University. Rochelle Collins, DO, is a board-certified family medicine doctor currently practicing in Bloomfield, Connecticut. The temporal bones are paired bones that help ...
What are temporal bones?
The temporal bones are paired bones that help make up the sides and base of the skull (cranium). This places them lateral—to the side of—the temporal lobes of the brain’s cerebral cortex, ensuring that the cranium is properly supported and protecting the important structures there. As such, blunt trauma or fracture of these bones can lead ...
What is the tympanic part of the ear?
Tympanic Part: The curved portion of bone beneath the squama and in front of the mastoid process, the tympanic part forms a major part of the external acoustic meatus, which is the pathway from outer to inner ear. Its middle portion contains the tympanic sulcus, a groove that attaches to the tympanic membrane, better known as the eardrum. At its rear surface, the tympanic part forms the rear boundary of the mandibular fossa, a groove which connects with the jaw bone. The outside surface is rough and attaches to the cartilage portion of the acoustic meatus, whereas its interior fuses with the petrous portion, just below the ear canal. Thin and sharp in its middle portion, it splits to enclose a portion of the styloid process (see below).
What is the squama?
Squama: Forming the front, upper part of the temporal bone, the squama is thin, translucent, and described as “scale-like.” 1 The outer surface is smooth and forms a convex shape, and, via the temporal line (a curved ridge running to the back and upward), it attaches to the temporalis muscle, which helps with chewing. The front end of the squama is serrated and connects with the zygomatic bone —one of two paired bones that form the cheeks and the sidewalls of the orbits (the openings where the eyeballs sit). The bottom end of this bone connects to the masseter, another major muscle for chewing. In addition, this part of the temporal bone is connected to ligaments regulating muscles in the upper portion of the mandible, or jawbone.
How many parts are there in the temporal bone?
In anatomy, each temporal bone is composed of five parts: the squama, the petrous, mastoid, and tympanic parts, as well as the styloid process. 1 Here’s a quick breakdown:
What part of the mandibular fossa connects with the jaw bone?
At its rear surface, the tympanic part forms the rear boundary of the mandibular fossa, a groove which connects with the jaw bone. The outside surface is rough and attaches to the cartilage portion of the acoustic meatus, whereas its interior fuses with the petrous portion, just below the ear canal.
Which bone connects the squama to the orbits?
The front end of the squama is serrated and connects with the zygomatic bone —one of two paired bones that form the cheeks and the sidewalls of the orbits (the openings where the eyeballs sit). The bottom end of this bone connects to the masseter, another major muscle for chewing. In addition, this part of the temporal bone is connected ...
Where is the superior temporal line?
The superior temporal line is an arching ridge along the lateral surface of the skull; it begins as a continuation of the upper posterior border of the zygomatic bone and continues as a broad arch along the frontal and parietal bones, above and roughly parallel to the upper edge of the temporal bone. The inferior temporal line begins ...
Which bone runs over the temporal line?
The temporal line was continuous of the temporal crest and ran over the parietal bone.
What is the lower of two curved lines on the parietal bone?
the lower of two curved lines on the parietal bone; it marks the outer limit of attachment of the temporalis muscle.
Where should a bone hole be?
The bone hole should be posterior to the temporal line, and the location should not be too low to avoid milling through the orbital wall.
Where is the temporal lobe?
The temporal lobe sits at the bottom middle portion of the brain, just behind the temples within the skull, which is also where it gets its name. It also sits above the brain stem and cerebellum. The frontal and parietal lobes are above the temporal lobe. The occipital lobe sits just behind it.
What are the structures of the temporal lobe?
Key structures that are part of the temporal lobe include: 1 Wernicke’s area 2 Broca’s area 3 limbic system
What is the term for a condition that affects the front and temporal lobe?
Pick’s disease. Pick’s disease, or frontotemporal dementia, is a less common form of dementia, that damage or atrophy in the front and temporal lobe causes. The condition may include changes to states such as mood, attention levels, or irritated or aggressive behaviors.
Where is schizophrenia found in the brain?
There is a link between schizophrenia and deficit or damage in the temporal lobe, within the primary auditory cortex in the left temporal lobe.
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for interpreting information in the form of sounds from the ears?
The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory complex. This is the first area responsible for interpreting information in the form of sounds from the ears. The temporal lobe receives different frequencies, sounds, and pitches from the ears, and gives them meaning.
Which lobe is the limbic system?
Key structures that are part of the temporal lobe include: Wernicke’s area. Broca’s area. limbic system. These structures also span other lobes. For example, Wernicke’s area extends into the parietal lobe, and Broca’s area is part of the frontal lobe.
Which lobe of the brain is located close to the ear?
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex. It is the lower lobe of the cortex, sitting close to ear level within the skull.
What is the temporal bone?
The temporal bones are a pair of bilateral, symmetrical bones that constitute a large portion of the lateral wall and base of the skull . They are highly irregular bones with extensive muscular attachments and articulations with surrounding bones. There are a number of openings and canals in the temporal bone through which structures enter ...
Where does the temporalis muscle originate?
The temporalis muscle originates from the temporal fossa, which is formed partially by the lateral aspect of the temporal bone. The sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, longissimus capitis and digastric are all attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Attaching to the styloid process are the:
What part of the temporal bone is split into two?
This part of the temporal bone is usually split into two: the petrous part and the mastoid part.
What is the squamous part of the temporal bone?
Squamous part. The squamous part is the anterior superior portion of the temporal bone that forms the lateral part of the middle cranial fossa. It has the appearance of a large flattened plate. Its external surface is smooth and slightly convex.
What is the socket for articulation of the temporal bone with the head of the mandible?
The mandibular notch (fossa), the socket for articulation of the temporal bone with the head of the mandible , is also present on the squamous part of the temporal bone.
Which part of the temporal bone fuses with the petrous part internally?
The tympanic part of the temporal bone fuses with the petrous part internally, and the squamous and mastoid parts posteriorly. Its posterior surface forms the anterior wall, floor and part of the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus.
Where is the petrous part of the cranial cavity?
Petrous part. The petrous part is a wedge shaped mass of bone located between the sphenoid and occipital bones within the cranial cavity. It is the most medial part of the temporal bone, and it is the landmark dividing the middle and posterior cranial fossae from each other.
What are the temporal lobes?
Essentially, the temporal lobes interact with, and depend upon input, which can be from other brain regions, as well as from sensory input from the environment. The temporal lobes can convert sounds into visual images in the mind. We also would not be able to understand someone talking to us without the use of our temporal lobes helping us to make sense of language.
What is the outer surface of the temporal lobes called?
The outer surface of the temporal lobes is called the neocortex. There are many substructures within the temporal lobes which have specific functions. The most inner part of the temporal lobes, is the older part of the cortex, also known as the limbic system, which includes the hippocampus and the amygdala . The main functions of the temporal lobes ...
What is the test for temporal lobe function?
There are also some common tests which are used to test for temporal lobe function. There is the Rey-Complex Figure which is a test for visual memory. The Wechsler Memory Scale- Revised is also a common test used to assess the verbal memory of an individual.
Why is temporal lobe damage common?
A common cause of temporal lobe damage is epilepsy, so a discussion of previous seizure activity can be discussed. A referral to a neuropsychologist may be necessary to enable an understanding of the precise nature of the problem and to help with managing the condition.
How to diagnose temporal lobe damage?
In order to diagnosis damage to the temporal lobes, a thorough history of the symptoms being experienced need to be investigated. This assessment can be accompanied by someone who knows the patient well and has witnessed the problems at hand.
Where is the auditory cortex located?
The auditory cortex, the main area responsible for processing auditory information, is located within the temporal lobe. The auditory cortex is a part of the superior temporal gyrus which essentially receives input from the ears and analyses it.
Which lobe is responsible for a person's memory?
The temporal lobes are also vital for declarative memory and long-term memory, as well as making us good at selective hearing.
What is the superficial aspect of the temporalis muscle?
Superficially, the muscle is covered by the temporal fascia, masseter muscle, subcutaneous tissue and skin. The auriculotemporal, facial and zygomaticotemporal nerves run across the superficial aspect of the temporalis muscle. Memorizing all the muscles of the human body can be a real challenge!
Where does the temporalis muscle originate?
The temporalis muscle is a broad muscle that occupies most of the temporal fossa. Its origin point spans the entire surface of the fossa below the temporal line. Additionally, some fibers originate from the temporal fascia as well.
What is the temporalis muscle?
Temporalis muscle (Musculus temporalis) The temporalis muscle is a thin, fan-shaped muscle situated within the temporal fossa of the skull. Along with the medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid and masseter muscles, it belongs to the group masticatory muscles . The temporalis muscle runs superficially, from the temporal bone to the coronoid process ...
What causes temporal pain?
Tension of the temporal muscle can induce pain in the temporal area. Common causes include: 1 misalignments of the teeth and jaws 2 trauma 3 a prolonged immobilisation (e.g. after a mandibular fracture) 4 teeth grinding (bruxism) 5 a dental intervention during which the person's mouth had to be open for a long period of time.
Where does the temporalis muscle receive innervation?
The temporalis muscle receives its innervation from the anterior, middle and posterior deep temporal branches of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve (V3) . To expand your knowledge check out our other articles, videos, quizzes and labeled diagrams about the muscles of mastication.
Which muscle moves the mandible dorsocranially?
In this article, we will discuss the anatomy and function of the temporalis muscle.
Where do anterior and posterior fibers converge?
Both anterior and posterior fibers converge onto a narrow tendon that runs medial to the zygomatic arch. The tendon inserts onto the apex and medial surface of the coronoid process of mandible.
Where is the Temporal Lobe Located?
Like the brain's other three lobes, the temporal lobe is located in the forebrain. Biologists believe this is the newest portion of the brain to have evolved, since it is only present in vertebrates.
What are the structures of the temporal lobe?
As one of just four lobes in the brain, the temporal lobe is less a discrete organ, and more of a home to numerous other structures. Some of the most important structures in the temporal lobe include: 1 Limbic lobe: This brain region actually intersects with several lobes, but interacts directly with the temporal lobe to influence the limbic system, including automatic emotional reactions such as the fight-or-flight response and the limbic system. The limbic lobe is home to key memory, learning, and attention processing structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus. This brain region also manages a number of automatic, unconscious bodily functions, as well as unconscious emotional states, such as sexual arousal and appetite. 2 Wernicke's area: This brain region is associated with the understanding and processing of speech. 3 Broca's area: This brain region aids in the production of speech, though some evidence suggests that, when Broca's area is damaged, nearby regions may compensate. Together with Wernicke's area, Broca's area aids communication.
What Does the Temporal Lobe Do?
As its position near the temples suggests, the temporal lobe plays a key role in auditory processing. This role includes perceiving sounds, assigning meaning to those sounds, and remembering sounds. Much of the auditory work of the temporal lobe is processed through the superior temporal gyrus, a temporal lobe structure that receives sound input directly from the ear. Some of its other functions include:
What are temporal lobes influenced by?
Because the temporal lobe houses much of the limbic system, the temporal lobe is both heavily influenced by and influences a number of automatic bodily functions, including heart rate, arousal, anxiety, and similar states. Over time, disruptions in these states can affect other bodily functions. For example, early childhood trauma predisposes some people to a chronic state of anxiety that keeps them in a state of fight-or-flight. This floods the body with hormones such as cortisol, and can lead to chronic inflammation, and even health problems such as infertility.
How does temporal lobe damage affect the prognosis?
The prognosis associated with temporal lobe damage is heavily dependent upon the location of the damage, source of the damage, and prompt medical care. For instance, a person who seeks medical care in response to a potential brain lesion early may see less growth of that lesion, and therefore less temporal lobe damage. Quality treatment, including occupational and speech therapy, as well as overall health, diet, lifestyle, and age also affect prognosis.
Why is the temporal lobe called the temporal lobe?
The temporal lobe is so named because of its proximity to the temples. It is positioned toward the base of the center of the cortex, just behind the temples. Like all other brain regions, it is not a standalone organ. Instead, the temporal lobe interacts with and depends upon input from all other brain regions, as well as sensory input about the surrounding world. In this way, the temporal lobe—and the brain it supports—is a dynamic organ.
What are the lobes of the brain?
Lobes of the Brain. Temporal Lobe. The brains of all mammals, including people, contain four lobes in the cortex, including the occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes. Located just beneath the lateral fissure and crossing both fissures of the brain is the temporal lobe. This vital structure helps process sensory input, ...
