where can i find biotite

Where are biotite found?

Biotite occurs in the lava of Mount Vesuvius, at Monzoni, and many other European locations. In the United States, it is found in the pegmatites of New England, Virginia and North Carolina, as well as in the granite of Pikes Peak, Colorado. Biotite was named in honor of the French physicist Jean Baptiste Biot.

Where can you find biotite mica?

Biotite is found in a wide variety of magmatic and metamorphic rocks. It is common in various magmatic and metamorphic rocks. In igneous rocks, more commonly in silicic and alkaline rocks, e.g. granites, diorites, gabbros and peridotites.

Is biotite mined?

Biotite is occasionally found in large sheets, especially in pegmatite veins, as in New England, Virginia, and North Carolina. Other notable occurrences include Bancroft and Sudbury, Ontario. It is mined by quarrying or underground mining, depending on its depth of occurrence.

Is biotite rare or common?

Biotite is a very common and widespread mineral group. The minerals of the group occur often in metamorphic and igneous rocks. It is much less common in sediments and sedimentary rocks because it yields to clay minerals in the weathering environment. Biotite is one of the two most common members of the mica group.

How much is biotite worth?

Black Mica Biotite at Rs 300/kilogram(s) | Argaghat | Giridih| ID: 9891952630.

What is biotite used for in everyday life?

Biotite is used to determine the age of rock through the process of argon-argon dating or potassium-argon dating. Biotite can be used to determine the minimum age of rock and profile its temperature history. Sheet mica is important in the electronics industry as an electrical and thermal insulator.

Is biotite toxic?

Biotite mica is enriched with essential nutrients (such as Fe, Mg, K, Si, Zn and Mo) which help in body functions. Biotitie also contains toxic trace elements Ni, Cu, Cr, Se, Pb etc. [10, 11]. However, both essental and toxic cations are limitedly available when the mineral is in unaltered form.

How can you tell if a rock is biotite?

In general, keys to identifying biotite are its color and pleochrism, cleavage, optical texture and characteristic extinction, and habit. Biotite's features generally make identification unambiguous. However, in some medium-grade metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks, the features are less prominent.

How old is biotite?

Recorded ages: Paleoarchean to Quaternary : 3366 Ma to 0.49 ± 0.01 Ma - based on 318 recorded ages.

How much is mica worth?

Sheet mica prices vary with grade and can range from less than $1 per kilogram for low-quality mica to more than $2,000 per kilogram for the highest quality.

Is biotite toxic?

Biotite mica is enriched with essential nutrients (such as Fe, Mg, K, Si, Zn and Mo) which help in body functions. Biotitie also contains toxic trace elements Ni, Cu, Cr, Se, Pb etc. [10, 11]. However, both essental and toxic cations are limitedly available when the mineral is in unaltered form.

Why is biotite not mined as iron ore?

9.2. However, the magnetic susceptibilities of dark gangue minerals, such as spodumene, chlorite, garnet, biotite, and olivine, are very close to the magnetic susceptibilities of oxidized iron ores. It is therefore more difficult to separate them from oxidized iron ores by magnetic separation.

What is the color of biotite?

Iron is the key element in biotite, giving it a dark or black appearance, while most forms of mica are pale in color. This gives rise to the common names of biotite, which are "dark mica" and "black mica.". Black mica and "white mica" (muscovite) often occur together within a rock and may even be found side-by-side.

What is the primary use of biotite?

The primary use of biotite is to date the minimum age of rocks and geological features.

What is biotite mica?

Key Takeaways. Biotite is a dark-colored mica. It is an aluminosilicate mineral that forms sheets or flakes. Although biotite is sometimes called black mica, it occurs in other colors, including brown, greenish-brown, yellow, and even white. Biotite occurs with other types of mica, even within a single rock.

Where is aluminosilicate found?

It is found in the lava from Mount Vesuvius, the Monzoni intrusive complex of the Dolomites, and in granite, pegmatite, and schist.

Who discovered mica?

Humans have known about and used mica since prehistoric times. In 1847, German mineralogist J.F.L. Hausmann named the mineral biotite in honor of French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot, who explored the optical properties of mica.

Is biotite black or brown?

Biotite isn't always black. It can be dark brown or brownish-green. Lighter colors also occur, including yellow and white.

What are the features of biotite?

Striking Features. Flaky habit, crystals, sectility, and mode of occurence. Environment. Biotite is a common rock-forming mineral, and is especially noted in metamorphic rock s such as schist and gneiss. It is also found in igneous rock such as granite s and rhyolites.

Why is biotite called biotite?

Because of Biotite's abundance, its presence is usually lacking in collections except for it being an accessory mineral to other minerals. Biotite can come in enormous crystal sheets ...

How much does biotite weigh?

Biotite can come in enormous crystal sheets that can weigh several hundred pounds. Thin sheets can be peeled off as layers, and the thinner a layer is peeled the greater its transparency becomes. In 1998, the IMA removed the status of Biotite as an individual mineral species, and instead declared it as a group name for the following individual ...

Why is biotite hard to clean?

Biotite is very hard to clean because if washed it will absorb water internally and start to break apart.

Is biotite a conductor?

Biotite, like Muscovite, is a very poor conductor of heat and electricity, and is thus used as an insulator for various electrical products and semiconductors. Biotite is found in abundance worldwide, but collectors specimens are not common and come from few localities.

Where does biotite occur?

For instance, biotite occurs in the lava of Mount Vesuvius and in the Monzoni intrusive complex of the western Dolomites. Biotite in granite tends to be poorer in magnesium than the biotite found in its volcanic equivalent, rhyolite. Biotite is an essential phenocryst in some varieties of lamprophyre.

What color is biotite?

In thin section, biotite exhibits moderate relief and a pale to deep greenish brown or brown color, with moderate to strong pleochroism. Biotite has a high birefringence which can be partially masked by its deep intrinsic color. Under cross-polarized light, biotite exhibits extinction approximately parallel to cleavage lines, and can have characteristic bird's eye maple extinction, a mottled appearance caused by the distortion of the mineral's flexible lamellae during grinding of the thin section. Basal sections of biotite in thin section are typically approximately hexagonal in shape and usually appear isotropic under cross-polarized light.

What is biotite mica?

The term biotite is still used to describe unanalysed dark micas in the field. Biotite was named by J.F.L. Hausmann in 1847 in honor of the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot, who performed early research into the many optical properties of mica. Members of the biotite group are sheet silicates.

Why is biotite used in rock dating?

Because argon escapes readily from the biotite crystal structure at high temperatures, these methods may provide only minimum ages for many rocks. Biotite is also useful in assessing temperature histories of metamorphic rocks, because the partitioning of iron and magnesium between biotite and garnet is sensitive to temperature.

Why are biotite crystals called books?

When biotite crystals are found in large chunks, they are called "books" because they resemble books with pages of many sheets. The color of biotite is usually black and the mineral has a hardness of 2.5–3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness .

Is biotite an anisotropic substance?

Biotite dissolves in both acid and alkaline aqueous solutions, with the highest dissolution rates at low pH. However, bioti te dissolution is highly anisotropic with crystal edge surfaces ( h k 0) reacting 45 to 132 times faster than basal surfaces ( 001 ).

Is biotite a hexagonal or isotropic?

Basal sections of biotite in thin section are typically approximately hexagonal in shape and usually appear isotropic under cross-polarized light. Biotite (in brown) and muscovite in an orthogneiss thin section under plane-polarized light. Biotite in thin section under cross-polarized light.

What is biotite in rocks?

It has different roles in these rocks, though. It acts as the primary iron-bearing phase in many granitic rocks and as a hydrated potassium-bearing mineral in mafic rocks. Biotite is present in both silica under- and oversaturated rocks. Biotite, because it is the host of relatively uncommon chemical elements in a given magma, is a very common ingredient of pegmatites which crystallize from late-magmatic fluids. Large “books” are a common sight in pegmatitic rocks. Biotite in felsic rocks tends to be Fe-rich.

Who discovered biotite?

Although he is not considered to be a geologist, he is the one who claimed that meteorites are extraterrestrial in origin. To be correct, he was not the first one to say so, but the idea got much wider acceptance after that. He also studied materials in polarized light, including minerals. This is the reason why biotite was named in his honor by a German mineralogist Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann in 1847. There are some claims that Biot discovered the mineral biotite. It can hardly be true. Biotite is a very common natural material which I am sure was well-known for our Stone Age ancestors. But he clearly contributed to a better understanding of the micas and deservedly has his family name (usually unintentionally) mentioned in every mineralogy and geology textbook.

What is the most common mica?

Biotite (on the left) and muscovite are the most widespread micas. Most biotite group minerals are black in color, although the color gets lighter (brownish) if the sheet is thin enough for the light to penetrate it. Mg-rich phlogopite is brown or greenish. The density is highly variable: 2.7-3.3 g/cm 3.

What are the end members of the biotite group?

End-members such as phlogopite, annite and siderophyllite all belong to the group. It is a common practice to distinguish between biotite and phlogopite like these two are mutually exclusive minerals with different compositions. This is no longer true.

Why is biotite abundant in intrusive rocks but usually resorbed in volcanic rocks?

The reason why biotite is abundant in intrusive but usually resorbed in volcanic rocks is that it is not a stable phase in magma at lower pressures. In metamorphic rocks too, biotite is present in a wide variety of rocks which formed under various temperature and pressure conditions.

How does biotite form?

Biotite in the majority of cases forms when clay-rich sedimentary rocks are buried deep enough for the clay minerals to metamorphose to it. Biotite also forms in impure metamorphosed carbonate rocks and in metabasic rocks.

Why is biotite less common in sedimentary rocks?

It is much less common in sediments and sedimentary rocks because it yields to clay minerals in the weathering environment. Biotite is one of the two most common members of the mica group. The other one is muscovite.

Where is biotite found?

Biotite is found in a wide variety of magmatic and metamorphic rocks. It is common in various magmatic and metamorphic rocks. In igneous rocks, more commonly in silicic and alkaline rocks, e.g. granites, diorite s, gabbros and peridotites.

What is similar to biotite?

Similar Species: Glauconite, commonly found in green pellets in sedimentary deposits, is similar in composition to biotite.

Why is biotite used in metamorphic rocks?

Biotite is also useful for evaluating the temperature histories of metamorphic rocks, because the division of iron and magnesium between biotite and garnet is temperature sensitive.

What is biotite in shingers?

It is a fundamental component of many metamorphic shingers and form s in suitable compositions in a wide range of pressure and temperature. Biotite is estimated to be up to 7% of the exposed continental crust.

What is the chemical formula for biotite?

Biotite is the most common mica mineral and also known as black mica, a silicate mineral in the common mica group. Approximate chemical formula K (Mg, Fe). It can be found in massive crystal layers weighing several hundred pounds. It is abundant in metamorphic rocks (both regional and contact), pegmatites, ...

What is biotite used for?

The modified biotite, produced by hydrothermal or abrasion processes, produces vermiculite, a porous material used as an insulating material in gypsum wall panels and other heat insulation applications.

Why is biotite used in soil?

Biotite is commonly used to limit the age of rocks through potassium-argon escort or argon-argon escort.

Where is biotite found?

Biotite is primarily found in different crystalline igneous rocks such as granite, gabbro, diorite, , peridotite as well as pegmatite. However, it is also worth mentioning that it becomes clay minerals and isn’t extremely resistant to weathering. In fact, it is one of the reasons why Biotite can be found in sediments and sandstones.

How to use biotite crystal?

You can also use it as a purposeful crystal for attuning with the universal energy around the room. It is also good for self-awareness.

How to Cleanse and Charge Biotite?

White salvia incense. Salvia ritual concept. White sage, scared sage, california sage, bee sage.

Why do you use biotite and amethyst at the same time?

Using Biotite and Amethyst at the same time may help you to think efficiently and clearly and not allow your feelings to cloud your judgment.

What chakra does biotite resonate with?

Biotite will greatly resonate with the crown chakra. Thus, you can utilize this stone if you want to attain mental clarity as well as have a more organized thought. Biotite’s healing energies will help you in sustaining the best quality of your ideas and thoughts and the arrangement of how you process new information.

How to clean biotite?

To do this, hold your Biotite close to the smoke of the sage leaves.

What does biotite mean?

Honestly, Biotite is not a common stone, but it has a lot of wonderful meanings. One meaning of this stone includes the development of ability . It has been thought that this stone can help you in living a creative life. Actually, the light energy within this stone will help you in developing your potential. In addition to that, it is believed to make up for your shortcoming. Biotite will compensate for your weakness and strengthen your strengths.

What is Germanium biotite?

Germanium biotite (GB), an aluminosilicate mineral containing 36 ppm Ge, was studied as a feed supplement and found to enhance immunological protection in mice and to effectively treat porcine reproductive and respiratory system virus (PRRSV). Female BALB/c mice, eight per group, were fed chow supplemented with 0, 0.15%, or 0.3% GB for 2 weeks. Their spleens were then removed and incubated with or without concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mitogens. GB supplementation at both levels was found to significantly enhance lymphocyte proliferation in response to ConA, but not to LPS. Twelve pigs, six per group, were fed a standard diet supplemented with 0% and 0.3% GB; all were then infected with PRRSV by intranasal exposure to 5 mL of viral culture (1 × 10 6.1 50% tissue culture infective per mL). Rectal temperature measurements were unchanged in the GB group and significantly elevated in the control group. Animals were sacrificed at 12 and 28 days postinoculation and lung and lymphoid tissues were evaluated. Relative to controls, the GB group at 12 days postinoculation had significantly decreased viral titers and less severe histopathological changes in all tissues tested (lung, tonsils, thymus, and bronchial lymph nodes), as well as milder cases of interstitial pneumonia ( Jung et al., 2013 ).

What minerals are found in metapelites?

By far the most abundant hydrous minerals in metapelites are the potassic micas phengite and biotite. The amount of H2 O stored in micas (containing 9–10 wt.% K 2 O and 4–4.5 wt.% H 2 O) is easily calculated from the bulk K 2 O content. Other important hydrous phases in subduction zone metapelites are talc, chloritoid, and chlorite (see compilation in Poli and Schmidt, 2002 ). The stabilities of these phases are strongly dependant on the XMg which varies widely in oceanic pelagic sediments, from 0.2 to 0.8 (e.g., Plank and Langmuir, 1998 ). Biotite is expected to transform completely to garnet+phengite-bearing assemblages at pressures above 2.5–3.0 GPa ( Poli and Schmidt, 2002) but under high XMg biotite may persist to a maximum of 4 GPa ( Hermann, 2002a ). In contrast, phengite is stable to considerably higher pressures (up to 8–9 GPa, Domanik and Holloway, 1996; Ono, 1998 ).

What are the cation sites of mica?

Trioctahedral micas, such as phlogopite or biotite, are characterized by four distinct cation lattice sites: tetrahedral (Z) sites occupied by silicon and aluminum; octahedral (Y) sites, denoted M1 and M2, occupied by Al, Cr, Fe3+, Ti, Fe 2+, Mg, and Mn; and a large 12-fold coordinated interlayer X-site occupied by potassium, sodium, calcium, and other large cations. The low partition coefficients for lanthanides, uranium and thorium in phlogopite (<2 × 10 -4 indicate, however, that large highly charged cations cannot be incorporated at the X-site, presumably because of a lack of suitable charge-balancing mechanism.

What minerals are used in sulfide tailings?

Gangue minerals associated with sulfide-rich tailings include various aluminosilicate minerals such as chlorite, smectite, biotite, muscovite, plagioclase, amphibole, and pyroxene. Their contribution to acid-neutralization reactions has been examined in a number of field studies and through controlled laboratory experiments. During the period of carbonate- and hydroxide-mineral dissolution, aluminosilicate minerals may also dissolve, thus consuming H+ and releasing H 4 SiO 4, Al 3+, and other cations, including potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese. Aluminosilicate dissolution is generally not rapid enough to buffer the pore water to a specific pH. Such reactions, however, do consume H + and contribute to the overall acid-neutralization potential of mine wastes. In addition to H + consumption, aluminum and other metals released from aluminosilicate minerals may accumulate in secondary products such as amorphous Al (OH) 3 or gibbsite that act as secondary pH buffers. As with other phases contributing to acid neutralization, the mass and composition of aluminosilicates vary from site to site and within an individual site.

What minerals are used in field trials?

The most commonly trialed minerals include granite, glauconite, phlogopite, biotite, gneiss, feldspar, etc.

Where is fluoride found in soil?

Fluoride is found in most soils from the weathering of common soil minerals such as biotite and hornblende, and from phosphate fertilizer contamination (Hart et al., 1934; Jha et al., 2011 ). Generally, soils have a fluoride concentration ranging from 20 to 1000 μg/g; however, the levels of inorganic fluoride increase with depth due to soluble fluoride being leached down into the soil during heavy rains or flooding, especially when the soil is slightly acidic (5.5–6.5 pH) ( Barrow and Ellis, 1986; International Programme on Chemical Safety, 2002; Metcalfe-Smith et al., 2003 ). Fluoride particles from the air remain at the surface of soils and become bioavailable as water-soluble fluorides to plants and animals.

Is bio intervention a source of K?

Therefore, bio-intervention of silicate minerals was found to be effective as a source of K and could be an alternative to commercial K fertilizer. These results of pot and green house studies are quite promising, but still need to be replicated the success under field conditions for better acceptance of this technology in sustainable faming system.

Where can biotite be found?

Biotite is mostly found in various crystalline igneous rocks like pegmatite, peridotite, gabbro, diorite, and granite. Biotite transforms to clay minerals and is not very resistant to weathering, which is why it can also be found in sandstones and sediments. This mineral is very easy to identify.

How to Use Biotite for the Best Results?

Biotite is known to be an excellent stone for the office because its energies can increase methodical and systemic approaches.

Why Would You Use Biotite?

You can use this stone in a major way if you want to achieve mental clarity and have more organized thoughts.

Why is biotite good for the office?

Biotite is known to be an excellent stone for the office because its energies can increase methodical and systemic approaches. Place a few pieces of this stone in your office or on top of your work desk to clear the clutter in your head and boost your brain functions. It’s also believed to cleanse water.

How does biotite work?

Biotite will restore the balance in your energies in your physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual body.

Why is biotite important?

It can help you see issues and challenges in a more rational way. It can help bring order and organization out of chaos. Biotite can also encourage you to become more organized so that you can easily focus on the things that you need to finish and the goals that you need to accomplish.

How does biotite help in relationships?

It will help you focus and allow you to find positive resolutions to your relationship problems. Biotite will strengthen your emotions in a positive way and help you achieve clarity of thought.

Composition

Properties and Identification

Occurrence

Etymology

Uses

References