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Where did Nikita Khrushchev grow up?
Khrushchev was born on 15 April 1894, in Kalinovka, a village in what is now Russia's Kursk Oblast, near the present Ukrainian border. His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Kseniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina.
Is Nikita Khrushchev still alive?
September 11, 1971Nikita Khrushchev / Date of death
What did Khrushchev fear?
Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev negotiated a peaceful outcome to the crisis. The crisis evoked fears of nuclear destruction, revealed the dangers of brinksmanship, and invigorated attempts to halt the arms race.
Did Nikita Khrushchev have siblings?
Irina KhrushchevaNikita Khrushchev / Siblings
How do you say Khrushchev in Russian?
Ni·ki·ta S(er·ge·ye·vich) [ni-kee-tuh sur-gey-uh-vich; Russian nyi-kyee-tuh syir-gye-yuh-vyich], /nɪˈki tə sɜrˈgeɪ ə vɪtʃ; Russian nyɪˈkyi tə syɪrˈgyɛ yə vyɪtʃ/, 1894–1971, Russian political leader: premier of the U.S.S.R. 1958–64.
What nationality was Nikita Khrushchev?
RussianSovietNikita Khrushchev/Nationality
Who built the Berlin Wall?
the German Democratic RepublicThe Berlin Wall was built by the German Democratic Republic during the Cold War to prevent its population from escaping Soviet-controlled East Berlin to West Berlin, which was controlled by the major Western Allies. It divided the city of Berlin into two physically and ideologically contrasting zones.
What did Khrushchev accuse America of?
What did Khrushchev accuse America of? Piracy and trying to destroy humankind.
How close was 1962 nuclear war?
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. In a TV address on October 22, 1962, President John F.
Who took over after Khrushchev?
In October 1964, Brezhnev replaced Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Communist Party.
Who is Khrushchev's great granddaughter?
Nina L. Khrushcheva (born 1964), greatgranddaughter of Nikita Khrushchev.
Where did Khrushchev work?
In 1925 Khrushchev went into full-time party work as party secretary of the Petrovsko-Mariinsk district of Yuzovka. He distinguished himself by his hard work and knowledge of mine and factory conditions. He soon came to the notice of Joseph Stalin ’s close associate, Lazar M. Kaganovich, secretary general of the Ukrainian Party’s Central Committee, who asked Khrushchev to accompany him as a nonvoting delegate to the 14th Party Congress in Moscow. For the next four years—in Yuzovka, then in Kharkov (now Kharkiv) and Kiev—Khrushchev was active as a party organizer. In 1929 he received permission to go to Moscow to study metallurgy at the Stalin Industrial Academy. There he was appointed secretary of the academy’s Party Committee. In 1931 he went back to full-time party work in Moscow. By 1933 he had become second secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee.
Where did Khrushchev study metallurgy?
In 1929 he received permission to go to Moscow to study metallurgy at the Stalin Industrial Academy. There he was appointed secretary of the academy’s Party Committee.
What was Khrushchev's job?
In 1949 Stalin called him back to Moscow, where he took over his old job as head of the Moscow City Party and concurrently was appointed secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
What happened to Khrushchev's wife?
Soon after he was demobilized, his wife, Galina, died during a famine. In 1922 Khrushchev secured admission to a new Soviet workers’ school in Yuzovka, where he received a secondary education along with additional party instruction.
What was Khrushchev's first assignment?
Khrushchev’s first wartime assignment was to evacuate as much of Ukraine ’s industry as possible to the east.
When did Khrushchev become second secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee?
By 1933 he had become second secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now. During the early 1930s Khrushchev consolidated his hold on the Moscow party cadres.
Was Khrushchev a coal miner?
Unlike Lenin and most other Soviet leaders, who generally had middle-class backgrounds, Khrushchev was the son of a coal miner; his grandfather had been a serf who served in the tsarist army. After a village education, Khrushchev went with his family to Yuzovka (later named Stalino, now Donetsk, Ukraine), a mining and industrial centre in the Donets Basin, where he began work as a pipe fitter at age 15. Because of his factory employment, he was not conscripted in the tsarist army during World War I. Even before the Russian Revolution of 1917, he had become active in workers’ organizations, and in 1918—during the struggle between Reds, Whites, and Ukrainian nationalists for possession of Ukraine—he became a member of the Russian Communist Party ( Bolshevik ).
Where was Nikita Khrushchev born?
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was born in Kalinovka in southern Russia on April 17, 1894. As a child, Khrushchev attended a religious school where he learned to read and write. He also took a job taking care of cattle and continued until he was in his early teens. At the age of fifteen he became an apprentice (a student learning the trade) mechanic in Yuzovka, a growing town in the Ukraine, where his father was working as a miner. When his apprenticeship ended, he was employed as a machine repairman in coal mines of the region, where he worked for nearly a decade.
How did Khrushchev gain power?
By installing his supporters in important party positions and making some critical political alliances , Khrushchev gained power over the seven who shared power with him and by 1955 he was clearly the foremost political figure in the Soviet Union. Even that important status was enhanced three years later, when he became chairman of the Council of Ministers, succeeding Nikolai Bulganin (1895–1975). With that, he became the most powerful man in the country—as chairman of the Council of Ministers, he was head of the government and, as first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, he was head of the party.
Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
The Soviet political leader Nikita Khrushchev was a major force in world politics in the second half of the twentieth century. His leadership played a key role in the 1960s during the height of the Cold War, a four-decade standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Where was Khrushchev born?
Early Years. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894, in Kalinovka, Russia, near the Ukrainian border. After a few years at the village school, Khrushchev found work in a factory at age fifteen. In 1918, he joined the Communist Party and fought in the Red Army during the Russian Revolution.
What was Khrushchev's personality?
Complex Personality. During much of the Cold War, Khrushchev could be charming, playfully combative or belligerent, depending on his audience. Publicly, he called for a peaceful coexistence with the West and then warned “We will bury you!”.
What did Khrushchev do after Stalin's death?
After Joseph Stalin ’s death in 1953, Khrushchev deftly used his political skills to transfer or isolate political enemies who threatened his rise to party leadership.
How did Khrushchev achieve his goals?
Yet Khrushchev also launched bold but unattainable agricultural goals by increasing production in areas not suitable for crops. He relaxed production on military goods and increased production of consumer goods only to impose cutbacks during the arms race.
Why did Khrushchev retire?
On October 14, 1964, the Central Committee accepted Khrushchev’s request to retire due to his “advanced age and poor health. ”. He was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev and spent his remaining years at his estate. Khrushchev died of natural causes on September 11, 1971.
What was the kitchen debate?
And in what became known as the “kitchen debate,” in July 1959 Khrushchev verbally sparred with U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon over Soviet versus American innovation in home appliances, among other major disagreements.
Who was the first Soviet leader to visit the United States?
In 1959, Nikita Khrushchev became the first Soviet Union chief to visit the United States, meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Who Was Nikita Khrushchev? “War is not fatalistically inevitable.”. “We offer the capitalist countries peaceful competition.” “Whether you like it or not, history is on our side.
Where was Khrushchev born?
Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894, in Kalinovka, a small Russian village near the Ukrainian border. At age 14 he moved with his family to the Ukrainian mining town of Yuzovka, where he apprenticed as a metalworker and performed other odd jobs. Despite his religious upbringing, Khrushchev joined the communist Bolsheviks in 1918, more than a year after they had seized power in the Russian Revolution. During the subsequent Russian Civil War, Khrushchev’s first wife, with whom he had two children, died of typhus. He later remarried and had four more children.
What happened to Khrushchev in 1964?
In October 1964 Khrushchev was called back from a vacation in Pitsunda, Georgia, and forced to resign as both premier and head of the Communist Party. Khrushchev wrote his memoirs and quietly lived out the remainder of his days before dying of a heart attack in September 1971.
What did Khrushchev say about Stalin?
Once a loyal Stalinist, Khrushchev gave a long speech in February 1956 that criticized Stalin for arresting and deporting opponents, for elevating himself above the party and for incompetent wartime leadership , among other things. This withering, albeit incomplete, indictment of Stalin was supposed to remain secret.
What was Khrushchev's relationship with the West?
Khrushchev’s Relationship With Foreign Leaders. Khrushchev had a complicated relationship with the West. A fervent believer in communism, he nonetheless preferred peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries. Unlike Stalin, he even visited the United States.
Why did Khrushchev approve the construction of the Berlin Wall?
The following year, Khrushchev approved the construction of the Berlin Wall in order to stop East Germans from fleeing to capitalist West Germany. Cold War tensions reached a high point in October 1962 when the United States discovered Soviet nuclear missiles stationed in Cuba.
When did Khrushchev remove Stalin's remains?
Starting in 1957, Khrushchev made some minor attempts to rehabilitate Stalin’s image. But he switched course once again in 1961, when the city of Stalingrad was renamed and Stalin’s remains were removed from Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square.
How did Khrushchev's break with China affect his presidency?
The break with China and food shortages in the USSR eroded Khrushchev’s legitimacy in the eyes of other high-ranking Soviet officials, who were already bothered by what they saw as his erratic tendency to undercut their authority. In October 1964 Khrushchev was called back from a vacation in Pitsunda, Georgia, and forced to resign as both premier and head of the Communist Party. Khrushchev wrote his memoirs and quietly lived out the remainder of his days before dying of a heart attack in September 1971. Nonetheless, his spirit of reform lived on during the perestroika era of the 1980s.
When did Nikita Khrushchev die?
He was forced out of power in October 1964, retired to his Moscow dacha and took no further part in Soviet politics. When Khrushchev died in 1971, he was not even given the honour of a state funeral. Citation information. Title: “Nikita Khrushchev”. Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson.
What did Khrushchev do as a child?
Shortly before World War I Khrushchev took on a job as a pipe fitter, also becoming involved in trade unions.
What did Khrushchev do to intimidate Kennedy?
In 1961, Khrushchev attempted to intimidate the incoming American president, John F Kennedy, at a summit in Vienna. The following year he authorised the installation of Soviet missile launchers in Cuba and engaged in brinkmanship with Kennedy and the US, culminating in the Cuban missile crisis.
What was Khrushchev's relationship with the US?
On the international front, Khrushchev’s relationships with the US and the West were more amicable at first, though this was shattered by his ranting speeches and ultimatums on Berlin in the late 1950s. In 1961, Khrushchev attempted to intimidate the incoming American president, John F Kennedy, at a summit in Vienna.
What was Khrushchev's role in World War II?
In 1938 he was appointed party chief in Ukraine, and during World War II he served on the Eastern Front and in Stalingrad as a party commissar. In 1949, Khrushchev was recalled to Moscow by Stalin, who feared a move against him and wanted to surround himself with acolytes.
How did Khrushchev's wife die?
His first wife died from typhus, caused by the deprivation of the Civil War. True to his communist principles, Khrushchev insisted her coffin be hauled over a fence into the graveyard rather than pass through the church.
Why did Khrushchev become a leader of the Communist Party?
He ascended quickly through the ranks of the party, in part because of his loyalty to Joseph Stalin. This loyalty extended to his direct involvement in Stalin’s purges of the Communist Party in the 1930s.
Where did Khrushchev and his wife go on a tour?
On September 19, Khrushchev and his wife arrived in Los Angeles. The day began pleasantly enough, with a tour of the Twentieth Century Fox Studios in Hollywood.
What did MacLaine do to Khrushchev?
MacLaine greeted Khrushchev in broken Russian and then attempted to engage the premier in an impromptu dance . Khrushchev jovially begged off and then stood by while the cast members performed a number from the film.
What happened to Khrushchev during the Cold War?
In one of the more surreal moments in the history of the Cold War, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev explodes with anger when he learns that he cannot visit Disneyland. The incident marked the climax of Khrushchev’s day in Los Angeles, one that was marked by both frivolity and tension.
What was Khrushchev's plan?
The plan, Khrushchev suggested, was to needle him, “rub” America’s strength in his face, and make him “a little shaky in the knees.”.
Why did Khrushchev get angry at Disneyland?
Khrushchev’s anger increased when he learned that he would not be allowed to visit Disneyland. Government authorities feared that the crowds would pose a safety hazard for the premier. Khrushchev, still fuming about the debate with Skouras, exploded.
Did Khrushchev leave Los Angeles?
Khrushchev left Los Angeles the next morning. From photo ops with Shirley MacLaine to a heated debate with the head of a movie studio and a childish outburst about not being allowed into Disneyland, Khrushchev’s day in Los Angeles was full of activity.
Who Was Nikita Khrushchev?
Early Years
- Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894, in Kalinovka, Russia, near the Ukrainian border. After a few years at the village school, Khrushchev found work in a factory at age fifteen. In 1918, he joined the Communist Party and fought in the Red Army during the Russian Revolution. After the war, he received a technical education and b...
Rise to Power and De-Stalinization
- After Joseph Stalin’s death in 1953, Khrushchev deftly used his political skills to transfer or isolate political enemies who threatened his rise to party leadership. On February 24, 1956, he denounced the excesses of the Stalin era for several hours, stunning delegates attending the 20th Communist Party Congress. His de-Stalinization policy prompted movements against Soviet control in Polan…
Complex Personality
- During much of the Cold War, Khrushchev could be charming, playfully combative or belligerent, depending on his audience. Publicly, he called for a peaceful coexistence with the West and then warned “We will bury you!” And in what became known as the “kitchen debate,” in July 1959 Khrushchev verbally sparred with U.S. Vice President Richard Nixonover Soviet versus American …
Cold War and Missile Crisis
- Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States cooled considerably after the downing of an American U-2 spy plane in 1960. The following year, the failed U.S.-backed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba and the start of construction on the Berlin Wall in Germany further worsened relations. In early 1962, Khrushchev had devised a plan to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. In Oct…
Final Years and Death
- Though the agreement avoided a nuclear showdown, much to the relief of most of the world, senior Communist Party officials saw it as a loss of prestige for the Soviet Union. This, along with two years of poor economic growth and strained relations with China, among other issues, gave Khrushchev’s political enemies in the Kremlin enough momentum to oust him from power. On O…