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What happened to Philip II of Spain?
When Philip II died of cancer at El Escorial in 1598, Spain was still at the height of its power; it took almost 50 years before it was clear that the Counter-Reformation would make no further major conquests.
When did Philip II of Spain died?
September 13, 1598Philip II of Spain / Date of deathPhilip II (21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent (Spanish: Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598.
Where did Philip II of Spain live?
NetherlandsPhilip II of Spain / Places lived
Did Philip II of Spain marry his niece?
Finally, Philip married his niece, Anna of Austria. Anna was born in November 1549, making her husband a full twenty-two years her elder. Anna's father was the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II. Anna was betrothed to Philip in 1569 and the two were married by proxy in 1570.
Who was the best King of Spain?
King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent of the House of Habsburg, was unarguably the most important ruler in Spanish history. Born in 1527, Philip II Led Spain to the height of influence and power, and also of its artistic, literary, and musical excellence.
Who was the Philippines named after?
(later King Philip II) of SpainThe Philippines was named after Prince Philip (later King Philip II) of Spain, by the Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos during his 1542-1546 expedition to the islands.
Where is King Philip buried?
Later that evening, the Queen was buried with her husband, Prince Philip, alongside her parents and sister in Windsor Castle's King George VI Memorial Chapel in the Royal Vault. The burial and service was entirely private, attended by King Charles and other members of the royal family.
What did King Philip of France do to his daughter?
Isabella of FrancePhilip IV of France / DaughterIsabella of France, sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France, was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward II, and regent of England from 1327 until 1330. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. Wikipedia
Who will be the next King of England?
Prince CharlesPrince Charles is presently heir (next in line) to the British throne. He will not become king until his mother, Queen Elizabeth, abdicates (gives up the throne), retires or dies. When either of these happen, Prince Charles may abdicate and pass the throne to his eldest son Prince William.
What nationality was King Philip?
Philip was born in Greece, into the Greek and Danish royal families; his family was exiled from the country when he was eighteen months old. After being educated in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, he joined the Royal Navy in 1939, when he was 18 years old....Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.Prince PhilipCommands heldHMS Magpie25 more rows
Why was the Philippines named after King Philip?
The Philippines are named after King Philip II (1527-1598) of Spain. The country was discovered by the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 (while in Spanish service). Later tension arose between Portugal and Spain and in 1542 Spain re-claimed the islands for themselves, naming them after its then king.
What did Philip II think of Mary I?
Philip II of Spain wrote to his sister in Spain about Mary's untimely death: “You may imagine what a state I am in. It seems to me that everything is being taken from me at once.” With regards to Mary's death, he added: “May God have received her in His glory! I felt a reasonable regret for her death.
What happened to king Philip after queen Mary died?
He married Elisabeth, Princess of France as his 3rd wife, after the death of his second, Mary Tudor, Queen of England.
What did king Philip of France do to his daughter?
Isabella of FrancePhilip IV of France / DaughterIsabella of France, sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France, was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward II, and regent of England from 1327 until 1330. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. Wikipedia
Did Prince Philip pass away?
April 9, 2021Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh / Date of death
Why was the Philippines named after king Philip?
The Philippines are named after King Philip II (1527-1598) of Spain. The country was discovered by the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 (while in Spanish service). Later tension arose between Portugal and Spain and in 1542 Spain re-claimed the islands for themselves, naming them after its then king.
Who was Philip II?
Philip II was a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He served as king of the Spaniards from 1556 to 1598 and as king of the Portuguese (as Philip I) fr...
How did Philip II become king?
Philip II was born on May 21, 1527, in Valladolid, Spain. Philip was the son of Charles V—the reigning Holy Roman emperor—and Isabella of Portugal....
What is Philip II known for?
Philip II is remembered both for his failures and for his successes. As a ruler, Philip was stubborn, bitter, and paranoid—and his court was no bet...
Who succeeded Philip II?
Philip II married four times and was four times a widower. The son of his first wife, Maria of Portugal, died in prison in 1568. His second wife, M...
Who was Philip II?
Philip II, (born May 21, 1527, Valladolid, Spain—died September 13, 1598, El Escorial), king of the Spaniards (1556–98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580–98), champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. During his reign the Spanish empire attained ...
Where was Philip II born?
Philip II was born on May 21, 1527, in Valladolid, Spain. Philip was the son of Charles V —the reigning Holy Roman emperor—and Isabella of Portugal. Philip was prepared to succeed Charles almost from birth.
How many wives did Philip II have?
Philip II married four times and was four times a widower. The son of his first wife, Maria of Portugal, died in prison in 1568. His second wife, Mary I of England, bore him no children. His third wife, Elizabeth of Valois, bore him two daughters. Philip fathered a son by his fourth wife and cousin, Anna of Austria.
What did Philip of England get from Charles V?
Philip had received the duchy of Milan from Charles V in 1540 and the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily in 1554 on the occasion of his marriage to Mary of England. On October 25, 1555, Charles resigned the Netherlands in Philip’s favour and on January 16, 1556, the kingdoms of Spain and the Spanish overseas empire. Shortly afterward Philip also received the Franche-Comté. The Habsburg dominions in Germany and the imperial title went to his uncle Ferdinand I. At this time Philip was in the Netherlands. After the victory over the French at Saint-Quentin (1557), the sight of the battlefield gave him a permanent distaste for war, though he did not shrink from it when he judged it necessary.
How many marriages did Philip have?
Philip contracted four marriages. The first was with his cousin Maria of Portugal in 1543. She died in 1545, giving birth to the ill-fated Don Carlos. In 1554 Philip married Mary I of England and became joint sovereign of England until Mary’s death, without issue, in 1558. Philip’s third marriage, with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559, was the result of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France. Elizabeth bore Philip two daughters, Isabella Clara Eugenia (1566–1633) and Catherine Micaela (1567–97). Elizabeth died in 1568, and in 1570 Philip married Anna of Austria, daughter of his first cousin the emperor Maximilian II. She died in 1580. Her only surviving son became Philip III.
What were Philip II's failures?
It was slow and ineffective, prone to factionalism and infighting. The failures of Philip’s government were great: it failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands (beginning in 1566), and it sacrificed the “ Invincible Armada ” to the English in 1588. Its successes, however, were also great. Under Philip, the Ottomans were defeated (1571), the spread of Protestantism in Italy and Spain was prevented, and a literary Golden Age began.
What did Charles give Philip?
Charles gradually increased Philip’s responsibilities as he aged. In 1540 Charles gave the duchy of Milan to Philip. In 1555 Charles resigned the Netherlands to Philip. In 1556 Charles resigned the kingdoms of Spain, the Spanish overseas empire, and the Franche-Comté to Philip.
Who was the king of Spain in 1568?
Alonso Sánchez Coello: King Philip II of Spain in Spanish court dress with the Order of the Golden Fleece, c. 1568. Philip took refuge in extreme religiosity, turning away from the world and its pleasures and finding solace in work. He developed a constant mistrust of those around him, and made sure they felt his power: Philip was a master ...
What was Philip II's life like?
Philip II: old age and death. Philip’s life was dominated by the urgent concern of his succession. The tragic fate of his first son Don Carlos and the unpromising development of his heir, Philip, (later Philip III) very nearly led to the Spanish dynasty dying out at the height of its power.
What is Philip II?
Philip II: youth and influences. Philip II as regent over the Spanish Empire. Philip II: the most powerful ruler of his time. El Siglo de Oro – the Spanish Golden Age. Philip II: old age and death. Philip II: marriages and offspring. Don Carlos: the tragedy of the king’s son.
What was Philip's response to the Armada?
When news of this arrived, Philip reacted soberly, saying: ‘I sent my fleet against men, not against the wind and the waves!’
Where is Martin Mutschlechner buried?
He died at the age of seventy-one in the Escorial, where he is also buried, in the Pantheon, the mausoleum of the Spanish kings in the crypt of the palace church. Martin Mutschlechner. Next chapter. ...
What was the legacy of Philip II?
Philip II inherited from his predecessor an unfinished war with France and a debt of some 20 million ducats. While his ally England (to whose queen, Mary Tudor, Philip was married) lost Calais, Philip’s own armies won considerable victories, and he was able to conclude the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis with France (1559), which confirmed Spanish possessions and hegemony in Italy and which left the frontiers of the Netherlands intact. But the financial position had deteriorated irretrievably, and Philip’s governments, both in Madrid and in Brussels, had to declare a moratorium on their debts, or rather a forcible lowering of the very high rates of interest on government loans and a rescheduling of the repayments of short-term loans. It was the first of three such moratoriums in Philip II’s reign—the other two were declared in 1575 and 1596—and it set the tone for the remainder of Habsburg rule in Spain, marked by growing disparity between the monarchy’s imperial policies and the financial resources at its disposal to carry out these policies. For the rest of the 16th century this disparity was still largely masked by the fluctuating, but generally increasing, shipments of silver from the New World. These shipments inspired both the king and his German and Genoese creditors with the perennial hope of new treasure to pay off ever growing debts. But the armies and navies continued to swallow up more than the stream of American silver. Much of the money was already spent in the ports and coastal areas where the troops assembled and waited for embarkation to Italy or the Netherlands. Moreover, successive naval building programs provided further economic stimulus to the peripheral areas of the peninsula rather than the centre, Castile—which, however, had the highest rates of taxation. Thus, the financial burden of empire fell more and more on Castile, and it was these conditions that did much to determine the course of Spanish history for the next 100 years.
Where did Philip II's galleys lose?
When Philip II returned to Spain in 1559, he still faced a naval war with the Turks, and in the following year his galleys suffered a humiliating and costly defeat at the island of Jarbah (off Tunisia’s east coast).
What was the most immediate problem in the Spanish government?
The most immediate problem was that of the Moriscos of Granada. The attempt to Christianize and assimilate them had proceeded only very slowly. In the 1560s the ineptitude and the wrangling among the different public authorities in Andalusia brought government to a virtual standstill. The captain general of Granada, in charge of defense and internal security, was quarreling with the municipal council of Granada and with the audiencia, the supreme court for Andalusia, over precedence, rights of jurisdiction, and the ownership of some pastures. The audiencia, in its turn, quarreled with the Inquisition over disputed rights of jurisdiction, as did the captain general. He was supported by the archbishop of Granada, who was, however, involved in a lawsuit with his cathedral chapter. Such disputes were typical of the Spanish system of government, and it was also characteristic that they became immediately involved in faction fights at Philip II’s court. These were therefore rarely settled according to their merits but according to the prevailing political alignment at court. In this case the governor-general, who had usually acted as the protector of the Moriscos against exploitation by the Christians, lost. The government in Madrid first sent a commission to inquire into titles of land, and this commission confiscated mainly Morisco land. In 1567 a decree was published forbidding the Moriscos the use of their Muslim names and dress and even their Arabic language. Internal security was transferred from the governor-general to the audiencia. This decision meant that now there was no one to protect the peaceful Morisco farmers from the large number of outlaws in the Alpujarras mountains. On Christmas Day, 1568, they rose against the hated Christians. It took two years of ferocious campaigning, with dreadful atrocities committed by both sides, before the rebellion was put down. The Moriscos of Granada were then deported in small groups to different parts of Castile and settled in a last attempt to achieve assimilation. In the absence of systematic education and in the face of the hostility of the Christian population, this attempt was also doomed to failure.
How did the king of Spain keep control of his viceroys and governors?
The king kept control over his viceroys and governors by weekly, sometimes daily, correspondence, carried by the excellent postal service that the house of Austria had organized in Europe. All important political decisions were thus taken in Madrid, and there the king relied almost entirely on Spaniards for advice.
What did Philip II hate?
Much as Philip II hated and feared a possible Huguenot (French Protestant) victory in France, he was content to see the civil wars continue, anxious most often to intervene on the side of the Catholics yet sometimes covertly offering help to the Huguenots.
How long did Spain's foreign policy last after the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis?
It was natural, therefore, that Spanish foreign policy remained on the defensive for 20 years after the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis.
When did Spain sign a truce with the Ottoman government?
In 1580 Spain signed a truce with the Sublime Porte (Ottoman government). From about 1580 the Spanish government became convinced that the rebellion (1568–1609) and heresy in the Netherlands could not be crushed as long as the rebels received help from England and France.
How old was Philip II when he died?
Philip II of Spain was born on May 21, 1527 and died on September 13, 1598. Philip was 71 years old at the time of death.
Who was Philip II?
Philip II of Spain was King of Castile as Philip II and King of Naples, Aragon, and Portugal as Philip I. During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was King of England and Ireland and pretender to the kingdom of France. As heir to the Duchy of Burgundy, he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. Known in Spanish as "Philip the Prudent" (Felipe el Prudente), his empire included territories in every continent then known to Europeans and during his reign Spain was the foremost Western European power. Under his rule, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, directing explorations all around the world and settling the colonisation of territories in all the known continents including his namesake Philippine islands. However, he was also responsible for four separate state bankruptcies in 1557, 1560, 1575, and 1596; precipitating the declaration of independence which created the Dutch Republic in 1581; and the disastrous fate of the 1588 invasion of England.
Who was Philip II's sister?
Philip’s younger sister, Joan of Austria, married Maria Manuela’s brother, John Manuel . Joan’s husband died while she was pregnant with their son Sebastian. Joan returned to Spain without her son and served as regent for Philip in Spain while he was in England during part of his marriage to his second wife, Mary. Later, when Sebastian died without issue, Philip II became King of Portugal.
Who were Philip's parents?
Philip’s parents were Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Isabella of Portugal . Charles and Isabella were maternal first cousins: their mothers were sisters Joanna or Juana of Castile and Aragon and Maria of Aragon, daughters of the powerful Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon.
Why did Philip II marry?
The marriages of Philip II, king of Spain, highlight the roles that women were expected to play in royal marriages of the time. All of the marriages helped foster political alliances – either with other countries with whom Spain wanted peace in the interest of building more Spanish influence and power, or with closer relatives to keep the power of Spain, and the Habsburg family, strong. Also, Philip remarried each time a wife died and kept fathering children in the hopes of having a healthy son. While Spain had recently seen a woman ruler in Isabella I, and before that in the 12 th century in Urraca, that was Castile’s tradition. Aragon’s tradition of following Salic Law would have confused the issue if Philip left only female heirs.
How many children did Philip and Anna have?
Philip and Anna had five children, only one surviving childhood: Ferdinand, who died at seven; Charles Laurence, who died before he was two; Diego, who died at seven; Philip, later Philip III of Spain, who lived to age 43; and a daughter Maria, who died at three. Anna died giving birth to Maria in 1580.
How many wives did Philip have?
Philip was closely related by blood to three of his four wives. Three of his wives had children; these three all died in childbirth.
Why did Philip's father give up the title of King of Naples to Mary?
When the marriage was being proposed, Philip’s father gave up the title of King of Naples to Philip, to raise his status in the marriage. Philip was given equal status in many ways to Mary with the marriage, but only so long as the marriage lasted. Many in England preferred that Mary marry an Englishman.
Why did Maria die?
Maria died on August 12, due to complications of the childbirth. Carlos, recognized in 1560 as the heir to the Spanish crown as Philip’s eldest son, was physically deformed and had delicate health, and as he grew older, mental problems became apparent, especially after a head injury sustained in a fall in 1562.
How many children did Philip II have?
Despite being married four times and siring eight children, Philip II was plagued with concern for the succession. Apart from a daughter and a son most of his children predeceased him. Alonso Sánchez Coello: Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain, painting, 1571. Alonso Sánchez Coello: Isabella of Valois, Queen of Spain, painting, ca 1560.
Who was the most powerful ruler of Spain?
Philip II: the most powerful ruler of his time. El Siglo de Oro – the Spanish Golden Age. Philip II: old age and death. Philip II: marriages and offspring. Don Carlos: the tragedy of the king’s son. Alonso Sánchez Coello: Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain, painting, 1571. Alonso Sánchez Coello: Isabella of Valois, Queen of Spain, painting, ca 1560. ...
Who was the sole ruler of the Netherlands?
Albrecht died in 1621, leaving Isabella as sole ruler.
Who was Philip's first wife?
Philip’s first marriage was to Maria of Portugal (1527–1545). However, this was to be of brief duration, as his young wife died giving birth to her first child. This son, who was given the name of Charles, was a sickly child with a deformed head, but nevertheless represented the only hope of continuing the line for a long time. Charles (1545–1568) is better known to posterity by the Spanish form of his name as Don Carlos from the mark his tragic life has left in literary and musical history.
How did Anna die?
Anna died in 1580 from influenza during her seventh pregnancy. Now widowed for the fourth time, Philip refused to marry again.
