Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.
Where can rutile be found?
Rutilated quartz is found in Australia, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Norway, Pakistan and the United States. Rutile is a major ore of titanium, which is a metal used for high tech alloys. It often forms needle-like crystal inclusions inside quartz. How is rutile extracted? Titanium is extracted from its ore, rutile - TiO2.
What is the origin of the name rutile?
Rutile comes in several different environments, including plutonic and intrusive igneous rocks and granite s, metamorphic gneiss and schist s, carbonatite s, regional metamorphic schist s, and hydrothermal replacement deposits (including vein s in alpine cavities ). Also in detrital river and beach deposits. Rock Type.
Where does rutilated quartz come from?
Jan 23, 2019 · Rutile is a substance that makes frequent appearances in the gemstone world. Rutile is responsible for the "silk" that makes some rubies and sapphires especially valuable. It is also the cause of most asterism (the star effect) and chatoyancy (the cat's eye effect). It is microscopic inclusions of rutile that create these unusual optical phenomena.
What is the purpose of rutile?
Jun 23, 2021 · During the Middle Ages, Vikings believed rutile came from Freyja, their “lady sovereign.” Freyja is one of the central goddesses in Norse mythology. She’s similar to Venus in her affiliation with beauty, love, and the finer things in life. According to ancient mythology, if any part of a god or goddess was detached, it wouldn’t die.
Where is rutile most commonly found?
Rutile is also mined from apatite veins in the Gjerstadvatnet and Vegårshei regions of Norway. It is widespread in the Alps and, in the United States, is abundant in Magnet Cove, Arkansas; in central Virginia; and on Shooting Creek, North Carolina. For detailed physical properties, see oxide mineral (table).
Where is rutile quartz found?
Rutilated quartz can be found in Australia, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Norway, Pakistan and the United States. Golden rutilated quartz was first found in Brazil in the in the Serra da Mangabeira mountain range in the 1940's where miners were originally picking up pieces of clear quartz for optical uses.Jun 21, 2013
How is rutile found?
Rutile is commonly found in metamorphic rocks, such as eclogite. Rutile is also found as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, particularly in deeper-formed plutonic igneous rocks and also volcanic rocks with deep sources, such as kimberlites. Rutile is an important economic mineral that is mined for titanium.Oct 3, 2011
Is rutile a rare mineral?
Rutile, often referred throughout history as Red Schorl,is a rare titanium oxide mineral that crystallizes in the form of grains, masses, prismatic crystals and long needle like crystals. These needle shaped crystals can be found penetrating other minerals such as Quartz, Amethyst, and Hematite.
Is rutilated quartz real gold?
Rutilated quartz is a variety of quartz which contains acicular (needle-like) inclusions of rutile. It is used for gemstones. These inclusions mostly look golden, but they also can look silver, copper red or deep black.
Why is rutile white?
Rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) white pigment has been prepared by doping and calcination of metatitanic acid (H2TiO3) obtained by the NaOH molten salt method.Jul 14, 2010
Is rutile soluble in water?
The calculated solubility of rutile, anatase, and Ti(OH) 4 in the water solution at 20−320 °C is reported in Figure 1 (solid lines). The solubility of rutile is rather low and ranges between 2 × 10 −6 at 20 °C and 2 × 10 −4 mol/kg at 320 °C. ... ...
What element is in rutile?
Rutile is a major mineral source of the element titanium. Rutile is typically about 60% titanium and 40% oxygen. It can have some iron present, sometimes up to 10%.
How much is rutile worth?
According to Modern Jeweler, the demand for rutilated quartz by jewelry designers is so strong that nice cabochons are selling for as much as $20 or more per carat in the USA.
What type of rock is rutile?
Rutile is a titanium oxide mineral with a chemical composition of TiO2. It is found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks throughout the world. Rutile also occurs as needle-shaped crystals in other minerals.
What colors does rutile come in?
Rutile InformationDataValueColorsBlack, gray, deep red, brownish red. Greenish (if Nb present), also bluish and violet. A variety rich in Cr is deep green.LusterMetallic to adamantineHardness6-6.5FractureConchoidal to uneven21 more rows
What is rutile mineral?
The Mineral rutile. Rutile comes in a surprising contrast of distinct habits and colors, making it a very interesting mineral. It has multiple unique crystal forms as well as several telltale colors, styles, and associations. Rutile can range from mirror-like metallic-looking crystals, to dark reddish sub-metallic crystals, ...
Where do lustrous rutile crystals come from?
Lustrous Rutile crystals come from Ribaue, in the Alto Ligonha pegmatite, Mozambique. Brazil has several outstanding Rutile occurrences, including those that contain the most prolific Rutilated Quartz sources.
What is the name of the rarer polymorphs?
Rarer polymorph s include Brookite and Anatase, both which also form unique and distinctive crystals. The name Rutile is derived from the Latin "Rutilus", in reference to a common color habit of this mineral in dark red but lustrous crystals. Chemical Formula. TiO2. Composition.
Where do prismatic crystals come from?
Beautiful dark red and etched prismatic crystals come from Hiddenite and Stony Point, Alexander Co. , North Carolina; and interesting sixling s and other twinned forms were well-known from the soils of Parkesburg, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, especially as floater crystal s.
Is rutilated quartz a gemstone?
It is also a popular collectors mineral. Rutilated Quartz is used as a gemstone and as an ornamental stone. Rutile is found in a host of different mineral deposits in hundreds of localities worldwide, but its occurrence is usually limited to small and isolated crystals.
Where are rutiles found?
The most important rutile deposits are in Sierra Leone in West Africa where 30% of the world's supply is located. Other deposits are found in Minas Gerais, Brazil, the Swiss Alps and Arkansas in the USA.
What is rutile in gemstones?
Rutile is a substance that makes frequent appearances in the gemstone world. Rutile is responsible for the "silk" that makes some rubies and sapphires especially valuable. It is also the cause of most asterism (the star effect) and chatoyancy (the cat's eye effect). It is microscopic inclusions of rutile that create these unusual optical phenomena. Rutile becomes visible in the inclusions characteristic of rutilated quartz, where large rutile needles form fascinating and unique patterns.
What is rutile made of?
Can you buy gemstones made entirely from rutile? Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide. Its refractive index is among the highest of any known mineral, at 2.616 to 2.903. Diamond, by contrast, has a refractive index of 2.417 to 2.419.
What is the hardness of rutile?
It has a density or specific gravity of 4.20 to 4.30 and a hardness rating of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale.
Is synthetic rutile a gemstone?
Synthetic Rutile. Natural rutile is rarely found as a gemstone (it is mostly seen as inclusions in other gems) and is classified as a collector's stone. Synthetic rutile was first produced in 1948, by a special variation of the Verneuil method, using extra oxygen.
Is rutile hard or soft?
However, because rutile is not especially hard, it was eventually replaced by more durable diamond simulants. Rutile has some important industrial applications. Finely powdered rutile produces a brilliant white pigment that is used in paint, plastic, paper, food, and other materials that call for a bright white color.
Is rutile a diamond?
The high refractive index gives an adamantine luster and strong refraction that leads to a diamond-like appearance. Synthetic rutile was sold as a diamond simulant in the 1950s, under names such as Titania. However, because rutile is not especially hard, it was eventually replaced by more durable diamond simulants.
What is a Rutilated Quartz Stone?
Rutilated quartz is an included quartz mineral whose colorful inclusions shoot through its transparent interior. Each rutilated quartz stone is unique because the inclusions can differ in color, shape, and size. Regardless of their differences, every one of these stones shares empowering spiritual properties.
Rutilated Quartz Specifications and Characteristics
Rutilated quartz is a type of quartz mineral with needle-like inclusions that vary in thickness, length, pattern, and color. The inclusions are composed of a titanium dioxide mineral called rutile. In terms of titanium dioxide minerals, rutile is the most common naturally occurring type.
Rutilated Quartz History & Mythology
While most quartz stones have been admired since the days of old, rutilated quartz didn’t gain proper appreciation as a gemstone until the last century.
Rutilated Quartz Stone Meaning
The name rutilated quartz has two origins, one for each word. “Rutile” comes from the Latin word rutilus, which means reddish. But rutile inclusions aren’t always red, right? That’s true, but the first rutile mineral discovered was red. In fact, it went by “red schorl” for a few decades before the name rutile was used.
Rutilated Quartz Spiritual and Healing Properties
We’ve discussed some of the symbolism and spiritual properties of rutilated quartz, but what is rutilated quartz used for?
Rutilated Quartz Gemstone Properties
Savvy shoppers know that a gemstone’s properties are crucial to look into before buying it.
Rutilated Quartz Stone Origins and Sources
Rutilated quartz usually forms through a hydrothermal process. When the rock pegmatite forms, hot magma gradually cools, leaving behind cracks and fissures. Within these openings, silica and other minerals solidify, then crystallize into quartz.
What does rutile mean in Latin?
Meaning. The term ‘Rutilated’ is derived from ‘Rutilus’, a Latin word that means glowing red. The rutile element made up of titanium oxide inside the quartz is present in the form of hair-like strands or threads known as inclusions that are either red, copper, golden, silver, brown, green, or black.
What is the most important physical characteristic of rutile quartz?
The growth of rutile strands is the most important physical characteristic of rutile quartz to generate different patterns. The strands can grow in parallel, in a lattice pattern, as a star-like design, or as any other random pattern. A few gemstones have few rutile strands, while some are full of them.
What does rutilated quartz do?
They believe that rutilated quartz also helps in improving the power to make decisions. Its metaphysical properties allow its owner or wearer to come out of the confusion related to the personal or professional life. The crystal therapists believe that the stone promotes spirituality and boosts meditation.
What is the name of the gemstone that is a strand of golden?
The gemstone is also known as Angel Hair Quartz, Venus Hair Stone, Golden Rutilated Quartz, Rutilquarz, and Sagenitic Quartz. The first two names come from the flowing threads of golden.
What is quartz found in?
Usually found in metamorphic rocks known as eclogite, this form of quartz is also present in volcanic rocks as kimberlites and in igneous rocks. The igneous varieties typically have smaller rutile strands than those in metamorphic rocks. When found as big rutiles, these stones are known as pegmatites.
Is rutilated quartz valuable?
However, those in rutilated quartz make the gemstone more valuable as well as desirable. This gemstone is actually treasured due to its distinct inclusions. Let’s find out more about this beautiful and healing stone.
Is a transparent stone more expensive than a rutilated stone?
A transparent stone having a yellow-golden tone is in high demand for its artistic look and metaphysical properties. Thus, it is more expensive than the other forms of rutilated quartz. Red and black are the next popular color varieties.
What color is rutile quartz?
And while we have golden rutilated quartz, the rutile inclusions also be more copper, red-brown, black or silver in color. Most pieces of rutile are small needles such as threads within the stone. The golden rutilated quartz is usually known as the “Hair of Venus”.
Why use gold rutilated quartz?
Golden rutilated quartz can help clear out any energy blockages of all chakras, energizing them and stimulating the alignment of your body and mind. This kind of quartz helps in strengthening your motivation and willpower, as well as attuning you to your Divine purpose and connecting you to ...
What chakras does golden rutilated quartz work with?
The golden rutilated quartz works well within all your chakras, buts it mainly works with the solar plexus, the seat of the will. It allows you to use your energy to manifest prosperity and abundance in your life.
Is gold rutilated quartz good for healing?
It helps enhance psychic abilities and helps in powerful healing making it a must-have for your crystal collections. Hopefully, you have learned a lot of facts about gold rutilated quartz in this post.
Where is titanium made?
Japan produces the third most titanium in the world at 40,000 metric tons in 2013. The Kabasawa mine located by the city of Sendai, in the Tohoku region produces titanium. Japan mainly produces titanium by producing titanium sponge and the Osaka Titanium Technologies Corporation is the world's second largest producer of this product.
What is the Titanium Valley?
In 2010 Russia announced the Titanium Valley, which is a planned special economic zone in Sverdlovsk Oblast to focus on creating titanium products. This SEZ will be headed by the world's largest titanium producer, Russian company VSMPO-AVISMA. 1.
Where is the fifth most titanium produced?
Ukraine produces the fifth most titanium in the world at 10,000 metric tons in 2013. The titanium industry consists of ilmenite and rutile production, titanium sponge production at the Zaporozhye Titanium & Magnesium Combine (ZTMK) and titanium ingot production by a few different smaller producers.
Which country has the sixth most titanium?
6. India. India produces the sixth most titanium in the world at 500 metric tons in 2013. India is home to major rutile deposits which are one of the primary minerals that bear titanium. There are abundant reserves of these deposits in concentrated producing areas, but they feature a lower grade of titanium concentrates than other primary minerals.
Where are rubies found?
Natural occurrence. The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar (Burma) was for centuries the world’s main source for rubies. That region has produced some of the finest rubies ever mined, but in recent years very few good rubies have been found there. The very best color in Myanmar rubies is sometimes described as “pigeon’s blood.”.
Where can I find rubies?
A few rubies have been found in the U.S. states of Montana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wyoming. While searching for aluminous schists in Wyoming, geologist Dan Hausel noted an association of vermiculite with ruby and sapphire and located six previously undocumented deposits.
Why is ruby red?
The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Its name comes from ruber, Latin for red. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is considered one of the four precious stones, together with sapphire, emerald and diamond.
What is the most expensive ruby?
The world’s most expensive ruby is the Sunrise Ruby.
What is the brightest ruby?
The brightest and most valuable “red” called blood-red or “pigeon blood”, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated.
Is a red spinel a ruby?
Red spinel may be mistaken for ruby by those lacking experience with gem s. However, the finest red spinels can have a value approaching that of the average ruby. Note: The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Wikipedia.
Overview
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.
Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispe…
Occurrence
Rutile is a common accessory mineral in high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic rocks and in igneous rocks.
Thermodynamically, rutile is the most stable polymorph of TiO2 at all temperatures, exhibiting lower total free energy than metastablephases of anatase or brookite. Consequently, the transformation of the metastable TiO2 …
Crystal structure
Rutile has a tetragonal unit cell, with unit cell parameters a = b = 4.584 Å, and c = 2.953 Å. The titanium cations have a coordination number of 6, meaning they are surrounded by an octahedron of 6 oxygen atoms. The oxygen anions have a coordination number of 3, resulting in a trigonal planar coordination. Rutile also shows a screw axis when its octahedra are viewed sequentially. When formed …
Application
In large enough quantities in beach sands, rutile forms an important constituent of heavy minerals and ore deposits. Miners extract and separate the valuable minerals – e.g., rutile, zircon, and ilmenite. The main uses for rutile are the manufacture of refractory ceramic, as a pigment, and for the production of titanium metal.
Synthetic rutile
Synthetic rutile was first produced in 1948 and is sold under a variety of names. It can be produced from the titanium ore ilmenite through the Becher process. Very pure synthetic rutile is transparent and almost colorless, being slightly yellow, in large pieces. Synthetic rutile can be made in a variety of colors by doping. The high refractive index gives an adamantine luster and strong refraction that leads to a diamond-like appearance. The near-colorless diamond substituteis …
See also
• List of minerals
External links
• "Rutile" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.