found among Neanderthals and ancient hominids. The practice of patrilocal residence has been found in a majority of the world's cultures that have been described ethnographically. Patrilocality refers to the custom of patrilocal residence, that is, the custom of a newly married couple taking up residence in the groom's family
What is patrilocal residence?
Historically, most of the cultures in the world (about 70%) used to practice patrilocal residence. Under this system, couples can also practice a distant marriage where they live in their respective families.
Where is patrilocality found today?
The practice has been found in around 70 percent of the world's modern human cultures that have been described ethnographically. Archaeological evidence for patrilocality has also been found among Neanderthal remains in Spain and for ancient hominids in Africa.
What is a patrilocal society?
The definition of patrilocal is a society or custom in which a married couple settles with or near the husband's family. An example of a society that would be described as patrilocal is a society where a woman gets married and moves next door to her husband's parents.
What is a patrilocal extended family?
Patrilocal extended families assume their functions in terms of joint ownership of productive domestic resources, usually under control of a household head, who also directs the labour of all household members. As household size increases in each generation, the the organization of working groups becomes unwieldy and domestic conflicts increase.
What is patrilocal residence example?
Patrilocal residence is structured by a rule that a man remains in his father's house after reaching maturity and brings his wife to live with his family after marriage. Daughters, conversely, move out of their natal household when they marry.
Where would a Neolocal family live?
Neolocal residence is a type of post-marital residence in which a newly married couple resides separately from both the husband's natal household and the wife's natal household. Neolocal residence forms the basis of most developed nations, especially in the West, and is also found among some nomadic communities.
Which countries cultures follow the Matrilocality residential pattern?
Examples of matrilocal societies include the people of Ngazidja in the Comoros, the Ancestral Puebloans of Chaco Canyon, the Nair community in Kerala in South India, the Moso of Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China, the Siraya of Taiwan, and the Minangkabau of western Sumatra.
What are patrilocal societies?
In social anthropology, patrilocal residence or patrilocality, also known as virilocal residence or virilocality, are terms referring to the social system in which a married couple resides with or near the husband's parents.
What is a Neolocal residence in anthropology?
Neolocal residence involves the creation of a new household each time a child marries (C) or even when he or she reaches adulthood and becomes economically active (D). Neolocal Residence, Subsequent Generation. In the next generation, C has had children, and D has married and had children.
Why is patrilocal residence important?
This is because it allows the groom to remain near his male relatives. Women do not remain in their natal household after marriage with this residence pattern. About 69% of the world's societies follow patrilocal residence, making it the most common.
What countries have matriarchal societies?
Women Lead Here: 8 Matriarchal Societies Around The WorldMinangkabau In Indonesia. With about 4.2 million members, Minangkabau is the largest matriarchal society in the world. ... Bribri In Costa Rica. ... Khasi In India. ... Mosuo In China. ... Nagovisi In New Guinea. ... Akan In Ghana. ... Umoja In Kenya. ... Garo In India.
Which tribes are matrilineal in Ghana?
"Matrilineal" means kinship is passed down through the maternal line. The Akans of Ghana, West Africa, are Matrilineal. Akans are the largest ethnic group in Ghana. They are made of the Akims, Asantes, Fantis, Akuapims, Kwahus, Denkyiras, Brongs, Akwamus, Krachis, etc.
What African countries are matriarchal?
Pre-capitalist, matriarchal civilisations in Africa included the Nigerian Zazzau, Sudanese Kandake, Angolan Nzinga, and Ashanti of Ghana, to name but a few. The quintessential African matriarchal system was most evident and most enduring in black Ancient Egypt.
What is difference between patrilocal and matrilocal?
With patrilocal being the most common form of residence, it is one in which a married couple lives with or very near to the man's parents. Conversely, a matrilocal system is one in which a married couple lives with or very near to the woman's parents.
What is patrilocal descent?
Patrilocality is found usually in societies that have patrilineal descent, which is when descent is traced only through male ancestors to their offspring. Because the husband is able to remain in his childhood setting while the wife is taken away from hers, patrilocality gives the husband's family more authority.
Are humans patrilocal?
Patrilocality, in which men stay in their birthplace and women move, occurs in about 70% of human societies4.
What is patrilocal residence?
Both matrilocal residence and patrilocal residence are terms that are used in social anthropology to describe where married couples settle after marriage. Also known as matrilocality, uxorilocality, or an uxorilocal residence, a matrilocal residence refers to a system where a married couple ...
What is the difference between patrilocality and matrilocality?
Also known as matrilocality, uxorilocality, or an uxorilocal residence, a matrilocal residence refers to a system where a married couple lives close or together with the parents of the wife. On the other hand, a patrilocal residence, which is also known as a virilocal residence, virilocality, or patrilocality, is when the couple lives close to ...
What societies were in Chaco Canyon?
Such societies include the Ancient Pueblo Peoples who lived in Chaco Canyon and the Moso of southwestern China. In the case of China, the government encourages this system to create a balance in the ratio between males and females. In ancient Japan, this system was a sign of the authority and power of the woman’s family.
What is a patrilocal residence?
Patrilocal residence is structured by a rule that a man remains in his father's house after reaching maturity and brings his wife to live with his family after marriage. Daughters, conversely, move out of their natal household when they marry.
What is a patrilocal extended family?
Patrilocal extended families assume their functions in terms of joint ownership of productive domestic resources, usually under control of a household head, who also directs the labour of all household members.
How many generations are there in patrilocal?
A patrilocal extended family of three generations has developed, including common male members of the founder's (A) patrilineage, and wives from a number of different lineages.
What is patrilocal residence?
Patrilocal residence usually arose in the transition from the matrilineal to the patrilineal clan system. In some areas people practiced temporary patrilocal residence, in which the husband and wife lived with the husband’s parents only for a certain length of time, often until the birth of a child, and then returned to ...
What is the term for the form of conjugal residence in which the wife lives in the community or house of the husband
the term in ethnology for the form of conjugal residence in which the wife lives in the community or house of the husband. Virilocal residence is a more accurate term for the phenomenon. Patrilocal residence usually arose in the transition from the matrilineal to the patrilineal clan system. In some areas people practiced temporary patrilocal residence, in which the husband and wife lived with the husband’s parents only for a certain length of time, often until the birth of a child, and then returned to the wife’s village—for example, among the Tuaregs of the Sahara.
Example
Mia and George are a couple who met at an art gallery. On the night of their fifth anniversary, George proposed to Mia. One of the first decisions that Mia and George had to make before they walked down the aisle was where they would live once they got married. The couple decided they wanted to move to Philadelphia and live with George's parents.
Patrilocality Defined
In many societies, it is common for newlyweds to join an existing household that already consists of one or more relatives. Which relatives the married couple prefers to reside with is heavily dependent upon culture. One such residence is known as patrilocality.
What is patrilocal and matrilocal?
With patrilocal being the most common form of residence, it is one in which a married couple lives with or very near to the man's parents.
What is Neolocal Residence?
With 'neo' meaning 'new,' a neolocal residence system is simply one in which a married couple lives separately from the kin of both spouses.
Is a neolocal residence commonplace?
Although neolocal residence is a commonplace thing for many of us, anthropologists assert it definitely isn't for the rest of the world.
Overview
In social anthropology, patrilocal residence or patrilocality, also known as virilocal residence or virilocality, are terms referring to the social system in which a married couple resides with or near the husband's parents. The concept of location may extend to a larger area such as a village, town or clan territory. The practice has been found in around 70 percent of the world's modern human cultures that have been described ethnographically. Archaeological evidence for patrilocality ha…
Description
In a patrilocal society, when a man marries, his wife joins him in his father's home or compound, where they raise their children. These children will follow the same pattern. Sons will stay and daughters will move in with their husbands' families. Families living in a patrilocal residence generally assume joint ownership of domestic sources. The household is led by a senior member, wh…
Linguistic traces
In some Slavonic languages, verbs for marrying show evidence of patrilocality. In Polish the verb for "to marry", when done by a woman, is wyjść za mąż while in Russian it is выйти замуж (vyjti zamuzh). Both mean literally "to go out and behind the husband". In comparison, a man in Polish can simply żenić się and in Russian he is able to жениться, both meaning "to wife oneself". (In Polish, wziąć kobietę za żonę, "to take a woman for a wife", is another possibility).
Neanderthals and early hominins
It is claimed that the practice was also prevalent in some Neanderthal populations. A 49,000-year-old grave was found in Spain in 2010 which contained three related-to-each-other males, with three unrelated-to-each-other females, suggesting they were the partners of the males.
A 2011 study using ratios of strontium isotopes in teeth also suggested that roughly 2 million years ago, among Australopithecus and Paranthropus robustus groups in southern Africa, women …
See also
• Matrilocal residence
• Neolocal residence
• Patrilineality
• Patriarchy
Bibliography
• Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R. (June 1971). "The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence". American Anthropologist. Wiley. 73 (3): 571–594. doi:10.1525/aa.1971.73.3.02a00040. JSTOR 671756.
• Fox, Robin (1967). Kinship and marriage: an anthropological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-27823-6.
External links
• Chart and explanation of patrilocal residence