What caused the 2nd Crusade?
Mar 01, 2020 · Where was the second crusade fought? Egypt Anatolia Iberian Peninsula Levant Click to see full answer Similarly, you may ask, why was the second crusade fought? The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe as a Catholic holy war against Islam.
Who won the Second Crusade, Christians or Muslims?
The Second Crusade was led by two European kings—Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. The German and French armies took separate routes to Anatolia, fighting skirmishes along the way, and both were defeated separately by the Seljuq Turks. Louis and Conrad and the remnants of their armies eventually reached Jerusalem and participated in an ill-advised attack …
What are facts about the Second Crusade?
The Second Crusade took place between 1147 and 1149 and was instigated by Pope Eugene (Eugenius) III in a bid to defeat the Muslims who were still threatening to retake control of the Holy Lands. A second crusade was considered necessary due to the capture of the County of Edessa in 1144, which meant that the crusader states were vulnerable to attack.
How did the Second Crusade start?
Feb 27, 2020 · The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe as a Catholic holy war against Islam. The armies of the two kings marched separately across Europe. After crossing Byzantine territory into Anatolia, both armies were separately defeated by the Seljuq Turks. Likewise, what was the goal of the Second Crusade? The main …
Where did the fighting take place in the second crusade?
The Second Crusade (1147–1150) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi....Second Crusade.Date1147–1150LocationIberia, Near East (Anatolia, Levant), EgyptResultshow Anatolia: show Levant show Iberia:1 more row
Who won the 2 crusade?
Unlike the First Crusade, however, the Second Crusade was led by two of Europe's greatest rulers, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany. Louis enthusiastically supported the Crusade, but Conrad was reluctant at first and was won over only by the eloquence of St. Bernard.
Who fought in the 2 crusade?
The Second Crusade started badly as the armies of Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany both suffered heavy losses at the hands of the Turks on the arduous journey to Jerusalem. Joining with Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Louis and Conrad marched with some 30,000 men to attack the Syrian city of Damascus.
When did the Second Crusade happen?
1147 – 1149Second Crusade / Period
Who won the 3 crusade?
Yet despite the military prowess of the Crusader forces, Saladin withstood their onslaught and managed to retain control over most of his empire. His truce with Richard the Lionheart in late 1192 ended the Third Crusade.Aug 5, 2021
Which crusade was Richard the Lionheart in?
the Third CrusadeDuring the Third Crusade (1189 to 1192), Richard the Lionheart and other Christian forces went to recapture Jerusalem from the sultan Saladin (the Western name for Salah al-Din ibn Ayyub), who had united the Muslim world when he captured the Holy City from the Christians.Aug 20, 2020
How did the Second Crusade end quizlet?
A German army was defeated in Anatolia. A French army, of 50,000 Crusaders, arrived in Jerusalem and attacked Damascus on their way to Edessa. Muslims from Edessa helped Damascus and beat back the Crusaders. The French army went home, ending the second Crusade.
What was the purpose of the Second Crusade quizlet?
Second crusade was about responding to Muslims attack on Edessa. Also, it was about gaining the control of Damascus in a revengeful way against Muslims' capture of Edessa.
Where did the 3rd crusade take place?
IsraelAnatoliaLevantNear EastThird Crusade/Locations
What was the second crusade?
The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe as a Catholic holy war against Islam. The Second Crusade was started in 1147 in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade by King Baldwin of Boulogne in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.
Where did the Crusaders attack?
Siege of Damascus. The remains of the German and French armies eventually continued on to Jerusalem, where they planned an attack on the Muslim forces in Damascus. The Crusaders decided to attack Damascus from the west, where orchards would provide them with a constant food supply. They arrived at Daraiya on July 23.
Who was the Byzantine emperor of the 12th century?
Manuel I Komneno. A Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean, including the Second Crusade.
Who won the Crusades?
The crusaders of the First Crusade managed to recapture the holy city of Jerusalem in 1099. But after almost 50 years of peace, fighting broke out again, with the Muslims the winners. The Third Crusade made heroes out of the Muslim leader Saladin and the English king, who became known as Richard the Lionheart.
What was the end result of the Second Crusade?
The crusade in the east was a failure for the crusaders and a great victory for the Muslims. It would ultimately have a key influence on the fall of Jerusalem and give rise to the Third Crusade at the end of the 12th century. Second Crusade. Date 1147–1150 Result Anatolia: Levant Iberia:
How many people died during the Second Crusade?
Tens of thousands of people (both soldiers and civilians) were killed in the conquest of Jerusalem. The Crusaders themselves suffered; historians estimate that only one in 20 survived to even reach the Holy Land. It is estimated that 1.7 million people died in total.
Who won 1st crusade?
They were decisively defeated at the Battle of Civetot in October. The Princes' Crusade, by contrast, was a well-organized military campaign, starting out in late summer of 1096 and arriving at Constantinople between November 1096 and April 1097. First Crusade. Date 1096–1099 Result Crusader victory
What was the purpose of the Templar Knights?
Though its original purpose was to protect pilgrims from danger, the Knights Templar progressively expanded its duties. They became defenders of the Crusader states in the Holy Land and were known as brave, highly skilled warriors.
Who fought in the Third Crusade?
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by the leaders of the three most powerful states of Western Christianity (England, France and the Holy Roman Empire) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
What happened during the Fourth Crusade?
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and sacked the Christian (Eastern Orthodox) city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).
When did the Second Crusade take place?
The Second Crusade occurred from 1147 until 1149 CE and was carried out in response to the fall of the County of Edessa to Turkish forces. As stated above, the crusaders of the First Crusade had established several ‘ Crusader States ’ during the timeframe of the First Crusade, including the County of Edessa.
What was the Crusades?
The Crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of Europe and the Middle East. They were a series of religious wars carried out by Christian crusaders from Europe during the timeframe of the Middle Ages. Beginning in 1095 CE, the Crusades saw European knights and noblemen travel to the Middle East in an attempt to capture ...
Why did the Crusades begin?
Beginning in 1095 CE, the Crusades saw European knights and noblemen travel to the Middle East in an attempt to capture the Holy Land away from Muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries. The term crusade means ‘cross’.
What was the purpose of the First Crusade?
The leaders of the First Crusade established these states as a means of controlling the territory and creating a base from which they could launch further attacks into the region of the Holy Land . However, in December of 1144, Turkish forces for Imad ad-Din Zengi, attacked and captured the County of Edessa.
Who led the Crusade?
Pope Eugene III called for the crusade on December 1st of 1145 and wanted it to be led by some of most power kings in Europe at the time. For example, Louis VII of France participated in the Second Crusade and announced his intention to do so in late December of 1145.
Why was Jerusalem important to the Crusades?
While the history of the city itself goes back much further, it was a significant site in the crusades because of the importance it holds in the three main religions of the region: Christianity, Islam and Judaism. For Christians, Jerusalem was the site of Jesus Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection. As such, the city was vitally important ...
When did the Crusaders arrive in Constantinople?
Louis VII and the French crusaders followed Conrad III through the Byzantine Empire, until the crusaders arrived in the city of Constantinople on September 10th of 1147.
Who fought in the Second Crusade?
Unlike the First Crusade, however, the Second Crusade was led by two of Europe’s greatest rulers, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany.
Who conquered Edessa from the Christians in the Second Crusade?
Siege of Edessa, (28 November–24 December 1144). The fall of the crusader city of Edessa to the Muslims was the spark that ignited the Second Crusade. The victory entrenched Zengi as leader of the Muslims in the Holy Land, a mantle that would be taken up by his son Nur ad-Din and then by Saladin.
Why did the Kingdom of Jerusalem fall?
Kingdom of Jerusalem, a state formed in 1099 from territory in Palestine wrested from the Muslims by European Christians during the First Crusade and lasting until 1291, when the two surviving cities of the kingdom succumbed to attacks by Muslim armies.
What is Jerusalem the capital of?
And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty-three years reigned he in Jerusalem. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Jerusalem became once more the capital of a sovereign Jewish state.
Who was Duke Godfrey?
Godfrey of Bouillon (French: Godefroy, Dutch: Godfried, German: Gottfried, Latin: Godefridus Bullionensis; 18 September 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a French nobleman and one of the pre-eminent leaders of the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100.
Did Baldwin V have leprosy?
Sole monarch Baldwin IV finally succumbed to his leprosy in spring 1185. Shortly before his death, he ordered an official public crown-wearing for his nephew at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (since the little boy had already been crowned).
What King was a leper?
Baldwin IV, byname Baldwin the Leper, French Baudouin le Lépreux, (born 1161—died March 1185, Jerusalem), king of Jerusalem (1174–85), called the “leper king” for the disease that afflicted him for most of his short life.
Overview
Crusade in the East
Joscelin II retook the town of Edessa and besieged the citadel following Zengi's murder, but Nur ad-Din defeated him in November 1146. On 16 February 1147, the French crusaders met at Étampes to discuss their route. The Germans had already decided to travel overland through Hungary; they regarded the sea route as politically impractical because Roger II of Sicilywas an enemy of Conrad. M…
Background: the fall of Edessa, preparations
After the First Crusade and the minor Crusade of 1101, there were three crusader states established in the east: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa. A fourth, the County of Tripoli, was established in 1109. Edessa was the most northerly of these, and also the weakest and least populated; as such, it was subject to frequent attacks from the surrounding M…
After the First Crusade and the minor Crusade of 1101, there were three crusader states established in the east: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa. A fourth, the County of Tripoli, was established in 1109. Edessa was the most northerly of these, and also the weakest and least populated; as such, it was subject to frequent attacks from the surrounding M…
Related European crusades
When the Second Crusade was called, many south Germans volunteered to crusade in the Holy Land. The north German Saxons were reluctant. They told St Bernard of their desire to campaign against pagan Slavs at an Imperial Diet meeting in Frankfurt on 13 March 1147. Approving of the Saxons' plan, Eugenius issued a papal bullknown as the Divina dispensatione on 13 April. This bull stat…
Forces
The professional soldiers of the Muslim states, who were usually ethnic Turks, tended to be very well-trained and equipped. The basis of the military system in the Islamic Middle East was the iqta' system of fiefs, which supported a certain number of troops in every district. In the event of war, the ahdath militias, based in the cities under the command of the ra’is (chief), and who were usually ethnic
Aftermath
Each of the Christian forces felt betrayed by the other. A new plan was made to attack Ascalonand Conrad took his troops there, but no further help arrived, due to the lack of trust that had resulted from the failed siege. This mutual distrust would linger for a generation due to the defeat, to the ruin of the Christian kingdoms in the Holy Land. After quitting Ascalon, Conrad returned to Constan…
Notes
1. ^ Norwich 1995, pp. 94–95.
2. ^ Magdalino 1993, p. 52.
3. ^ Riley-Smith 2005, pp. 50–53.
4. ^ Tyerman 2006, pp. 185–189.
Further reading
• Osbernus. De expugniatione Lyxbonensi. The Conquest of Lisbon. Edited and translated by Charles Wendell David. Columbia University Press, 1936.
• Odo of Deuil. De profectione Ludovici VII in orientem. Edited and translated by Virginia Gingerick Berry. Columbia University Press, 1948.
• Otto of Freising. Gesta Friderici I Imperatoris. The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa. Edited and translated by Charles Christopher Mierow. Columbia University Press, 19…
• Osbernus. De expugniatione Lyxbonensi. The Conquest of Lisbon. Edited and translated by Charles Wendell David. Columbia University Press, 1936.
• Odo of Deuil. De profectione Ludovici VII in orientem. Edited and translated by Virginia Gingerick Berry. Columbia University Press, 1948.
• Otto of Freising. Gesta Friderici I Imperatoris. The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa. Edited and translated by Charles Christopher Mierow. Columbia University Press, 1953.