What are acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM)?
The acute and chronic complications of diabetes account for the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, and hypoglycemia.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis: It is an acute metabolic complication of insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes and occasionally of non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus encountered during infection, trauma, cardiovascular injuries, or other acute emergencies.
What are the possible complications of diabetes?
Eventually, diabetes complications may be disabling or even life-threatening. Possible complications include: Cardiovascular disease. Diabetes dramatically increases the risk of various cardiovascular problems, including coronary artery disease with chest pain (angina), heart attack, stroke and narrowing of arteries (atherosclerosis).
What are the different types of diabetes conditions?
Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include prediabetes and gestational diabetes. Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.
Which condition is an acute and life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus quizlet?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening.
Which are the two most life-threatening complications of diabetes?
Diabetes can cause heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and coma. These complications can lead to your death. Cardiovascular disease in particular is the leading cause of death in adults with diabetes.
What is a major complication of diabetes mellitus?
Nerve damage (neuropathy): One of the most common diabetes complications, nerve damage can cause numbness and pain. Nerve damage most often affects the feet and legs but can also affect your digestion, blood vessels, and heart.
Which is the most common acute complication of diabetes?
Hypoglycemia is the most common, life-threatening acute complication of diabetes treatment. It is characterized by multiple risk factors and complex pathophysiology (105).
What is life-threatening about diabetes?
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS)– a life-threatening emergency that only happens in people with type 2 diabetes. It's brought on by severe dehydration and very high blood sugars.
What is the first complication of diabetes?
COMPLICATIONS. The most common early complication of diabetes, related to insulin treatment, is hypoglycemia. Mild hypoglycemic reactions, consisting of headache, tremors, abdominal pain, or mood changes, are considered a part of tight control.
What are the two emergency complications of untreated diabetes mellitus?
Emergency complicationsDiabetic ketoacidosis. This condition develops when you don't have enough insulin in your body. When this happens, glucose can't enter your cells for energy. ... Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. This condition occurs when the body makes insulin, but the insulin doesn't work properly.
What causes diabetes mellitus?
What causes type 1 diabetes? Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system, the body's system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Scientists think type 1 diabetes is caused by genes and environmental factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the disease.
What are 4 risk factors for diabetes?
You're at risk for type 2 diabetes if you:Have prediabetes.Are overweight.Are 45 years or older.Have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes.Are physically active less than 3 times a week.Have ever had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or given birth to a baby who weighed over 9 pounds.More items...
Which complication of diabetes mellitus develops quickly?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute and dangerous complication that is always a medical emergency and requires prompt medical attention.
Why is hypoglycemia a complication of diabetes?
The hormone insulin lowers blood sugar (glucose) levels when blood sugar is too high. If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and need insulin to control your blood sugar, taking more insulin than you need can cause your blood sugar level to drop too low and result in hypoglycemia.
Which of the following is the most likely long term complication associated with diabetes?
The most common long-term diabetes-related health problems are: damage to the large blood vessels of the heart, brain and legs (macrovascular complications)
What is the most common cause of death in diabetics?
Cardiovascular disease could be the most common cause of death in diabetic patients, followed by cancer.
What are three common complications from long term diabetes?
The longer you have diabetes — and the less controlled your blood sugar — the higher the risk of complications....Possible complications include:Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. ... Nerve damage (neuropathy). ... Kidney damage (nephropathy). ... Eye damage (retinopathy). ... Foot damage.More items...•
Is death from diabetic ketoacidosis painful?
Symptoms include sunken eyes, rapid breathing, headache, muscle aches, severe dehydration, weak peripheral pulses, nausea, stomach pain and cramping, vomiting, semi or unconsciousness, cerebral edema, coma and death. DKA is a horrendously painful way to die.
What can diabetes lead to if untreated?
Complications of Diabetes If type 2 diabetes goes untreated, the high blood sugar can affect various cells and organs in the body. Complications include kidney damage, often leading to dialysis, eye damage, which could result in blindness, or an increased risk for heart disease or stroke.