How did Mexico gain independence from Spain in 1810?
Celebrating Mexican Independence On September 16, 1810, a progressive priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla became the father of Mexican independence with a historic proclamation urging his fellow Mexicans to take up arms against the Spanish government.
When did Chile gain independence from Chile?
September 18 is celebrated in Chile as Independence Day. ... Chile's de facto independence in 1810 came about as a result of a number of factors, including a corrupt governor, the French occupation of Spain and growing sentiment for independence.
What was the May Revolution of 1810?
In May 1810, Argentine Patriots took power in what was known as the May Revolution, essentially deposing the Viceroy.
When did Argentina gain independence from Spain?
On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution . The territory of modern Argentina was part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, with its capital city in Buenos Aires, seat of government of the Spanish viceroy.
What was Chile's independence?
Who was the governor of Chile in 1808?
What year did Chile break Spanish rule?
What is the celebration of September 18?
What was the goal of the Chilean government on September 18?
What was the purpose of the meeting of Chile's leading citizens?
When was the last royalist stronghold in Chile?
See 4 more
About this website
When did Mexico win its independence?
August 24, 1821Independence of Mexico. Although the Spanish crown initially rejected O'Donojú's recognition of Mexican independence, the date now recognized as that of separation from Old Spain is in fact August 24, 1821.
Which country won its independence in 1821?
In 1821, El Salvador and the other Central American provinces declared their independence from Spain.
What happened in the Mexican Revolution 1810?
Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 16, 1810. The Mexican War of Independence movement was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos, Zambos and Amerindians who sought independence from Spain.
What caused the Mexican War of Independence 1810?
The desire for independence from Spanish rule first formally emerged in 1810. A priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is famous for issuing a call for revolution on September 16, 1810 in an event known as “El Grito de Dolores”. His call sparked a flame that would fuel the Mexican fight for independence.
When did Spain get its independence?
December 6, 1978Spain / Founded
Which country first got independence in the world?
Colonies, Protectorates, and MandatesCountryPre-independence name (if different)Year of independence or first stageGhanaGold Coast, Togoland (Togoland got absorbed into the Gold Coast in 1957)1957GrenadaGrenada, Windward Islands1974GuyanaBritish Guiana1966IndiaBritish India194755 more rows
Why is Mexico named Mexico?
The name Mexico is a Náhuatl term derived from the words metztli (moon), xictli (navel or center) and co (place). Mexico's name, therefore, means -- the place in the center of the Moon --and refers to the fact that the Aztecs built Tenochtitlán in the middle of the Lake of the Moon (later called Lake Texcoco).
Who led Mexico to independence?
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla—“the father of Mexican independence”—launched the Mexican rebellion with his “Cry of Dolores,” and his populist army came close to capturing the Mexican capital.
Who did Mexico independence from?
Background to Mexican Independence The land that is now Mexico fell into Spanish hands in August 1521 when Hernán Cortés and his army of conquistadors toppled the Aztec empire, ushering in three centuries of colonial rule and importing new diseases that decimated once-flourishing native populations.
Where did Mexico win their independence?
Mexican War of IndependenceDate16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821 (11 years, 1 week and 4 days)Territorial changesSpain loses the continental area of Viceroyalty of New Spain with the exception of the port San Juan de Ulúa Veracruz2 more rows
Who found Mexico?
Hernán Cortés led a new expedition to Mexico landing ashore at present day Veracruz on 22 April 1519, a date which marks the beginning of 300 years of Spanish hegemony over the region.
What happened in 1821 in the world?
1821 Caracas falls to Bolivar's force. Venezuela is now free of Spanish rule. Peru and Mexico declare independence. In Guatemala independence is declared for its provinces: Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, San Salvador and Chiapas.
What event happened in 1821?
July–SeptemberDateEventsSaturday, September 15Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica gain independence from Spain by the Act of Independence of Central America. On October 29, the newly independent First Mexican Empire proposes that Guatemala should merge with it.14 more rows
What event happened in the year 1821?
War of Greek Independence, (1821–32), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent kingdom of Greece.
Why is 1821 an important year in Mexico's history?
Then, in 1821, Agustín de Iturbide, a Spanish-supporting soldier who flipped to become a leader in the Mexican independence movement, led troops into Mexico City, decisively seizing control of the city and declaring the country's independence.
What you need to know about Chile Independence Day
Visit Chile in September, and you’ll undoubtedly hear talk of Chile Independence Day. If you’re lucky enough to be there on and around the 18th of September, you’ll get to join in the celebration. The 18th marks Chile Independence Day and is known locally as the Dieciocho. Whether you’re planning a trip or are just […]
Chilean War of Independence - Wikipedia
Background. At the start of 1808, the Captaincy General of Chile—one of the smallest and poorest colonies in the Spanish Empire—was under the administration of Luis Muñoz de Guzmán, an able, respected and well-liked Royal Governor.In May 1808 the overthrow of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII, their replacement by Joseph Bonaparte and the start of the Peninsular War plunged the empire into a ...
Chile - Struggle for independence | Britannica
Despite the colony’s isolation, its inhabitants at the start of the 19th century were affected by developments elsewhere. The most significant of those developments were the winning of independence by the 13 Anglo-American colonies and by Haiti, the French Revolution, and the inability of Spain to defend its system in America, as indicated by the British invasion of the La Plata region and ...
Chile's Struggle for Independence - Latin American Studies - Oxford ...
Introduction. Chile’s struggle for independence is known as the period in which Chile became a separate country from Spain. It usually covers the years 1808–1830, and it is much related to events in Europe and in other regions of South America, especially Peru and the area of the Río de la Plata.
What was Chile's independence?
In 1810, Chile was a relatively small and isolated part of the Spanish Empire. It was ruled by a governor, appointed by the Spanish, who answered to the Viceroy in Buenos Aires. Chile's de facto independence in 1810 came about as a result of a number of factors, including a corrupt governor, the French occupation of Spain ...
Who was the governor of Chile in 1808?
The governor of Chile, Francisco Antonio García Carrasco, was involved in a huge scandal in October of 1808. The British whaling frigate Scorpion visited Chilean shores to sell a load of smuggled cloth, and García Carrasco was part of a conspiracy to steal the smuggled goods. During the robbery, the captain of the Scorpion and some of his sailors were murdered, and the resulting scandal forever besmirched García Carrasco ’s name. For a while, he could not even govern and had to hide out at his hacienda in Concepción. This mismanagement by a Spanish official fueled the fire of independence.
What year did Chile break Spanish rule?
Inventions. Medieval & Renaissance History. Military History. The 20th Century. Women's History. View More. On September 18, 1810 , Chile broke from Spanish rule, declaring their independence (although they still were theoretically loyal to King Ferdinand VII of Spain, then a captive of the French).
What is the celebration of September 18?
Today, September 18 is celebrated in Chile as their Independence Day. It is remembered with the fiestas patrias or "national parties." The celebrations kick off in early September and can last for weeks. All over Chile, people celebrate with food, parades, reenactments, and dancing and music. The national rodeo finals are held in Rancagua, thousands of kites fill the air in Antofagasta, in Maule they play traditional games, and many other places have traditional celebrations. If you're going to Chile, the middle of September is a great time to visit to catch the festivities.
What was the goal of the Chilean government on September 18?
The new government had four short-term goals: establish a Congress, raise a national army, declare free trade, and get in contact with the junta then leading Argentina. The meeting on September 18 set Chile firmly on the path to independence and was the first Chilean self-government since before ...
What was the purpose of the meeting of Chile's leading citizens?
Chile's leading citizens called for a meeting on September 18 to discuss the future. Three hundred of Chile's leading citizens attended: most were Spaniards or wealthy Creoles from important families. At the meeting, it was decided to follow the path of Argentina: create an independent government, nominally loyal to Ferdinand VII.
When was the last royalist stronghold in Chile?
This declaration eventually led to over a decade of violence and warring which did not end until the last royalist stronghold fell in 1826. September 18 is celebrated in Chile as Independence Day.
What was the name of the Mexican independence movement that ended 300 years of colonial rule?
Known as the “Grito de Dolores, ” Hidalgo’s declaration launched a decade-long struggle that ended 300 years of colonial rule, established an independent Mexico and helped cultivate a unique Mexican identity. Its anniversary is now celebrated as the country’s birthday.
When was the Mexican independence day?
Celebrating Mexican Independence. Although September 16, 1810 , marked the beginning of Mexico’s struggle for independence rather than its ultimate achievement, the anniversary of the Grito de Dolores has been a day of celebration across Mexico since the late 19th century.
Why is Cinco de Mayo celebrated?
Many non-Mexicans, particularly in the United States, often mistake the Cinco de Mayo holiday for a celebration of Mexican independence; instead, it commemorates the Mexican army’s 1862 victory over France at the Battle of Puebla during the French-Mexican War.
Who led the first revolt against the Spanish?
The earliest revolt against the Spanish colonial government was led by Martín Cortés, the illegitimate son of Hernán Cortés and his translator, a Mayan-born woman known as La Malinche. In the years leading up to the Mexican War of Independence, most plots to end Spanish rule were devised by Mexican-born Spaniards, or criollos, who ranked below native Europeans within Mexico’s highly stratified caste system. The criollos’ approach largely excluded Indigenous Mexicans and mestizos —people of mixed ancestry like Martín Cortés—who were often deprived of the most basic political and civil rights.
What is the Mexican holiday of September 15?
The holiday begins on the evening of September 15 with a symbolic reenactment of Hidalgo’s historic proclamation by the president of the republic and the governor of each state. The next day, typical activities include parades, bullfights, rodeos and traditional dancing. In 2010, the festivities included a special—if somewhat macabre—feature: In honor of the country’s bicentennial, the remains of 12 men who fought for Mexican independence—including Hidalgo, Morelos, Matamoros and Guerrero—were exhumed in a military ceremony led by President Felipe Calderón.
Which country gained independence in April?from worldatlas.com
April to June. Senegal was the first country to attain independence in April (April 4), followed by Georgia on April 9. Syria, Zimbabwe, and Irelands commemorate their independence days on April 17, 18, and 24 respectively.
When was Portugal's independence?from en.wikipedia.org
4166. ^ The country's original independence (from the Kingdom of León) occurred on June 24, 1128 ( Battle of São Mamede) and was recognized on October 5, 1143. That day is a holiday in Portugal, but for a different reason.
How many countries celebrate independence on January 1?from worldatlas.com
January to March. A total of 31 countries around the world celebrate their independence days between January 1 and March 31. Of these countries 7 commemorate the day on January 1 including Haiti, Sudan, Cuba, Cameroon, Samoa, Brunei, and the Czech Republic.
What is the most important milestone in the history of a country?from worldatlas.com
Attaining independence is one of the most important milestones in the history of a territory or a country. Although it is not clearly highlighted in international law, a country effectively becomes a sovereign state when the United Nations recognizes its independence. A territory can either declare independence or be granted ...
What was the name of the province in 1817?from en.wikipedia.org
1817-1822: Cisplatine Province , a province of the Portuguese Empire(The Portuguese Empire take advantage of the chaos of the wars of independence in Hispanic Americaand of the civil war that had started in the United Provinces of the Río de la Platato invade and conquer the territory of the future Uruguay).
What was the name of the city in 1471?from en.wikipedia.org
1471–1569: Kiev Voivodeship, part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. 1441–1783: Crimean Khanate. 1132–1471: Principality of Kiev(state of the Kievan Rus'from 1132 to 1240, the capital city of the Kievan Rus' was the city of Kiev [capital city of modern Ukraine]. Part of the Mongol Empirefrom 1240 to 1261.
What was the name of the Crusader state in 1098?from en.wikipedia.org
1098: Crusader statesestablished in Syria: Principality of Antioch(1098–1268) and County of Edessa(1098–1144) 1082–1121: Part of the Seljuk Empire. 1024–1082: Divided in many states, ruled by diferente dynasties like the Mirdasids, the Numayrids, the Marwanids, the Uqaylids.
Which Country In Latin America Won Their Independence First?
In 1810, Colombia became the first country to declare independence. Suriname last had a functioning government in 1975. France still recognizes French Guiana as a separate state. For the first time, South America had a union of independent nations known as Gran Colombia.
Which Country Won Its Independence In 1810?
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a progressive priest, became the first Mexican to call for a revolution against the Spanish government on September 16, 1810, in his historic proclamation for mexican independence .
Who Gained Independence From Spain Latin America?
The United States of America, led by General George Washington (above) and Haiti, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture (above), were the two countries that gained independence in the Americas.
Who Did Latin America Win Independence From?
Many Latin Americans are unaware that they are leaving Spain at the exact moment that they do. Between 1810 and 1825, the majority of Spain’s former colonies declared and won independence and formed republics.
What Latin American Countries Fought For Independence?
Mexico and Chile, for example, began their independence struggles in the early nineteenth century, though their autonomy was not fully granted until later: Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela, on the other hand, also began their independence struggles in the early nineteenth century; Cuba and Puerto Rico, the latter of Between 1818 and 1821, Chile and Mexico were both colonized..
What Was The First Country In Latin America To Gain Independence?
Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to gain independence from the United States during the Haitian Revolution. Following the overthrow of the Spanish Empire in South America by the Creoles led by simon bolivar, the rest of Latin America gained independence for itself.
What Was The First Independent Country In The Americas?
There are two notable countries in the Americas that have gained independence: the United States (1776), led by General George Washington, and Haiti (1804), led by Toussaint L’Ouverture.
Who freed Chile in 1817?
From Argentina, a Spanish soldier who took care of his troops and freed Chile in 1817 and Peru in 1821.
Which country freed itself from Britain's rule?
The British colonies in North America freed themselves from Britain's rule, and the people of France staged a violent uprising against their royal rulers.
Where did the struggle for freedom begin?
The beginning of the great fight for freedom in Latin America. August 24, 1791 in Saint-Domingue, a French Caribbean colony. Slaves burned every piece of white property they could find because they were sick of being mistreated by their white owners.
Who was the only Spanish leader who gave up power in 1825?
San Martin suddenly gave up his power. Bolivar fought alone and drove remaining Spanish forces out of South America. By 1825 only Cuba and Puerto Rico were under Spanish rule.**
Which countries did not want to unite South America?
Rough geography and the leaders of Gran Colombia (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama) did not want to unite South America**
When did Chile declare independence?
On 18 February 1818, the first anniversary of the battle of Chacabuco, Chile declared its independence from the Spanish Crown. On March 18, 1818, Osorio led a surprise attack on the joint Argentine-Chilean army, which had to retreat to Santiago, with heavy losses.
What was the name of the battle that took place in 1810?
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence. From top and left: Crossing of the Andes, Battle of Salta , 22 May 1810 Open Cabildo, Battle of San Lorenzo, Battle of Suipacha, 1813 Assembly, Shooting of Liniers, Jujuy Exodus. Date. 18 May 1810–5 April 1818. Location.
What happened to the Junta of Seville?
The Junta of Seville was disestablished, and several members fled to Cádiz, the last portion of Spain still resisting. They established a Council of Regency, with political tendencies closer to absolutism than the former Junta. This began the May Revolution in Buenos Aires, as soon as the news was known.
What countries were part of the Spanish viceroyalty?
The territory of modern Argentina was part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, with its capital city in Buenos Aires, seat of government of the Spanish viceroy. Modern Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia were also part of the viceroyalty, and began their push for autonomy during the conflict, becoming independent states afterwards. The vast area of the territory and slow communications led most populated areas to become isolated from each other. The wealthiest regions of the viceroyalty were in Upper Peru (modern-day Bolivia). Salta and Córdoba had closer ties with Upper Peru than with Buenos Aires. Similarly, Mendoza in the west had closer ties with the Captaincy General of Chile, although the Andes mountain range was a natural barrier. Buenos Aires and Montevideo, who had a local rivalry, located in the La Plata Basin, had naval communications allowing them to be more in contact with European ideas and economic advances than the inland populations. Paraguay was isolated from all other regions.
Why did the Primera Junta send military campaigns to the Viceroyalty?
The Primera Junta sent military campaigns to the viceroyalty, in order to secure support to the new authorities and retain the authority held as the capital of the viceroyalty. The victories and defeats of the military conflict delimited the areas of influence of the new United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.
What was the Chile campaign?
The Chile campaign is generally considered to be the conclusion of the Argentine War of Independence, as the further actions of the United Army into Peru were carried on under the authority of the Chilean government, not the United Provinces.
What happened in Chile in 1817?
In December 1817, a popular referendum was set up to decide about the Independence of Chile. However, Royalist resistance persisted in southern Chile, allied with the Mapuches. On April 4, Argentine Colonel Juan Gregorio de Las Heras had occupied Concepción, but the Royalists retreated to Talcahuano.
What was Chile's independence?
In 1810, Chile was a relatively small and isolated part of the Spanish Empire. It was ruled by a governor, appointed by the Spanish, who answered to the Viceroy in Buenos Aires. Chile's de facto independence in 1810 came about as a result of a number of factors, including a corrupt governor, the French occupation of Spain ...
Who was the governor of Chile in 1808?
The governor of Chile, Francisco Antonio García Carrasco, was involved in a huge scandal in October of 1808. The British whaling frigate Scorpion visited Chilean shores to sell a load of smuggled cloth, and García Carrasco was part of a conspiracy to steal the smuggled goods. During the robbery, the captain of the Scorpion and some of his sailors were murdered, and the resulting scandal forever besmirched García Carrasco ’s name. For a while, he could not even govern and had to hide out at his hacienda in Concepción. This mismanagement by a Spanish official fueled the fire of independence.
What year did Chile break Spanish rule?
Inventions. Medieval & Renaissance History. Military History. The 20th Century. Women's History. View More. On September 18, 1810 , Chile broke from Spanish rule, declaring their independence (although they still were theoretically loyal to King Ferdinand VII of Spain, then a captive of the French).
What is the celebration of September 18?
Today, September 18 is celebrated in Chile as their Independence Day. It is remembered with the fiestas patrias or "national parties." The celebrations kick off in early September and can last for weeks. All over Chile, people celebrate with food, parades, reenactments, and dancing and music. The national rodeo finals are held in Rancagua, thousands of kites fill the air in Antofagasta, in Maule they play traditional games, and many other places have traditional celebrations. If you're going to Chile, the middle of September is a great time to visit to catch the festivities.
What was the goal of the Chilean government on September 18?
The new government had four short-term goals: establish a Congress, raise a national army, declare free trade, and get in contact with the junta then leading Argentina. The meeting on September 18 set Chile firmly on the path to independence and was the first Chilean self-government since before ...
What was the purpose of the meeting of Chile's leading citizens?
Chile's leading citizens called for a meeting on September 18 to discuss the future. Three hundred of Chile's leading citizens attended: most were Spaniards or wealthy Creoles from important families. At the meeting, it was decided to follow the path of Argentina: create an independent government, nominally loyal to Ferdinand VII.
When was the last royalist stronghold in Chile?
This declaration eventually led to over a decade of violence and warring which did not end until the last royalist stronghold fell in 1826. September 18 is celebrated in Chile as Independence Day.
BC Era to 10th Century
1000 to 15th Century
- 1001: Hungary 1143: Portugal 1206: Mongolia 1238: Thailand 1278: Andorra August 1, 1291: Switzerland 1419: Monaco 15th Century: Spain
1500 to 1700s
- 1502: Iran June 6, 1523: Sweden January 23, 1579: The Netherlands 1650: Oman May 1, 1707: The United Kingdom January 23, 1719: Liechtenstein 1768: Nepal July 4, 1776: The United States of America
The 1800s
- January 1, 1804: Haiti July 20, 1810: Colombia September 16, 1810: Mexico September 18, 1810: Chile May 14, 1811: Paraguay July 5, 1811: Venezuela July 9, 1816: Argentina July 28, 1821: Peru September 15, 1821: Costa Rica September 15, 1821: El Salvador September 15, 1821: Guatemala September 15, 1821: Honduras September 15, 1821: Nicaragua May 24,...
1901 to 1949
- January 1, 1901: Australia May 20, 1902: Cuba November 3, 1903: Panama June 7, 1905: Norway September 26, 1907: New Zealand May 31, 1910: South Africa November 28, 1912: Albania December 6, 1917: Finland February 24, 1918: Estonia November 11, 1918: Poland December 1, 1918: Iceland August 19, 1919: Afghanistan December 6, 1921: Ireland February 28, 1922: Egypt …
1951 to 1960
- December 24, 1951: Libya November 9, 1953: Cambodia January 1, 1956: Sudan March 2, 1956: Morocco March 20, 1956: Tunisia March 6, 1957: Ghana August 31, 1957: Malaysia October 2, 1958: Guinea January 1, 1960: Cameroon April 4, 1960: Senegal May 27, 1960: Togo June 30, 1960: Republic of the Congo July 1, 1960: Somalia July 26, 1960: Madagascar August 1, 1960: B…
1961 to 1968
- April 27, 1961: Sierra Leone June 19, 1961: Kuwait January 1, 1962: Samoa July 1, 1962: Burundi July 1, 1962: Rwanda July 5, 1962: Algeria August 6, 1962: Jamaica August 31, 1962: Trinidad and Tobago October 9, 1962: Uganda December 12, 1963: Kenya April 26, 1964: Tanzania July 6, 1964: Malawi September 21, 1964: Malta October 24, 1964: Zambia February 18, 1965: The Gambia Ju…
1970 to 1979
- June 4, 1970: Tonga October 10, 1970: Fiji March 26, 1971: Bangladesh August 15, 1971: Bahrain September 3, 1971: Qatar November 2, 1971: The United Arab Emirates July 10, 1973: The Bahamas September 24, 1973: Guinea-Bissau February 7, 1974: Grenada June 25, 1975: Mozambique July 5, 1975: Cape Verde July 6, 1975: Comoros July 12, 1975: Sao Tome and Prin…
1980 to Present
- April 18, 1980: Zimbabwe July 30, 1980: Vanuatu January 11, 1981: Antigua and Barbuda September 21, 1981: Belize September 19, 1983: Saint Kitts and Nevis January 1, 1984: Brunei October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia March 11, 1990: Lithuania March 21, 1990: Namibia May 22, 1990: Yemen April 9, 1991: Georgia …