Common Causes
Cranial nerves; CN 0 – Terminal; CN I – Olfactory; CN II – Optic; CN III – Oculomotor; CN IV – ...
Related Conditions
The glossopharyngeal nerve has both motor and sensory functions, including:
- sending sensory information from your sinuses, the back of your throat, parts of your inner ear, and the back part of your tongue
- providing a sense of taste for the back part of your tongue
- stimulating voluntary movement of a muscle in the back of your throat called the stylopharyngeus
What are the ten cranial nerves?
There are three cranial nerves with primarily sensory function. Link to Sensory. Cranial nerve I, Olfactory, modulates smell, cranial nerve II, Optic,modulates vision. Cranial nerve VIII, Acoustovestibular, modulates hearing and balance. There are four cranial nerves with primarily motor function. Link to Corticobulbar.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for tongue movement?
The olfactory nerve is the shortest of the 12 cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem. The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. Where are the cranial nerves located?
Which cranial nerves have only sensory function?
Which cranial nerve does not originate from brain stem?
How many cranial nerves are involved in speech and swallowing?
Six of them are involved in speech and swallowing, and are therefore very important to the speech, language pathologist.
Which cranial nerve is the most important for speech production and why?
The first is the trigeminal nerve. It is the largest of the cranial nerves [10]. The trigeminal nerve is essential to different aspects of speech, hearing, and swallowing. It is located in the pons of the brainstem.
What do cranial nerves 9 and 10 do?
CRANIAL NERVE 9 (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CRANIAL NERVE 10 (VAGUS) CNs 9 and 10 work together to supply the musculature of the pharynx (mostly supplied by CN 10) and transmit visceral afferent information from vascular baroreceptors, and each nerve also has additional individual functions listed below.
What does the 8th cranial nerve control?
Cranial nerve VIII brings sound and information about one's position and movement in space into the brain. The auditory and vestibular systems subserve several functions basic to clinical medicine and to psychiatry.
Which cranial nerves are most important to speech production quizlet?
The Hypoglossal Nerve is a motor nerve that is very important in speech production, because it provides the innervation to motor function of the tongue.
Which cranial nerve is most important?
Trigeminal Nerve (V) The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve in the human body, and it has both motor and sensory functions. The trigeminal nerve assists you with chewing and clenching your teeth, and it provides sensation to muscles in your eardrum.
Which cranial nerve or nerves is are most closely associated with muscular movements associated with speech?
Motor nerve-Hypoglossal Nerve-controls muscles of the tongue. Can cause speech problems, ipsilateral (single sided) movement of the tongue and thick speech.
Why is it called trigeminal nerve?
Its name ("trigeminal", from Latin tri- 'three', and -geminus 'twin') derives from each of the two nerves (one on each side of the pons) having three major branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2), and the mandibular nerve (V3).
Which cranial nerves are most involved in speech, swallowing, or hearing?
The trigeminal nerve is the first. It is the most massive of the cranial nerves. The trigeminal nerve is necessary for several elements of speech,...
What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?
Nerve trigeminal nerve V, also known as the fifth cranial nerve, arises from the brainstem through the cerebellum and reaches the face through the...
Which cranial nerves are involved in the involuntary swallowing reflex?
The trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal nerves are the cranial nerves linked with swall...
Does the brain stem control hearing?
The brainstem is the origin of ten of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves that regulate hearing, eye movement, facial sensations, taste, swallowing,...
What cranial nerve is involved in chewing?
The trigeminal nerve is in charge of sensory enervation of the face as well as motor enervation of the masticatory muscles (chewing). It is compose...
How do I remember the 12 cranial nerves?
There are many mnemonics a person can use to remember the 12 cranial nerves. One example is: "Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet — Ah, Hea...
Which cranial nerve is largest?
The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve as it starts in the medulla — the bottom part of the brain — and extends to the abdomen.
Which is the shortest nerve?
The shortest cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve, as it has the lowest number of axons.
What are the brains that control swallowing?
Cranial nerves, whose axons leave from the brainstem, are the lower motor neurons for the vast majority of muscles involved in swallowing, coughing, and respiration. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves (see below), each with a left and ride side. Swallowing is controlled by both cortical and brainstem regions. Multiple cortical areas of control for swallowing have been identified and include the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and the anterior cortex. (Ludlow 2005) Studies have shown that swallowing is likely represented in both cortical hemispheres with most people having a dominant swallowing hemisphere (which is not necessarily the same as handedness). (Hamdy 2006). Almost all the cranial nerves receive bilateral innervation from the brain via the UMNs. This means that both the left and right side of a pair of cranial nerves are innervated by the cortex of both the left and right hemispheres. (Ertekin and Aydogdu 2003) This acts as a safety mechanism. If there is a unilateral lesion in the brain, signals will continue to the nerves from the undamaged area. The remaining unilateral message will not be as strong as an intact system but will not result in total paralysis. Two of the cranial nerves receive innervation from only one side of the brain (the contralateral side): CN XII (hypoglossal which innervates the tongue) and CN VII (facial which innervates the muscles of the face). Since there is not bilateral innervation to these nerves, a unilateral UMN lesion (stroke) can cause paralysis of the muscles innervated by these nerves on the opposite side of the body. Both sides are interconnected and normal swallowing functioning depends on intact function of both sides. Since both sides of the brainstem work together, a unilateral brainstem stroke could result in bilateral pharyngeal dysfunction. A bilateral brainstem stroke would result in more severe deficits than a unilateral brainstem stroke alone.#N#Swallowing is a centrally mediated phenomenon located in the frontal cortex anterior to the sensorimotor cortex. The brainstem areas involved in control of swallowing are located in the dorsal region within and subjacent to the nucleus of the tracts solitarius as well as in the ventral region around the nucleus ambiguus. The neurons in the brainstem surrounding the adjacent medullary reticular formation are also involved.#N#In general, the cortical and subcortical regions of the brain are important pathways in the initiation of swallowing . Studies found most people having a dominant swallowing hemisphere. The clinical implication of these findings is that one could expect oropharyngeal dysphagia to result from a unilateral cortical stroke and a unilateral medullary lesion, say after an embolic stroke, can result in bilateral pharyngeal motor and sensory dysfunction.
How many cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves (see below), each with a left and ride side. Swallowing is controlled by both cortical and brainstem regions. Multiple cortical areas of control for swallowing have been identified and include the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and the anterior cortex. (Ludlow 2005) Studies have shown that ...
Which cranial nerve innervates the tongue?
Two of the cranial nerves receive innervation from only one side of the brain (the contralateral side): CN XII (hypoglossal which innervates the tongue) and CN VII (facial which innervates the muscles of the face). Since there is not bilateral innervation to these nerves, a unilateral UMN lesion ...
Which muscle is responsible for pharyngeal constriction?
Innvervation of all muscles of the soft palate and pharynx (except stylopharyngeus, superior pharyngeal constrictor, and tensor veli palatini) Palatoglossus muscle of the tongue. Primarily responsible for pharyngeal constriction and elevation of the soft palate during velopharyngeal closure during speech and swallowing.
What happens if there is a unilateral lesion in the brain?
If there is a unilateral lesion in the brain, signals will continue to the nerves from the undamaged area. The remaining unilateral message will not be as strong as an intact system but will not result in total paralysis. Two of the cranial nerves receive innervation from only one side of the brain (the contralateral side): CN XII ...
Which portion of the vagus innervates the levator veli palatini?
Cranial portion aids vagus in innervation of the levator veli palatini and intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Which hemispheres are innervated by the cranial nerves?
This means that both the left and right side of a pair of cranial nerves are innervated by the cortex of both the left and right hemispheres. (Ertekin and Aydogdu 2003) This acts as a safety mechanism. If there is a unilateral lesion in ...
What are the functions of the cranial nerves?
Their functions are usually categorized as being either sensory or motor. Sensory nerves are involved with your senses, such as smell, hearing, and touch. Motor nerves control the movement and function of muscles or glands. Keep reading to learn more about each of the 12 cranial nerves and how they function.
What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
The oculomotor nerve has two different motor functions: muscle function and pupil response. Muscle function. Your oculomotor nerve provides motor function to four of the six muscles around your eyes. These muscles help your eyes move and focus on objects.
How many cranial nerves are there?
What are cranial nerves? Your cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. There are 12 of them, each named for their function or structure. Each nerve also has a corresponding Roman numeral between I and XII.
How many divisions does the trigeminal nerve have?
The trigeminal nerve has three divisions, which are:
Which nerve is located in the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions?
The sensory root of your trigeminal nerve branches into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions. The motor root of your trigeminal nerve passes below the sensory root and is only distributed into the mandibular division. VI. Abducens nerve.
Which nerve transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells that you encounter?
The olfactory nerve transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells that you encounter.
Where does the trigeminal nerve originate?
It also controls the movement of muscles within your jaw and ear. The trigeminal nerve originates from a group of nuclei — which is a collection of nerve cells — in the midbrain and medulla regions of your brainstem.
Overview
A number of cranial nerves send electrical signals between your brain and different parts of your neck, head and torso. These signals help you smell, taste, hear and move your facial muscles.
Function
Your cranial nerves play a role in controlling your sensations and motor skills.
Anatomy
Two of your cranial nerve pairs originate in your cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest portion of your brain that sits above your brainstem. These two pairs of cranial nerves include:
Conditions and Disorders
Some conditions or injuries can damage parts of the brain where cranial nerves are located. In some cases, a condition may damage only one cranial nerve. Trauma or surgery could injure or sever a nerve.
Care
You can keep your brain, cranial nerves and entire nervous system healthier with a few lifestyle changes. You can:
Elizabeth Rumbaugh
Prezi designed to share information about the cranial nerves involved in speech and hearing.
Accessory (XI)
primary function is as motor to muscles that help turn, tilt, and thrust the head forward/raise the sternum and clavicle if the head is in a fixed position