Euphorbiaceae
- Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants: Eudicots. Spurge family (after Euphorbus, physician to the king of Mauritania, 1st century). ...
- Poinsettias. Plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family contain latex, which is exuded when cells are injured. ...
- Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Nut Oil and Its Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses
What is the scientific name of Euphorbiaceae?
Euphorbiaceae. The Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In common English, they are sometimes called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges such as Euphorbia paralias are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis.
What are the members of the phylum Euphorbia?
Members of the family known for beauty or usefulness include Euphorbia, commonly called spurge, which comprises a wide range of succulent plants, from lawn weeds to cactuslike plants and poinsettias; ornamentals such as Codiaeum, sandbox tree ( Hura ), copperleaf ( Acalypha ), Phyllanthus, redbird cactus ( Pedilanthus ),...
What plants are in the spurge family?
A number of plants of the spurge family are of considerable economic importance. Prominent plants include cassava (Manihot esculenta), castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), Barbados nut (Jatropha curcas), and the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis).
Is Euphorbia a cactus or an herb?
Most spurges such as Euphorbia paralias are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis, : 206 are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution.
What is the scientific name of Euphorbiaceae?
EuphorbiaceaeSpurges / Scientific name
What are the characteristics of Euphorbiaceae family?
The Euphorbiaceae are distinctive in having unisexual flowers with a superior, usually 3-carpellate ovary with 1 ovule per carpel, apical-axile in placentation, many taxa with red, yellow, or usually white (“milky”) latex, the Euphorbioideae alone with reduced staminal flowers, some with a characteristic cyathium ...
Where are Euphorbiaceae located?
Euphorbia occupies a very wide range, from tropical areas of Africa (where most of the succulent Euphorbias originate), Madagascar, and the Americas to warmer, temperate areas of Asia and Europe.
How many species of Euphorbiaceae family are there?
A very large family, the sixth largest amongst the Anthophyta, with 300 genera and 5000 species, subcosmopolitan but with the strongest representation in the humid tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres.
Which is oil yielding plant of family Euphorbiaceae?
Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), commonly known as castor oil plant, is a soft wooden small tree developed throughout tropics and warm temperature regions [66].
How do you say Euphorbiaceae?
0:140:26How to Pronounce Euphorbiaceae - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipHow do you say it u4baci u4baci or otherwise known as spurges eu4baci.MoreHow do you say it u4baci u4baci or otherwise known as spurges eu4baci.
Which one of the following families is known as Castor family?
RicinusOrder:MalpighialesFamily:EuphorbiaceaeSubfamily:AcalyphoideaeTribe:Acalypheae13 more rows
Is there another name for Euphorbia?
Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
How do you identify a Euphorbiaceae family?
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, comprises some 7,500 species and 275 genera of flowering plants distributed primarily in the tropics. The flowers are typically unisexual and are borne in a characteristic cluster known as a cyathia. Many species contain milky latex, and some are useful as a source of oil or wax.
What is the common name of family Euphorbiaceae?
Explanation: The Common name of the family Euphorbiaceae is Euphorbia and also called The surge family. It is a huge gathering of plants of colourful and flowering nature. These are often referred to as zealots, which, moreover, address the title of a specific assembly of plant group species.
What is the specialized structure of Euphorbia?
Typical Euphorbia-type inflorescences are produced throughout the year under ideal conditions. A specialized structure called a cyathium (fused bracts that form a cup) has a single female flower with 3 styles surrounded by five groups of male flowers, each with a single anther, and five nectar glands.
How many species are there in Euphorbiaceae?
Taxonomy. Main article: List of Euphorbiaceae genera. The family Euphorbiaceae is the fifth-largest flowering plant family and has about 7,500 species organised into 300 genera, 37 tribes, and three subfamilies.
What is the family of Euphorbia?
Euphorbiaceae. Juss. Subfamilies. Acalyphoideae. Crotonoideae. Euphorbioideae. Euphorbia characias flowers. The Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family , are a large family of flowering plants. In common English, they are sometimes called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family.
What is the name of the false flower in Euphorbia?
The genera in tribe Euphorbieae, subtribe Euphorbiinae ( Euphorbia and close relatives) show a highly specialized form of pseudanthium ("false flower" made up of several true flowers) called a cyathium.
What is the name of the plant that causes blistering on contact?
White mangrove, also known as blind-your-eye mangrove latex ( Excoecaria agallocha ), causes blistering on contact and temporary blindness if it contacts the eyes, hence its name. Other common names are milky mangrove, buta buta ( Malay ), and gewa ( Bangladesh ). The latex of spurge was used as a laxative .
How many stamens are there in a flower?
As can be expected from such a large family, a wide variety exists in the structure of the flowers. The stamens (the male organs) number from one to 10 (or even more). The female flowers are hypogynous, that is, with superior ovaries .
Where do Euphorbiaceae live?
However, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, South Africa, and the Southern United States .
Which Euphorbiaceae member is the most dangerous?
The most dangerous Euphorbiaceae member is the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) because of their ricin content in the seeds.
How many species are there in Euphorbiaceae?
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, comprises some 7,500 species and 275 genera of flowering plants distributed primarily in the tropics. The flowers are typically unisexual and are borne in a characteristic cluster known as a cyathia.
What is the largest group of plants?
angiosperm, any of about 300,000 species of flowering plants, the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all the known green plants now living. The angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and…
What is an encyclopedia editor?
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ...
What is the largest flower in the Euphorbia genus?
Flowers of the largest genus, Euphorbia, are in cup-shaped clusters called cyathia, each of which seems to be a single female flower but actually consists of a single pistil surrounded by several male flowers, each of which has a single stamen.
What is the name of the family of succulents?
Members of the family known for beauty or usefulness include Euphorbia, commonly called spurge, which comprisesa wide range of succulent plants, from lawn weeds to cactuslike plants and poinsettias; ornamentals such as Codiaeum, sandbox tree(Hura), copperleaf(Acalypha), Phyllanthus, redbird cactus(Pedilanthus), and Jatropha; and economically important plants such as castor-oil plant(Ricinus communis), croton(Croton tiglium), Omphalea, cassava(Manihot esculenta), rubber(Hevea), tung tree(Aleurites; a source of candlenut oil), and tallow tree(Sapium). The manchineel tree(Hippomane mancinella) bears poisonous fruits, and mercury(Mercurialis) is a weed in many areas.
What are the names of the three families of Malpighiales?
Two of them, Putranjivaceae and Pandaceae, are actually quite distinct. Many of….
What is the largest group of plants?
angiosperm, any of about 300,000 species of flowering plants, the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all the known green plants now living. The angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and…
What is the name of the plant that has a spine?
In ocotillo ( Fouquieria splendens; Fouquieriaceae), the blade falls off and the petiole remains as a spine.…. angiosperm, any of about 300,000 species of flowering plants, the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae.
What are the three chambers of a flower?
Female flowers have three-chambered ovaries that are superior (that is, above, not enclosed by, other flower parts). There are as many styles as there are ovary cavities. The fruit is a three-chambered capsule. Leaves are usually simple and are alternate (or, rarely, opposite or whorled) in arrangement along the stems.
What is an encyclopedia editor?
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ...
Which plant has potentiality to be used as biofuel?
The one of prospective plants that has a potentiality to be used as biofuel is physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.). The J. curcas seed has been known containing a high content of vegetable oil [1, 2] and has the potential to be developed as biodiesel fuels [1,3]. ...
What is a jatropha curcas?
Jatropha curcas L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha curcas is a valuable multi-purpose crop , historically it was used as medicine for wounds and leaves used as drinks against malaria, jatropha plants used to control soil degradation, alleviate erosion, desertification and increase soil fertility, however, in last decades there is more attention to use jatropha oil for produce biodiesel, Jatropha curcas is easily propagated by seeds or stem cutting, it is tolerant for drought for longtime, it is grow well with treated wastewater, also, it can be grown on marginal land. Jatropha curcas seed have about 32-40% valuable oil used to produce biofuel, therefore, it could be the source for biodiesel production particularly in arid and semiarid regions.
What is the main purpose of Jatropha?
The main purpose for Jatropha in current decade s is produce biofuel or biodiesel from seeds [ 10 ].
Why is Jatropha curcas L. important?
Jatropha curcas L. has more attention from researchers and policymakers as an inexpensive source for produce biofuel to reduce environmental pollution by fossil fuel in the next decades without competing for lands and freshwater currently used for food production.
Why are jatropha curcas so popular?
In recent years, Jatropha curcas has been quite popular because of its function as a potential source of vegetable oil as a substitute for petroleum and, in particular, biodiesel production [2]. ...
How much oil does Jatropha curcas have?
marginal land. Jatropha curcas seed have about 32-40% valuable oil used to produce biofuel, therefore, it could
Why are jatropha trees used as hedges?
Jatropha trees are used as hedges because i t is unpalatable to animals [23]. Jatropha curcas is used to stop soil erosion and as desertifi cation plant [ 11 ]. Journal of Advances in Agriculture Vol 10 (2019) ISSN: 2349- 0837 https://rajpub. com/index.php/jaa. 1654.
Overview
The Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, are a large family of flowering plants. In common English, they are sometimes called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis, are succulent and resemble cacti becau…
Description
The leaves are alternate, seldom opposite, with stipules. They are mainly simple, but where compound, are always palmate, never pinnate. Stipules may be reduced to hairs, glands, or spines, or in succulent species are sometimes absent.
The plants can be monoecious or dioecious. The radially symmetrical flowers ar…
Taxonomy
The family Euphorbiaceae is the fifth-largest flowering plant family and has about 7,500 species organised into 300 genera, 37 tribes, and three subfamilies; Acalyphoideae, Crotonoideae and Euphorbioideae. Amongst the oldest fossils of the group include the permineralised fruit Euphorbiotheca deccanensis from the Intertrappean Beds of India, dating to the late Maastrichtian at the end of the Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago.
Uses and toxicity
Some species of Euphorbiaceae have economic significance, such as cassava (Manihot esculenta), castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), Barbados nut (Jatropha curcas), and the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Many are grown as ornamental plants, such as poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) or garden croton (Codiaeum variegatum). Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) are invasive weeds in North America.
Vulnerability and presumed extinction
Some species are facing the risk of becoming extinct. These include the Euphorbia species E. appariciana, E. attastoma, E. crossadenia, and E. gymnoclada.
External links
• Marc Altenloh collection (photos).
• International Euphorbia Society
• Cactus and Succulent Society of America
• Data from GRIN Taxonomy