What Factors Lead to Smog?
- Ozone. Ozone forms when nitrous oxides and VOCs chemically react in the presence of sunlight and heat. ...
- Volatile Organic Compounds. VOCs are chemical gases released from solid and liquid chemical products. ...
- Nitrous Oxide. Nitrous oxide is a natural and human-caused greenhouse gas. ...
- Reducing Smog. ...
What is the source of smog?
Today, most of the smog we see is photochemical smog. Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxide s and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factory emissions.
What is photochemical smog and what causes it?
Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxide s and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factory emissions.
Why do cities with mountains have smog problems?
Cities located in basin s surrounded by mountains may have smog problems because the smog is trapped in the valley and cannot be carried away by wind. Los Angeles, California, and Mexico City, Mexico, both have high smog levels partly because of this kind of landscape. Many countries, including the United States, have created laws to reduce smog.
What are some laws to reduce smog?
Some laws include restriction s on what chemicals a factory can release into the atmosphere, or when the factory can release them. Some communities have "burn days" when residents can burn waste such as leaves in their yard. These limits on chemicals released into the air reduce the amount of smog.
What is the main component of smog?
Ground-level ozoneGround-level ozone is the main component of smog. Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but is created by chemical reactions between airborne nitrogen compounds and other compounds in the presence of sunlight. Sunlight and hot weather cause ground-level ozone to form in harmful amounts in the air.
What are three sources of smog?
mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains. stationary sources – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories. area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning fireplaces. natural sources – such as wind-blown dust, wildfires, and volcanoes.
What are the 5 components of smog?
Smog, formed mainly above urban centres, is composed mainly of tropospheric ozone (O3); primary particulate matter such as pollen and dust; and secondary particulate matter such as sulphur oxides, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia gas.
What are types of smog?
At least two distinct types of smog are recognized: sulfurous smog and photochemical smog. Sulfurous smog, which is also called “London smog,” results from a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air and is caused by the use of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels, particularly coal.
Where is smog most common?
1: Los Angeles. 2021's smog capital is the Los Angeles-Long Beach metro area, home to 18.7 million people. The city's crowded freeways definitely play a role in creating ozone levels, but LA's famous sunny weather doesn't help.
What causes smog and pollution?
The main sources of these precursors are pollutants released directly into the air by gasoline and diesel-run vehicles, industrial plants and activities, and heating due to human activities. Smog is often caused by heavy traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds.
What is smog short answer?
What is smog? Smog is a kind of air pollution that is produced by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons which have been released into the atmosphere, specifically by automotive emissions.
What causes smog quizlet?
What causes smog? Smog is mostly caused by action of sunlight on a mixture of hydrocarbons & oxides of Nitrogen.
What is the composition of photochemical smog?
Nitric oxide (a nitrogen compound with the formula NO) and nitrogen dioxide (another nitrogen compound with the chemical formula NO 2 ) are often p...
What are the effects of photochemical smog?
Photochemical smog is created by the interaction of sunlight with certain atmospheric chemicals. Ozone is the principal component of air pollution...
How can photochemical smog be controlled?
The most obvious way to minimize photochemical smog levels is to eliminate the use of fossil fuels by using non-polluting or sustainable sources of...
What is smog in the air?
Smog is air pollution that reduces visibility. The term "smog" was first used in the early 1900s to describe a mix of smoke and fog. The smoke usually came from burning coal. Smog was common in industrial areas, and remains a familiar sight in cities today. Today, most of the smog we see is photochemical smog.
How is photochemical smog produced?
Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxide s and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factory emissions. VOCs are released from gasoline, paints, and many cleaning solvents.
Why is smog bad?
Smog is common in big cities with a lot of industry and traffic. Cities located in basin s surrounded by mountains may have smog problems because the smog is trapped in the valley and cannot be carried away by wind.
How can we reduce smog?
Everyone can do their part to reduce smog by changing a few behaviors, such as: Drive less. Walk, bike, carpool, and use public transportation whenever possible . Take care of cars. Getting regular tune-up s, changing oil on schedule, and inflating tires to the proper level can improve gas mileage and reduce emissions.
What is the result of sunlight reacting with automobile exhaust?
air pollution produced when sunlight reacts with automobile exhaust.
What causes air to move from high pressure zone to low pressure zone?
movement of air (from a high pressure zone to a low pressure zone) caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun.
When is smog the worst?
Smog is often worst in the mornings, when there is less air movement. During the early 1900s, Mexico City was known for having some of the cleanest air in the world. Author Carlos Fuentes wrote a novel about the city in 1959 and called it Where the Air is Clear.
What are the Effects of Photochemical Smog?
The atmospheric radicals interfere with the nitrogen cycle by stopping ground level ozone from being eliminated. Ground level ozone can prove to be extremely toxic to human beings. Other negative symptoms associated with photochemical smog include decreased vision and shortness of breath.
What are some examples of secondary pollutants that contribute to photochemical smog?
Common examples of secondary pollutants that contribute towards the formation of photochemical smog include aldehydes, tropospheric ozone, and peroxylacyl nitrates (often abbreviated to PAN). During peak-traffic hours in the morning, large amounts of nitrogen oxides and volatile hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere.
How does ozone affect the nitrogen cycle?
The atmospheric radicals interfere with the nitrogen cycle by stopping ground level ozone from being eliminated. Ground level ozone can prove to be extremely toxic to human beings. Other negative symptoms associated with photochemical smog include decreased vision and shortness of breath.
What is the name of the smog that is produced when UV light originating from the sun interacts with the?
Photochemical Smog. Photochemical smog, also known as summer smog , is a type of smog that is produced when UV light originating from the sun interacts with the oxides of nitrogen present in the atmosphere.
How to minimize photochemical smog?
The most obvious way to minimize photochemical smog levels is to eliminate the use of fossil fuels by using non-polluting or sustainable sources of electricity, such as nuclear power, hydropower, and wind power. Test your knowledge on photochemical smog. Q 5.
Why are nitrates released?
These pollutants are also naturally released due to events such as the eruption of volcanoes and the occurrence of forest fires. However, the vast concentration of these pollutants in areas that are densely occupied by humans is of great concern. This is because natural emissions tend to continue to spread over much wider areas.
What are the pollutants that are released by incomplete combustion of carbon?
The incomplete combustion of carbon results in the release of which of the following pollutants. ALL: particulate matter; carbon dioxide; volatile organic chemicals. Industrial smog: contains high levels of sulfur oxides and particulate matter.
What is the threshold of atmospheric carbon?
The threshold is a doubling of atmospheric carbon relative to pre-industrial levels.
Will subtropical regions increase their agricultural productivity in a warmer climate?
Subtropical regions will be able to increase their agricultural productivity in a warmer climate.
What provides the necessary nitrogen for the ecosystem?
B) Animal wastes provide the necessary nitrogen for the ecosystem.
How much sulfur dioxide does the Kilauea volcano emit?
Kilauea volcano in Hawaii emits 200-300 tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere each day. This is an example of
What is the limiting factor in plant growth?
C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth.
How is oxygen converted to ozone?
In the stratosphere, oxygen (O2) is converted to ozone (O3) by high energy ultraviolet light. When the equation is written and balanced using whole number coefficients, the coefficient of oxygen is