How many revolutionary operas were produced during the Cultural Revolution?
Originally, eight revolutionary operas (Chinese: Ba Ge Yangban Xi, 八个样板戏) were produced, eighteen by the end of the period.
What is a revolutionary model opera?
In the series of revolutionary model operas nurtured by beloved Comrade Jiang Qing, the image of proletarian heroes is established; the stage that has been controlled by landlords and representatives of the bourgeoisie for the past thousand years is now gone.
What is Chinese revolutionary opera?
This article is about the Chinese opera genre. For the North Korean opera genre, see Korean revolutionary opera. In China, revolutionary operas or model operas (Chinese: yangban xi, 样板戏) were a series of shows planned and engineered during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) by Jiang Qing, the wife of Chairman Mao Zedong.
What happened to the Opéra de Paris?
In 1990 the Opéra moved its primary venue to the new Opéra-Bastille, becoming the Opéra de Paris, although it continued to mount productions, primarily ballet, at the Palais Garnier; and the Opéra-Comique regained its autonomy.
What is the opera La Traviata about?
The opera chronicles the love story of wealthy courtesan Violetta Valéry and her young lover Alfredo Germont, a bourgeois man from a provincial family. The two meet at a lavish party hosted by Violetta at her Parisian salon and find happiness for a time before family ties, marriage, societal politics and health interfere with their love. The majority of the opera takes place in Paris or the surrounding countryside at one of Violetta’s estates.
Where was La Bohème first performed?
Originally debuting in Turin at the Teatro Regio on February 1 st 1896, Giacomo Puccini’s La Bohème has since played hundreds of times at theatres around the world. Based on a novel by Henri Murger, the opera is set in four acts and follows the relationships of romantic poet Rodolfo, his sickly seamstress lover Mimì, and their other bohemian friends; painter Marcello and singer Musetta. The original opera takes place in the Latin Quarter of Paris in the 1830s but has since also been adapted to be set in Paris in 1957 and present-day north London. Most famously, the opera is the basis for the 1996 musical Rent, one of the most popular and celebrated theatre productions of all time.
What is the theme of Dialogues des Carmélites?
Composed in 1956 by Francis Poulenc, Dialogues des Carmélites is a twelve scene opera that tells the tale of Carmelite nuns during the French Revolution. While slightly fictionalized, the opera outlines the happenings of the Martyrs of Compiègne at the close of the Reign of Terror. The truth does undisputedly lie in the finale, where the nuns are guillotined one by one for failing to give up their roles in the church. Dialogues des Carmélites is acclaimed for its fine vocal music, and concrete place in international theatre.
What is the setting of the opera "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame"?
Set after Victor Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, the opera follows the gypsy Esmeralda through her time in Paris. Adored by multiple suitors, Esmeralda finds herself ensnared in the conflicts each new suitor presents. Arthur Goring Thomas wrote the opera in four acts and the show first premiered in London in 1883 but has since fallen into obscurity.
Where is Julien set?
Whilst the majority of the opera is set throughout Rome and Julien’s imagination, the final act of the play takes place in Montmartre at Place Blanche. The opera premiered in Paris on June 4th 1913 and was not initially well-received. However, it has since played in New York and as recently as 2000 in Germany.
What is revolutionary opera?
For the North Korean opera genre, see Korean revolutionary opera. In China, revolutionary operas or model operas (Chinese: yangban xi, 样板戏) were a series of shows planned and engineered during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) by Jiang Qing, the wife of Chairman Mao Zedong.
What was the glorious achievement of revolutionary operas?
An article published in the Red Flag journal under a pen name stated, "The glorious achievement of revolutionary operas marked a revolution in art by the proletariat. It is the major component of our country's proletarian cultural revolution. . . .
How many operas were made in the Peking period?
Originally, eight revolutionary operas (Chinese: Ba Ge Yangban Xi, 八个样板戏) were produced, eighteen by the end of the period. Instead of the " emperors, kings, generals, chancellors, maidens, and beauties" of the traditional Peking opera, which was banned as "feudalistic and bourgeois," they told stories from China's recent revolutionary struggles ...
Why did Jiang Qing choose the Peking Opera?
Jiang Qing was the chief advocate and engineer of the transformation from traditional operas to revolutionary ones, and chose the Peking opera as her "laboratory experimentation" for accomplishing this radical change in theater art. The traditional Peking opera was revolutionized in both form and content.
How many operas are there in the Red Lantern?
They consisted of five modern operas ( The Legend of the Red Lantern, Shajiabang, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy, Raid on the White Tiger Regiment, and On the Docks ), two ballets ( Red Detachment of Women and The White-Haired Girl ), and one symphony (also Shajiabang, which is more precisely a cantata ).
How many people watched the 8 model operas?
The Eight Model Operas dominated the stage in all parts of the country during these years, leading to the joke "Eight hundred million people watched eight shows.".
What is the real master of history?
The real master of history has entered the field of art and started a new era in the history of art". The operas are often taken by its critics as paradigmatic of the proletarian-dominated art of the Cultural Revolution, and have been condemned by some as an aesthetic and cultural aberration.
What was the French Revolution?
The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system.
What happened to France during the American Revolution?
As the 18th century drew to a close, France’s costly involvement in the American Revolution, and extravagant spending by King Louis XVI and his predecessor, had left the country on the brink of bankruptcy.
What did the Jacobins do in 1793?
In June 1793, the Jacobins seized control of the National Convention from the more moderate Girondins and instituted a series of radical measures, including the establishment of a new calendar and the eradication of Christianity.
What was the first bicameral legislature in France?
On August 22, 1795, the National Convention, composed largely of Girondins who had survived the Reign of Terror, approved a new constitution that created France’s first bicameral legislature. Executive power would lie in the hands of a five-member Directory ( Directoire) appointed by parliament.
What was the name of the agrarian revolt that led to the end of feudalism?
Known as the Great Fear ( la Grande peur ), the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from the country and inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism on August 4, 1789, signing what the historian Georges Lefebvre later called the “death certificate of the old order.”.
What happened on June 12th?
On June 12, as the National Assembly (known as the National Constituent Assembly during its work on a constitution) continued to meet at Versailles, fear and violence consumed the capital.
What was the name of the organization that proclaimed the abolition of the monarchy?
The following month, amid a wave of violence in which Parisian insurrectionists massacred hundreds of accused counterrevolutionaries, the Legislative Assembly was replaced by the National Convention, which proclaimed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the French republic.
Summary
Background
Causes
Preparation
- The meeting was scheduled for May 5, 1789; in the meantime, delegates of the three estates from each locality would compile lists of grievances (cahiers de doléances) to present to the king.
Controversy
- By the time the Estates-General convened at Versailles, the highly public debate over its voting process had erupted into hostility between the three orders, eclipsing the original purpose of the meeting and the authority of the man who had convened it.
Prelude
- Though enthusiastic about the recent breakdown of royal power, Parisians grew panicked as rumors of an impending military coup began to circulate. A popular insurgency culminated on July 14 when rioters stormed the Bastille fortress in an attempt to secure gunpowder and weapons; many consider this event, now commemorated in France as a national holiday, as the start of th…
Aftermath
- The wave of revolutionary fervor and widespread hysteria quickly swept the countryside. Revolting against years of exploitation, peasants looted and burned the homes of tax collectors, landlords and the seigniorial elite. Known as the Great Fear (la Grande peur), the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from the country and i...
Content
- The document proclaimed the Assemblys commitment to replace the ancien régime with a system based on equal opportunity, freedom of speech, popular sovereignty and representative government.
Issues
- For months, its members wrestled with fundamental questions about the shape and expanse of Frances new political landscape. For instance, who would be responsible for electing delegates? Would the clergy owe allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church or the French government? Perhaps most importantly, how much authority would the king, his public image further weakene…
Effects
- Adopted on September 3, 1791, Frances first written constitution echoed the more moderate voices in the Assembly, establishing a constitutional monarchy in which the king enjoyed royal veto power and the ability to appoint ministers. This compromise did not sit well with influential radicals like Maximilien de Robespierre, Camille Desmoulins and Georges Danton, who began dr…
Course
- On January 21, 1793, it sent King Louis XVI, condemned to death for high treason and crimes against the state, to the guillotine; his wife Marie-Antoinette suffered the same fate nine months later.
Other activities
- They also unleashed the bloody Reign of Terror (la Terreur), a 10-month period in which suspected enemies of the revolution were guillotined by the thousands. Many of the killings were carried out under orders from Robespierre, who dominated the draconian Committee of Public Safety until his own execution on July 28, 1794.
Significance
- His death marked the beginning of the Thermidorian Reaction, a moderate phase in which the French people revolted against the Reign of Terrors excesses.