which pope was a pirate

Full Answer

Was Baldassare Cossa a pirate?

Born on an island within the Kingdom of Naples around 1370 it is claimed that Baldassare and his brothers maintained their impoverished noble family's dignity and standard of living through piracy, and that his two brothers were actually sentenced to death for their sins.

Who was Pope in 1410?

At the death of Alexander, in May 1410, he was succeeded on May 25 by Cossa as John XXIII. Meanwhile, King Ladislas of Naples—whom Pope Innocent VII had named “defender” of the church—was occupying Rome and protecting Gregory.

What did Pope John XXII do?

John XXII is also remembered for introducing the vernacular to replace Latin in church masses and for creating warmer ties between the Catholic Church and the Jewish faith. He died from complications of stomach cancer in June 1963 after a papacy lasting less than five years.

Who was Pope in 1409?

Alexander V– Italian Art Society. On June 26, 1409, Alexander V was elected as the newest pope by theologians and princes at the Council of Pisa.

Who was the pope in 1400?

Alexander VI, original Spanish name in full Rodrigo de Borja y Doms, Italian Rodrigo Borgia, (born 1431, Játiva, near Valencia [Spain]—died August 18, 1503, Rome), corrupt, worldly, and ambitious pope (1492–1503), whose neglect of the spiritual inheritance of the church contributed to the development of the Protestant ...

Who was the most powerful pope ever?

Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes....Pope Innocent IIIBornLotario de' Conti di Segni 1160 or 1161 Gavignano, Papal StatesDied16 July 1216 (aged 55–56) Perugia, Papal StatesNationalityItalianParentsCount Trasimund of Segni and Claricia Scotti19 more rows

What was Pope Pius XII known for?

Known for his oft-disputed role in the Roman Catholic Church's approach to the Nazis and World War II, Pope Pius XII also contributed a number of important documents regarding conception, fertility, abortion, and reproductive control to the Vatican's collection of writings and doctrine on procreation.

Why did the pope ban coffee?

When coffee arrived in Europe in the 16th century, clergymen pressed for it to be banned and labeled Satanic. But Pope Clement VIII took a taste, declared it delicious, and even quipped that it should be baptized.

What did pope Benedict XII do?

Benedict XII was a reforming pope who did not carry out the policies of his predecessor. He chose to make peace with Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV, and as far as possible came to terms with the Franciscans, who were then at odds with the Roman See.

Which pope was killed by a jealous husband?

Pope John XIIThe circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I) to war (Lucius II), to a beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII).

Which pope forgave his assassination?

Pope John Paul IIThe Pope later forgave Ağca for the assassination attempt. He was pardoned by Italian president Carlo Azeglio Ciampi at the Pope's request and was deported to Turkey in June 2000....Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II.Pope John Paul II assassination attemptWeaponsBrowning Hi-PowerInjured3 (including the Pope)PerpetratorMehmet Ali Ağca (Grey Wolves)5 more rows

Did the two popes ever meet?

While the meeting in 2012 is a fiction, it's a fact that the two men met at Castel Gandolfo, but that was in March 2013, after Benedict had resigned and Bergoglio was already pope.

Who was pope in 1414?

Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism.

Who was pope in 1420?

Pope Martin VA period of renewed power for the papacy began in the year 1420, when Pope Martin V (r. 1417–31) moved the papal seat back to Rome, following its long “Babylonian Captivity,” when it was based at Avignon, France (1309–77), and after the Great Schism (1378–1417), when several “popes” simultaneously claimed the office.

Who was pope in 410 AD?

Pope Innocent IPope Innocent I (Latin: Innocentius I) was the bishop of Rome from 401 to his death on 12 March 417.

Who was pope during Queen Elizabeth reign?

Before Francis, Elizabeth had met with four pontiffs, starting with Pope Pius XII in 1951, a year before her accession to the throne. Pope Benedict XVI, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth ll and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, leaves the Palace of Holyrood House at the start of his four-day visit to Britain, Sept.

Who was the pirate pope?

Genevieve Carlton. Updated April 19, 2019 8.5k views 12 items. How did Baldassarre Cossa , the pirate pope, become the leader of the Catholic Church? From 1410-1415, Cossa reigned as Pope John XXIII, but he wasn't the only pope at the time. In fact, Cossa was one of three popes who struggled to rule over the church.

Who was the pope in 1378?

After surviving most of the 14th century without a pope in Rome, the Catholic Church was divided between two popes. In 1378, Urban VI, the pope in Rome, claimed to be legitimately elected, but Clement VII, the pope in Avignon, made the same claim. Both popes claimed the other was illegitimate.

How many popes were there in 1409?

In 1409, the Catholic Church had three popes at the same time: Benedict XIII, Gregory XII, and Alexander V. All three claimed to be legitimately elected popes, and they called their rivals heretics. The chaotic situation made it easier for a former pirate to rise to the papacy.

What did Cossa do to help Pope Gregory XII?

Cossa became an important figure at the 1409 Council of Pisa, which helped him take one step closer to becoming pope. Cossa coerced both popes using scare tactics.

Who was the prisoner of the Sigismund?

After being captured, Cossa spent several years as the prisoner of German Emperor Sigismund. The council also eliminated the other two popes. Gregory XII resigned the papacy on July 4, 1415, while Pope Benedict XIII was more difficult. Benedict demanded to name his successor, which the council denied. They tried him in absentia and deposed him on July 26, 1417, finally ending the Western Schism.

Who was the Pope who held Cossa in prison?

Cossa was held prisoner by Emperor Sigismund until 1418, when he was released for ransom. Cossa's successor, Pope Martin V , agreed to name Cossa cardinal-bishop of Tusculum, but after only a few months in the position, Cossa perished. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain.

Who was the Pope who allied with the German ruler Sigismund?

Cossa was strategic as pope. He allied himself with the powerful German ruler Sigismund and helped him become Holy Roman emperor. Cossa also pushed for conflict with one of rival Pope Gregory XII's allies, Ladislaus of Naples . Yet, the former pirate pope was haunted by his bad reputation.

What ship did pirates steal a dead bishop's treasure?

The pirates who stole a dead bishop's treasure aboard the São Vicente ship in the 14th century likely used a galea sotile galley. Shown here, a model of a Galley of the Order of the Knights of St. John (Knights hospitaller), Malta. Credit: Myriam Thyes

What happened to Pope Innocent VI?

Documents published from the Vatican archives in 2014 revealed an incredible tale of pirate attacks and corruption involving a 14 th century bishop, whose lifelong accumulation of treasure was accosted by pirates on the way to Avignon, France, where Pope Innocent VI was based. One of the pirate ships ran aground and the pirates as well as a portion of the treasure was captured. The pope took the treasure and used it as gifts for royalty and to pay soldiers, courtiers and other staff.

Why was Pope Innocent VI based in Avignon?

Pope Innocent VI (reign 1352-1362) was based in Avignon due to political turmoil in Italy at the time. The pirates who stole a dead bishop's treasure aboard the São Vicente ship in the 14th century likely used a galea sotile galley.

What was the usual manner in which pirates were executed?

Hanging was the usual manner in which pirates were executed. Image source

Where did Botafoc's ship run aground?

While the ship led by Martin Yanes appears to have made a clean getaway with a bounty of treasure, Botafoc’s ship ran aground near the town of Aigues-Mortes in France, and the pirates were captured by the local garrison. The crew were quickly hanged, while Botafoc and a few of his officers were sent to prison to await their fate.

Where was the first pope born?

First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.

Who controlled the Roman popes?

Roman. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the Byzantine Empire .

What is the name of the first pope to be depicted with a papal tiara?

Italian. " Saeculum obscurum " begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara .

Why were the numbering of the popes mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages?

However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.

What is the meaning of the term "Pope"?

The term pope ( Latin: papa, lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope ).

When is the feast day of the Pope?

Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.

When was the feast day of the first Roman pope?

First Roman pope. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

Who was the Pope in 1503?

But, from 1503 to 1513, the papal chair was sat by Pope Julius II, the “Warrior Pope,” who was known to be a shrewd politician and skilled conqueror.

Who was the uncle of Pope Julius II?

Della Rovere was soon made a cardinal and continued to maneuver for his own gain. Pope Sixtus IV, uncle of future Pope Julius II, The Warrior Pope. (Painting by Melozzo da Forlì)

What was Julius II's first battle?

His first battles were against Venice, which held lands taken from the Papal States. This led to a 1508 alliance with France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire, known as the League of Cambrai. Once the Venetians were sufficiently beaten and cowed, Julius II actually flipped his alliances and joined the Holy League, which worked to push French troops out of Italy in 1512.

Who was the Pope when Mirandola fell?

Pope Julius II, the Warrior Pope, at the Siege of Mirandola. (Painting by Raffaello Tancredi) When Mirandola finally fell, he ordered money be extorted from the citizens and disbursed among his troops and that all French soldiers found in the city be executed on the spot.

Where was Peter Francisco born?

Posted On January 28, 2019 18:46:04. Peter Francisco was born into a wealthy family in June, 1760, on an island in the Azores archipelago of Portugal. When Francisco was just 5 years old, he was abducted by pirates. The future patriot was ripped from his home and carted off to a nearby ship.

Did the Pope move to his personal quarters?

But he impressed his troops once again when he came under repeated cannon attack but remained at the front. The first cannonball struck his headquarters, so the Pope moved to his personal quarters. When those were also hit, he returned to his headquarters and ordered that the damage be repaired while he waited.

Who was the first person to say "give me liberty or give me death"?

After several days of intense debate between loyalists and patriots, Patrick Henry delivered his famous quote, “Give me liberty or give me death.”.

Who was Pope of France in 1411-1413?

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice and the Patriarchate of Aquileia; and in the beginning and in 1411-1413 by Hungary and Poland however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Sicily and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland. John XXIII made the Medici Bank the bank of the papacy, contributing considerably to the family's wealth and prestige.

What was Pope John's role in the Council of Pisa?

He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII. At the instigation of Sigismund, King of the Romans, Pope John called the Council of Constance of 1413, which deposed John XXIII ...

How did John escape from Constance?

In March, John escaped from Constance disguised as a postman. According to the Klingenberger Chronicle, written by a noble client of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, John XXIII travelled down the Rhine to Schaffhausen in a boat, while Frederick accompanied him with a small band of men on horseback. There was a huge outcry in Constance when it was discovered that John had fled, and Sigismund was furious about this setback to his plans for ending the Schism. The King of the Romans issued orders to all the powers on the Upper Rhine and in Swabia stating that he had declared Frederick to be an outlaw and that his lands and possessions were forfeit. In due course this led to a great deal of political upheaval and many Austrian losses in the region, notably in Aargau to the Swiss Confederation .

What was the purpose of the Council of Pisa?

The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409.

What was John deposed for?

During his absence John was deposed by the council, and upon his return he was tried for heresy, simony, schism and immorality, and found guilty on all counts. Gibbon wrote, "The more scandalous charges were suppressed; the vicar of Christ was accused only of piracy, rape, sodomy, murder and incest .".

Who was the antipope of the Western Schism?

Antipope John XXIII. For the twentieth-century pope, see Pope John XXIII. Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes as the rightful successor of Saint Peter. ...

When was Angelo Roncalli elected Pope?

When Angelo Roncalli was elected pope in 1958, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest. There was no John XX; this is why Gibbon refers to the antipope John as John XXII. Western Schism.