Why was King Louis XVI responsible for the French Revolution?
The French revolution took place in France from 1789 to 1792, during the reign of King Louis XVI. It was an expression of discontent from the poor towards the rich, and of how they thought France was governed unfairly.
What were Louis XVI's last words?
Louis XVI's last words: 'I am innocent' PARIS, April 8 (UPI) -- A lost article by a former French executioner reveals King Louis XVI was calm and proclaimed his innocence when he was killed.
What was the great fear of the French Revolution?
The Great Fear (French: Grande Peur) was a general panic that took place between 22 July to 6 August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution.Rural unrest had been present in France since the worsening grain shortage of the spring, and, fuelled by rumors of an aristocrats' "famine plot" to starve or burn out the population, both peasants and townspeople mobilized in many regions.
What triggered the French Revolution?
although scholarly debate continues about the exact causes of the revolution, the following reasons are commonly adduced: (1) the bourgeoisie resented its exclusion from political power and positions of honour; (2) the peasants were acutely aware of their situation and were less and less willing to support the anachronistic and burdensome feudal …
Who was the king after the French Revolution?
Louis Philippe ILouis Philippe ILouis Philippe, King of the French by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1841King of the French (more...)Reign9 August 1830 – 24 February 1848Proclamation9 August 183015 more rows
What happened to the king after the French Revolution?
On 21 January 1793, King Louis XVI was guillotined in Paris, on Place de la Révolution, formerly Place Louis XV and now known as Place de la Concorde. On 8 July 1793, the Palace was declared a public establishment by the Convention.
Who became king after Louis XVI?
Louis XVIILouis XVI was the only king of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy....Louis XVIPredecessorLouis XVSuccessorLouis XVII (as disputed King of France) Napoleon I (as Emperor)Born23 August 1754 Palace of Versailles, France15 more rows
Who came to power after the French Revolution?
Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte took power in France on November 9th/10th 1799. The coup of 18/19 Brumaire in the Year VIII of the republican calendar is generally taken to mark the end of the French Revolution and the beginning of Napoleon Bonaparte's dictatorship.
Who was the last French king?
Louis XVILouis XVI, also called (until 1774) Louis-Auguste, duc de Berry, (born August 23, 1754, Versailles, France—died January 21, 1793, Paris), the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789.
Who defeated Napoleon?
the Duke of WellingtonAt Waterloo in Belgium, Napoleon Bonaparte suffers defeat at the hands of the Duke of Wellington, bringing an end to the Napoleonic era of European history. The Corsica-born Napoleon, one of the greatest military strategists in history, rapidly rose in the ranks of the French Revolutionary Army during the late 1790s.
Who ruled France after Napoleon?
Louis XVIIIBourbon Restoration, (1814–30) in France, the period that began when Napoleon I abdicated and the Bourbon monarchs were restored to the throne. The First Restoration occurred when Napoleon fell from power and Louis XVIII became king.
Who were the kings of France in order?
Capetian Dynasty987–996 Hugh Capet.996–1031 Robert II (the Pious)1031–1060 Henry I.1060–1108 Philip I.1108–1137 Louis VI (the Fat)1137–1180 Louis VII (the Young)1180–1223 Philip II Augustus.1223–1226 Louis VIII (the Lion)More items...•
How did French monarchy end?
In 1789, food shortages and economic crises led to the outbreak of the French Revolution. King Louis and his queen, Mary-Antoinette, were imprisoned in August 1792, and in September the monarchy was abolished.
What ended the French Revolution?
May 5, 1789 – November 9, 1799French Revolution / Period
Who was the king during the French Revolution?
Louis XVI1754 - 1793. Louis XVI's reign will forever be associated with the outbreak of the French Revolution and the end of Versailles' royal era. Upon coming to the throne in 1774, Louis XVI inherited a kingdom beset with serious problems.
Who won the French Revolution?
NapoleonThe revolution came to an end 1799 when a general named Napoleon overthrew the revolutionary government and established the French Consulate (with Napoleon as leader).
Does the French royal family still exist?
France is a Republic, and there's no current royal family recognized by the French state. Still, there are thousands of French citizens who have titles and can trace their lineage back to the French Royal Family and nobility.
Did any French royalty survive revolution?
But the French nobility - la noblesse - is still very much alive. In fact, in sheer numbers there may be more nobles today than there were before the Revolution. "We reckon there are 4,000 families today that can call themselves noble. True, at the Revolution there were 12,000 families.
When did France stop having a king?
In 1789, food shortages and economic crises led to the outbreak of the French Revolution. King Louis and his queen, Mary-Antoinette, were imprisoned in August 1792, and in September the monarchy was abolished.
What happened to Versailles after the revolution?
Following the French Revolution, the complex was nearly destroyed. With the exception of improvements to the Trianons, Napoleon largely neglected Versailles, and Louis XVIII and Charles X merely kept it up.
Who was the king of France in 1792?
Well, Louis was still the King 1792. After that, things get fuzzy. France didn't really have a single leader, but a series of committees and the like ran the country. Maximilian Robespierre effectively ruled the nation from 1793-1794.
When did Louis XVI rule France?
From June 1789 to then, France was under King Louis XVI and the Assembly Nationale.
What was the seat of government during the period of 1789–1792/3?
The true seat of government during the period of 1789–1792/3, would be the National Assembly; in 1790 at the Fête de la Federation, celebrating the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, people swore an oath of allegiance to “ the nation, the law, and the King”.
What was the war of the first coalition between France and other countries?
“The war of first coalition” between France and other countries ( Britain, Dutch, Spain, Austria, Prussia) after Louis’s execution. The Guillotine - a machine with a heavy blade that was used to cut off the heads of people who had been sentenced to death.
When did the 2nd Republic take over?
This state of affairs lasted until the corruption of government officials called for an 1848 Revolution in the ‘Springtime of Nations’, ushering in a short-lived 2nd Republic, which was taken over by Napoléon’s nephew in a coup d’état on the 2nd of December 1851.
When did the French Revolution end?
It came to an end in 1795 after the Thermidorian Reaction, and France came to be ruled by a Directory, and after the arrival of Napoleon in the scenario, by a Consulate finally the Napoleonic Empire until 1815. During the course of the French Revolution, many far reaching reforms came into effect.
Who was the head of state in the 1789 Revolution?
Contrast this to the pre-1789 Bourbons’ ‘Dieu Protege le Roi’ (God save the King). Directly after the 1789 Revolution, King Louis XVI was still the head of state, albeit in a constitutional monarchy where his share of ‘real’ executive power in the new government ‘diminished day by day’. The true seat of government during the period of 1789–1792/3, ...
Who was the first King of France?
The Capetian dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, included the first rulers to adopt the title of 'King of France' for the first time with Philip II (r. 1180–1223). The Capetians ruled continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. The branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois (until 1589) and Bourbon (from 1589).
Who was the king of France in 1795?
From 21 January 1793 to 8 June 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular king of France as Louis XVII; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this time, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic.
What is the title of the king of the Franks?
During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style " King of the French " was used instead of " King of France (and Navarre )". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.
How many monarchs were there in France?
Adding the 7 emperors and kings after the French Revolution, this comes to a total of 52 monarchs of France. In August 843 the Treaty of Verdun divided the Frankish realm into three kingdoms, one of which ( Middle Francia) was short-lived; the other two evolved into France ( West Francia) and, eventually, Germany ( East Francia ).
What was the name of the constitutional innovation that linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession?
It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy, which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France. With the House of Bonaparte, the " emperors of the French " ruled in 19th-century France between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870.
What was the French monarchy called?
During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–92) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style of " King of the French " was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre )". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy, which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.
When did the Valois line end?
The Valois line would rule France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the French Wars of Religion. As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French, with Joan II, a daughter of Louis X, inheriting there. Portrait. Coat of arms.
What was the French Revolution?
The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system.
What happened to France during the American Revolution?
As the 18th century drew to a close, France’s costly involvement in the American Revolution, and extravagant spending by King Louis XVI and his predecessor, had left the country on the brink of bankruptcy.
What was the name of the agrarian revolt that led to the end of feudalism?
Known as the Great Fear ( la Grande peur ), the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from the country and inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism on August 4, 1789, signing what the historian Georges Lefebvre later called the “death certificate of the old order.”.
What happened on June 12th?
On June 12, as the National Assembly (known as the National Constituent Assembly during its work on a constitution) continued to meet at Versailles, fear and violence consumed the capital.
How much of France's population was non-aristocratic?
France’s population had changed considerably since 1614. The non-aristocratic members of the Third Estate now represented 98 percent of the people but could still be outvoted by the other two bodies.
What did the nobles want from the government?
While all of the orders shared a common desire for fiscal and judicial reform as well as a more representative form of government, the nobles in particular were loath to give up the privileges they enjoyed under the traditional system.
What happened on November 9, 1799?
On November 9, 1799, as frustration with their leadership reached a fever pitch, Bonaparte staged a coup d’état, abolishing the Directory and appointing himself France’s “ first consul .” The event marked the end of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, in which France would come to dominate much of continental Europe.
Who was the last king of France?
Louis-Philippe d'Orléans was France's last king. He took power in 1830 after the July Revolution, but was forced to abdicate after an uprising in 1848.
What was Louis Philippe's reign called?
As he had taken power after the July Revolution, his reign was known as the July Monarchy. Louis-Philippe disappointed the country, and many of his supporters, when he began to govern as an autocrat. As France faced economic troubles, more uprisings took place throughout the 1830s.
What happened to Louis Philippe in 1830?
When Charles X issued four repressive ordinances in 1830, the July Revolution led to a loss of control for the monarchy. Louis-Philippe stepped into the power vacuum and was elected lieutenant general of France. After Charles X abdicated, Louis-Philippe was sworn in as King Louis-Philippe I on August 9, 1830.
How old was Louis Philippe when he died?
After his abdication, France set up its Second Republic, while Louis-Philippe spent the remainder of his life in England. He was 76 years old when he died on August 26, 1850, in Claremont, Surrey.
Why did Edward VIII abdicate the throne?
He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor.
What was Louis Philippe's role in the French Revolution?
Louis-Philippe d'Orléans was born on October 6, 1773, in Paris, France. Though related to King Louis XVI, Louis-Philippe, like his father, was a supporter of the French Revolution. He joined the French army in 1792, and went to fight in Austria, but deserted in April 1793.
Where did Louis Philippe live?
Exile and Return to France. Unable to return home, Louis-Philippe was forced to live in exile. He taught in Switzerland before going on to live in Sweden, in the United States and finally in England. There he mended fences with his Bourbon relatives and fellow exiles, including Louis XVIII.
What was the French Revolution?
The French Revolution was a turning point in the history of both France and the Palace of Versailles. The main royal residence since 1682 and the reign of Louis XIV, the Palace was abandoned by the royal family in 1789.
What happened to the royal family in 1789?
The revolutionary sales. The royal family’s hasty departure in 1789 meant the Palace retained all its furniture, apart from a few items and utensils required to set the family up at Tuileries. Paris, and the Louvre, in particular, gained the paintings and other artworks. Anecdote.
How to take part in the history of the Palace of Versailles?
Take part in the history of the palace of Versailles by supporting a project that suits you: adopt a linden tree, contribute to the missions of the Palace or participate in the refurnishing of the royal apartments.
What happened to Versailles after the French Revolution?
Versailles after the French Revolution. And then? The French Revolution was a turning point in the history of both France and the Palace of Versailles. The main royal residence since 1682 and the reign of Louis XIV, the Palace was abandoned by the royal family in 1789.
How was Trianon saved?
The estate of Trianon was saved at the last minute from the threat of demolition thanks to the establishment of vegetable and orchard cultivation there. The Grand Canal was drained and the trees cut down for firewood. The thefts and deterioration of the pipework were condemned.
When did the royal family leave Versailles?
The royal family left the Palace of Versailles on 6 October 1789 for the Tuileries Palace in Paris, but many expected they would swiftly return. Even though the sovereign and the court were no longer in residence, the Palace was not left to go to ruin. On the contrary, and as always during the royal family’s absences, the opportunity was taken to carry out repairs. Scaffolding was erected in the Hall of Mirrors, in preparation for restoration work on the paintings on the vaulted ceiling. From Paris, Louis XVI ordered the Grand Canal to be cleaned, as it tended to silt up.#N#But time marched on, and the news from Paris did not suggest that Louis XVI and the royal family would be returning to Versailles. On 21 January 1793, King Louis XVI was guillotined in Paris, on Place de la Révolution, formerly Place Louis XV and now known as Place de la Concorde.
Where was Louis XVI guillotined?
But time marched on, and the news from Paris did not suggest that Louis XVI and the royal family would be returning to Versailles. On 21 January 1793, King Louis XVI was guillotined in Paris, on Place de la Révolution, formerly Place Louis XV and now known as Place de la Concorde. Louis XVI at the foot of the scaffold, 21 January 1793 , ...
What was the French Revolution?
The French Revolution ( French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of fundamental political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended in November 1799 with the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of Western liberal democracy.
Which country was the first to adopt liberalizing reforms in line with the French Revolution?
The Kingdom of Denmark adopted liberalising reforms in line with those of the French Revolution, with no direct contact. Reform was gradual and the regime itself carried out agrarian reforms that had the effect of weakening absolutism by creating a class of independent peasant freeholders.
What is the estate general of 1789?
The Estates-General was divided into three parts; the First for members of the clergy, Second for the nobility, and Third for the "commons".
What happened in 1790?
By December 1790, the Brabant revolution had been crushed and Liège was subdued the following year. During the Revolutionary Wars, the French invaded and occupied the region between 1794 and 1814, a time known as the French period. The new government enforced new reforms, incorporating the region into France itself.
What country did the French invade?
The French invaded Switzerland and turned it into the " Helvetic Republic " (1798–1803), a French puppet state. French interference with localism and traditions was deeply resented in Switzerland, although some reforms took hold and survived in the later period of restoration.
What was the most controversial thing about the French Revolution?
One of the most heated controversies during the Revolution was the status of the Catholic Church. In 1788, it held a dominant position within society; to be French meant to be a Catholic. By 1799, much of its property and institutions had been confiscated and its senior leaders dead or in exile. Its cultural influence was also under attack, with efforts made to remove such as Sundays, holy days, saints, prayers, rituals and ceremonies. Ultimately these attempts not only failed but aroused a furious reaction among the pious; opposition to these changes was a key factor behind the revolt in the Vendée.
What colors did the French wear in 1789?
Cockades were widely worn by revolutionaries beginning in 1789. They now pinned the blue-and-red cockade of Paris onto the white cockade of the Ancien Régime. Camille Desmoulins asked his followers to wear green cockades on 12 July 1789. The Paris militia, formed on 13 July, adopted a blue and red cockade. Blue and red are the traditional colours of Paris, and they are used on the city's coat of arms. Cockades with various colour schemes were used during the storming of the Bastille on 14 July.
Who was the king of Russia during the French Revolution?
Russia was ruled by Czarina Catherina, a former Enlightenment fan, turned Conservative. During the French Revolution she, and no Austrian or Prussian King, embodied the Reaction as she detested the French Revolution with a hatred transcending reason...
Which kings were kings after Napoleon?
Yes after Napoleon there was the restauration with kings Louis XVIII, Charles X and Louis-Philippe which was the first not to be king of France but king of the French
What was France like when Robespierre was at the helm?
By the time Robespierre was at the helm France became hysterically hypernationalist , ressembling in its nationalist fervor the Third Reich..
Why did the monarchy cling to the Tower of Babel?
The monarchy had reasons for clinging to the Tower of Babel. In a democracy, keeping citizens ignorant of the national language , unable to control power , is a betrayal of the motherland… In a free country, the language must be the same for one and all. ] What money we spent translating the laws of the first two national assemblies into France's various idioms! As though it were up to us to maintain these barbaric dialects and coarse idioms, which now serve only fanatics and counter-revolutionaries!
When did the people of Paris storm the Bastille?
So! It’s 1789, the people of Paris have stormed the Bastille, and the libe
Which country embraced the Enlightenment?
For some reasons most German monarchies led by the Kingdom of Prussia had embraced the Enlightenment. They were rarely truly democratic but rather modern for their day and age and the Germans so had less reason to revolt..
When did Bourbons stop being restored?
Of course. After Napoleon, a branch of the Bourbons were restored, lastng until 1848, I believe.
