Who came up with the idea of mass production?
The mass production of automobiles. The traditional example of mass production is the automobile industry, which has continued to refine the basic principles originally laid down by Henry Ford and other pioneers of mass production techniques. Today’s automobile is the result of a large number of mass production lines established in a multitude of manufacturing and assembly facilities ...
Who introduced assembly lines and mass production?
On December 1, 1913, Henry Ford installs the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an entire automobile. His innovation reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to one hour and 33 minutes.
Who is the father of modern mass production?
Who is generally considered the "Father" of the modern assembly line? Henry Ford. Which decade was marked by the emergence of "mass production" and "mass consumption"? 1920s. The Ford Motor Company and the Model T dominated the auto industry from 1908 through the mid 1920s. Ford lost its dominance, however, in the mid-1920s because
Who was the first to mass produce automobiles?
Mass production. First sold in 1908, Henry Ford’s Model T was sturdy, reliable, and easy to drive. In 1913, it became the first car to be mass-produced in a factory on a moving assembly line. At the peak of production, up to 10,000 cars left the factory each day, bringing the price down to a level that ordinary people could afford.
Who began mass production?
industrialist Henry FordMuch of the credit for bringing these early concepts together in a coherent form, and creating the modern, integrated, mass production operation, belongs to the U.S. industrialist Henry Ford and his colleagues at the Ford Motor Company, where in 1913 a moving-belt conveyor was used in the assembly of flywheel magnetos.
How did mass production start?
An early example of mass production dates back to 1913 when Henry Ford pioneered the first assembly line technique for his famous Ford Model T. Ford's automobiles became available at a lower price because of the efficiency of the method.
When was invented mass production?
Mass production was popularized in the late 1910s and 1920s by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company, which introduced electric motors to the then-well-known technique of chain or sequential production.
What did mass production lead to?
Mass production resulted in lower prices of consumer goods. Eventually, economies of scale resulted in the most affordable price of any product for the consumer without the manufacturer having to sacrifice profits. A good case in point would be the automobile and its predecessor, the horse-drawn carriage.
When did mass production start in the Industrial Revolution?
Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800.
Who was the first person to mass produce cars?
First sold in 1908, Henry Ford's Model T was sturdy, reliable, and easy to drive. In 1913, it became the first car to be mass-produced in a factory on a moving assembly line.
What is another word for mass production?
In this page you can discover 13 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for mass-production, like: volume production, mass-produced, manufacturing, reduplication, productiveness, mechanisation, mass-producing, mechanization, production, assembly-line production and automation.
What came before mass production?
Before mass-production methods were introduced, producers made things to order. They did not, by and large, manufacture things in the vague hope of selling them at some later date. They made things when they knew they had a customer. In Elizabethan times, shops were not stuffed with goods waiting for buyers.
How did mass production begin to change the United States during the 1920s?
The Effects of Mass Production For workers, higher efficiency and productivity meant higher wages, less working hours, and a rise in overall quality of life.
What was mass production in the 1920s?
The car industry is the best example of mass production during the 1920s. The three big car manufacturers were Ford, Chrysler and General Motors. They were major employers (7.1 per cent of all factory workers) and accounted for 12.7 per cent of revenue .
What method of manufacturing introduced in the early 1900s made mass production possible?
The method of manufacturing that made mass production in the USA possible was the implementation of interchangeable assembly parts leading up to the moving assembly line for large scale production.
What is considered to be the first mass-produced product?
An early example of mass production is when Henry Ford installed the first moving assembly line in 1913. Ford's assembly line enabled him to mass produce entire automobiles. As a result, Ford's Model T was available at a lower cost because they were built more efficiently.
When was mass production first used?
The term mass production was popularized by a 1926 article in the Encyclopædia Britannica supplement that was written based on correspondence with Ford Motor Company. The New York Times used the term in the title of an article that appeared before publication of the Britannica article.
What was the first mass production article?
An influential article that helped to frame and popularize the 20th century's definition of mass production appeared in a 1926 Encyclopædia Britannica supplement. The article was written based on correspondence with Ford Motor Company and is sometimes credited as the first use of the term.
Why did Henry Ford get the Dewar Trophy?
Although after leaving the Henry Ford Company which was rebranded as Cadillac and later was awarded the Dewar Trophy in 1908 for creating interchangeable mass-produced precision engine parts, Henry Ford downplayed the role of Taylorism in the development of mass production at his company.
What was the role of Henry Ford in mass production?
Although after leaving the Henry Ford Company which was rebranded as Cadillac and later was awarded the Dewar Trophy in 1908 for creating interchangeable mass-produced precision engine parts, Henry Ford downplayed the role of Taylorism in the development of mass production at his company. However, Ford management performed time studies and experiments to mechanize their factory processes, focusing on minimizing worker movements. The difference is that while Taylor focused mostly on efficiency of the worker, Ford also substituted for labor by using machines, thoughtfully arranged, wherever possible.
How many machines were made in 1808?
By 1808, annual production from the 45 machines had reached 130,000 blocks and some of the equipment was still in operation as late as the mid-twentieth century. Mass production techniques were also used to rather limited extent to make clocks and watches, and to make small arms, though parts were usually non-interchangeable. Though produced on a very small scale, Crimean War gunboat engines designed and assembled by John Penn of Greenwich are recorded as the first instance of the application of mass production techniques (though not necessarily the assembly-line method) to marine engineering. In filling an Admiralty order for 90 sets to his high-pressure and high-revolution horizontal trunk engine design, Penn produced them all in 90 days. He also used Whitworth Standard threads throughout. Prerequisites for the wide use of mass production were interchangeable parts, machine tools and power, especially in the form of electricity .
How did Electrification affect the production of electricity?
Many factories saw a 30% increase in output just from changing over to electric motors. Electrification enabled modern mass production, as with Thomas Edison's iron ore processing plant (about 1893) that could process 20,000 tons of ore per day with two shifts of five men each.
Why was Standard Oil vertically integrated?
Standard Oil, the major oil company in the 19th century, was vertically integrated partly because there was no demand for unrefined crude oil, but kerosene and some other products were in great demand. The other reason was that Standard Oil monopolized the oil industry. The major oil companies were, and many still are, vertically integrated, from production to refining and with their own retail stations, although some sold off their retail operations. Some oil companies also have chemical divisions.
What was the purpose of mass production in WW1?
Mass production increased volume whilst decreasing prices and civilian production was put to war manufacture especially the use of the assembly line pioneered by Henry Ford. Henry Ford introduced the Model T automobile one year before war broke out in Europe during WWI. He pioneered the assembly line. This was very important to the war effort. When America entered WW1, plants, like Henry Ford's, converted production of automobiles to the production of tanks.
Who invented the assembly line?
Olds developed the first auto assembly line in order to build his Oldsmobiles. But the modern concept of the moving assembly line rightfully belongs to Ford.
How much did the Model T cost in 1913?
By 1913, a finished Model T rolled out of the factory every 40 seconds. Production went from 14,000 in 1909 to 189,000 in 1913, while the price dropped from $950 to $550. Contemporary observers were amazed by this level of productivity, but a final innovation was coming.
Where was Ford made?
The various threads of mass production came together at the Ford Motor Co. in Highland Park, Michigan, from 1908 to 1915. Cars were a relatively new invention and were still too expensive for the average person. Many were too heavy or low powered to be practical. Henry Ford set out to produce a light, strong car that could be sold at a reasonable price. His Model T, released in 1908, was designed to meet these goals. Ford’s top engineers and mechanics had backgrounds in the uniformity system, making sewing machines and farm equipment. From the beginning, they adopted interchangeability of part
When was the Model T made?
After studying how to make cars in the simplest most logical, way possible, Ford built a Model T factory between 1908 and 1910 that favored the sequential assembly of parts. Machine tools, which made the parts of the car, were designed to perform one specialized operation. One machine tool did nothing but drill 45 holes into the side of an engine block. The machine tools were placed at the point in the assembly sequence where they were used; previous manufacturers usually had grouped machine tools together by category.
Where was the munitions plant built?
Among the Allies, French industrial giant Citroën built a munitions plant with a moving assembly line at Quai Javel in 1915, where 13,000 workers were soon producing 35,000 shells a day; the same year saw French aircraft makers create assembly lines for fighter plane engines in new factories at Toulouse (still the center of the French aviation industry today) while Italian industrial concern Fiat used assembly line techniques for its new vehicle factory at Lingotto. Back in France, the Vénissieux plant opened by Berliet and Renault in 1917 employed 10,000 workers on assembly lines producing trucks and tanks.
When were crossbows invented?
They were used in the Warring States period around 475 BCE.
Why did factories adopt mass production?
Many factories adopted mass production—large volume, installation of specialized machinery to reduce human labor, and the use of low-skilled workers. Labor turnover was very high.
What is assembly line production?
Assembly line production meant regimentation—everyone on a shift had to work the same hours. To enforce the rules, managers made workers punch a time card.
What did Henry Ford do to the tractor industry?
Henry Ford and his engineers applied techniques developed in the automobile industry to revolutionize tractor production. Mass production lowered prices for consumers, but relegated workers to low-skill, mind-numbing jobs. View object record.
What did workers use to set the speed of production?
Workers used skill and knowledge to set the speed of production. Some managers, seeking to assert control, used scientific studies to set "optimal" machine speeds.
Who used motion studies to analyze workers' movements?
Management consultants Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used motion studies to analyze workers' movements. Managers sought to increase efficiency, but workers feared being treated like machines.
When did mass production start?
An early example of mass production dates back to 1913 when Henry Ford pioneered the first assembly line technique for his famous Ford Model T. Ford’s automobiles became available at a lower price because of the efficiency of the method.
Why do mass production systems require upgrading and new improvements?
Second, mass production systems require upgrading and new improvements to keep up with the latest innovations in the market. A typical scenario can be seen in a pharmaceutical firm that manufactures popular drug products on a comprehensive assembly line. If a different production process is required due to regulatory changes, the company will be required to incur significant investment in time and money to adopt a new assembly line.
What is mass customization?
Mass customization involves providing end-users with what suits their needs at a lower cost. Thus, products that meaningfully meet customer’s needs are customized on a large scale. The conventional firms that deal with mass customization call for flexibility, responsiveness, and the configuration of units, processes, people, and environments to provide uniquely customized products that meet user requirements at a relatively low cost.
What is the purpose of mechanization in mass production?
Mass production commonly uses mechanization to achieve labor division, high volume, monitoring and quality control, and material flow.
Why is mechanization associated with low production costs?
It is also associated with low production costs because the mechanization eliminates redundant job roles, thus requiring fewer workers.
What is capital intensive manufacturing?
Capital-intensive. First, mass production requires automated assembly lines, which is capital-intensive and requires large sums of investments to set up and maintain. Only companies with a large capital outlay can implement mass production in their manufacturing process. 2. Requires constant upgrades.
What is manufacturing resource planning?
Manufacturing Resource Planning Manufacturing resource planning is a system that is used to effectively plan the use of a manufacturer’s resources. It enables manufacturers
Summary
History
Standardized parts and sizes and factory production techniques were developed in pre-industrial times; before the invention of machine tools the manufacture of precision parts, especially metal ones, was very labor-intensive.
Crossbows made with bronze parts were produced in China during the Warring States period. The Qin Emperor unified China at least in part by equipping large …
Overview
Mass production involves making many copies of products, very quickly, using assembly line techniques to send partially complete products to workers who each work on an individual step, rather than having a worker work on a whole product from start to finish.
Mass production of fluid matter typically involves pipes with centrifugal pumps or screw conveyors (augers) to transfer raw materials or partially complete products between vessels. Fluid flow pro…
The use of assembly lines
Vertical integration
Vertical integration is a business practice that involves gaining complete control over a product's production, from raw materials to final assembly.
In the age of mass production, this caused shipping and trade problems in that shipping systems were unable to transport huge volumes of finished automobiles (in Henry Ford's case) without causing damage, and also government policies imposed trade barriers on finished units.
Advantages and disadvantages
The economies of mass production come from several sources. The primary cause is a reduction of non-productive effort of all types. In craft production, the craftsman must bustle about a shop, getting parts and assembling them. He must locate and use many tools many times for varying tasks. In mass production, each worker repeats one or a few related tasks that use the same tool to perform identical or near-identical operations on a stream of products. The exact tool and par…
Socioeconomic impacts
In the 1830s, French political thinker and historian Alexis de Tocqueville identified one of the key characteristics of America that would later make it so amenable to the development of mass production: the homogeneous consumer base. De Tocqueville wrote in his Democracy in America (1835) that "The absence in the United States of those vast accumulations of wealth which favor the expenditures of large sums on articles of mere luxury... impact to the productions of Americ…
See also
• Batch production
• Craft production
• Continuous production
• Culture industry
• Fast-moving consumer goods