Who coined the term “biodiversity hotspot?
The term “Biodiversity hotspot” was coined by Norman Meyers. Norman Myers wrote about the concept in two articles in “The Environmentalist” (1988), and 1990 revised after thorough analysis by Myers and others “Hotspots: Earth's Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions” and a paper published in the journal Nature.
What is a biodiversity hotspot Myers 2000?
Biodiversity hotspot. To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot on Myers 2000 edition of the hotspot-map, a region must meet two strict criteria: it must contain at least 0.5% or 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics, and it has to have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation. Around the world, 36 areas qualify under this definition.
What are biodiversity hotspots?
Certain areas have large numbers of endemic species — those found nowhere else. Many of these are heavily threatened by habitat loss and other human activities. These areas are the biodiversity hotspots, 36 regions where success in conserving species can have an enormous impact in securing our global biodiversity.
Where did the concept of hotspots come from?
[1] [2] Norman Myers wrote about the concept in two articles in The Environmentalist in 1988 [3] and 1990, [4] after which the concept was revised following thorough analysis by Myers and others into “Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions” [5] and a paper published in the journal Nature, both in 2000. [6]
WHO declares biodiversity hotspots in India?
According to Conservation International, a region must fulfill the following two criteria to qualify as a hotspot: The region should have at least 1500 species of vascular plants i.e., it should have a high degree of endemism. It must contain 30% (or less) of its original habitat, i.e. it must be threatened.
Who identifies biodiversity hotspot?
ecologist Norman MyersHow did the concept of biodiversity hotspots begin? In 1988, British ecologist Norman Myers published a seminal paper identifying 10 tropical forest “hotspots.” These regions were characterized both by exceptional levels of plant endemism and serious levels of habitat loss.
Who is the founder of biodiversity?
Charles Darwin [2] identified the first principle of the origin of modern biodiversity, namely that all species were linked in a single great phylogeny, or tree of life, and that all could be traced back to a presumed single original species at some distant time in the geological past.
Which is the biggest biodiversity hotspot of the world?
The Andes Mountains Tropical Hotspot is the world's most diverse hotspot. About one-sixth of all plant species in the world live in this region.
Which is the largest biodiversity hotspot in India?
The correct answer is Western Ghat. Western Ghat is a bio-diversity-rich place in India. Biodiversity hotspots are located only in tropical regions. India has four biodiversity hotspots, i.e., Eastern Himalayas, Western Himalayas, Western Ghats, and Andaman, and the Nicobar Islands.
Why India is called mega biodiversity hotspot?
An area is known as a hotspot if it contains at least 0.5 per cent of endemic plant species. India is considered a mega-diversity hotspot due to the great diversity of organisms found here, ranging from eastern to western ghats to northern and southern India as well. Mainly Western ghats are now at high risk.
Who defined biodiversity?
1980 – Thomas Lovejoy introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community in a book. It rapidly became commonly used.
When was the biodiversity first coined?
1985The term biological diversity was coined by Thomas Lovejoy in 1980, while the word biodiversity itself was coined by W.G. Rosen in 1985 while planning the National Forum on Biological Diversity organized by the National Research Council (NRC) which was to be held in 1986, and first appeared in a publication in 1988 ...
Who coined the term biodiversity for the first time?
Walter G. RosenIn his recent interview with BioScience (Verdier 2021), John Burris repeated the well-known story that the term biodiversity was introduced in the late 1980s by Walter G. Rosen of the National Academy of Sciences.
How many hotspots are there in the world in 2022?
Around the world, 36 areas qualify as hotspots. Their intact habitats represent just 2.5% of Earth's land surface, but they support more than half of the world's plant species as endemics — i.e., species found no place else — and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics.
Where is the headquarter of IUCN?
Gland, SwitzerlandInternational Union for Conservation of Nature / HeadquartersThe IUCN head office is in Gland, Switzerland. Eight regional offices headed by a director implement IUCN's program in their respective territories. Since 1980, IUCN has established offices in more than 50 countries.
Which country has the richest biodiversity?
BrazilBrazil. It is the country with the greatest biodiversity of flora and fauna on the planet. Brazil has the highest number of species of known mammals and freshwater fish, and more than 50,000 species of trees and bushes, it takes first place in plant diversity.
How many hotspots are identified globally?
These areas are the biodiversity hotspots, 36 regions where success in conserving species can have an enormous impact in securing our global biodiversity. The forests and other remnant habitats in hotspots represent just 2.5% of Earth's land surface.
What are the objectives of identifying biodiversity hotspots?
The purpose of biodiversity hotspots is not simply to identify regions that are of high biodiversity value, but to prioritize conservation spending. The regions identified include some in the developed world (e.g. the California Floristic Province), alongside others in the developing world (e.g. Madagascar).
What is called biodiversity hotspot?
Many areas within the tropical zones are considered biodiversity hotspots and are home to the world's most rare and endangered species. Whether we are talking about mountain ranges, islands, or tropical forests, the impressive diversity of life in these areas makes them important places to protect and study.
Which location would best be described as a biodiversity hotspot?
7 Biodiversity Hotspots You Should KnowThe Caribbean Islands. ... The Atlantic Forest in Brazil. ... Southeast Asia. ... The Philippines. ... The Horn of Africa. ... Madagascar. ... The California Coast.
How many biodiversity hotspots are there in the world?
There are over 30 recognized biodiversity hotspots in the world. The Andes Mountains Tropical Hotspot is the world’s most diverse hotspot. About one-sixth of all plant species in the world live in this region. The New Zealand archipelago is another hotspot.
What is a biodiversity hotspot?
Most plants in a biodiversity hotspot are endemic, meaning they are not found anywhere else on Earth. Yet biodiversity hotspots are, by definition, in a conservation crisis. To be classified as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation, usually due to human activity.
What is an endemic plant?
endemic. Adjective. native to a specific geographic space. rainforest. Noun. area of tall, mostly evergreen trees and a high amount of rainfall. vascular plant. Noun. group of plants which have specific tissues for transporting water and minerals throughout the plant.
What is the definition of a natural resource?
all the different kinds of living organisms within a given area. management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect. destruction or removal of forests and their undergrowth. native to a specific geographic space. area of tall, mostly evergreen trees and a high amount of rainfall.
Which island nation is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna?
The island nation of New Zealand is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, and the unique species that call it home contribute to the world's biodiversity.
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Why are biodiversity hotspots important?
Species are the building blocks of Earth's life-support systems. We all depend on them.
What is Conservation International?
What’s more, Conservation International is an investor in the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. CEPF is an alliance of leading conservation donors that provides grants to nonprofit and private-sector organizations that are working to protect the biodiversity hotspots and improve human well-being.
What are the hotspots of biodiversity?
These areas are the biodiversity hotspots, 36 regions where success in conserving species can have an enormous impact in securing our global biodiversity.
How many hotspots are there in the world?
Around the world, 36 areas qualify as hotspots. Their intact habitats represent just 2.5% of Earth’s land surface, but they support more than half of the world’s plant species as endemics — i.e., species found no place else — and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics.
How much land is hotspot?
The forests and other remnant habitats in hotspots represent just 2.5% of Earth’s land surface. But you’d be hard-pressed to find another 2.5% of the planet that’s more important.
How many vascular plants are needed for a hotspot?
It must have at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics — which is to say, it must have a high percentage of plant life found nowhere else on the planet. A hotspot, in other words, is irreplaceable. It must have 30% or less of its original natural vegetation. In other words, it must be threatened.
Where are Conservation International offices located?
From Indonesia to Madagascar , Brazil to southeast Asia, a majority of Conservation International’s global field offices are located in or near biodiversity hotspots. We continue to work to protect these places for the benefit of people around the world.
What is a hot spot in biodiversity?
Hot spots are the areas where the density of biodiversity is very high. this high diversity is also known as megadiversity. These areas are the most threatened areas. Over the world, 25 terrestrial hot spots have been identified for the conservation of biodiversity. There are 4 hotspots of Biodiversity in India.
How long has biodiversity been around?
Biodiversity is the result of 3.5 billion years of evolution. It has been subject to periods of extinction. The latest and most destructive stage of extinction is Holocene extinction, which has occurred due to the impact of human beings on the environment.
What are the causes of biodiversity loss?
Habitat destruction is a major cause for biodiversity loss. Habitat loss is caused by deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming. Species which are physically large and those living in forests or oceans are more affected by habitat reduction.
What is biodiversity in biology?
Biodiversity also refers to the number, or abundance of different species living within a particular region. It represents the wealth of biological resources available to us. It’s all about the sustaining the natural area made up of community of plants, animals, and other living things that is being reduced at a steady rate as we plan human activities that is being reduced by habitat destruction.
How many hotspots are there in the world?
Around the world, 35 areas qualify as hotspots. They represent just 2.3% of Earth’s land surface, but they support more than half of the world’s plant species as endemics — i.e., species found no place else — and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics.” (Conservation International)
What is the definition of biodiversity?
Biodiversity or Biological diversity is a term that describes the variety of living beings on earth. In short, it is described as degree of variation of life. Biological diversity encompasses microorganism, plants, animals and ecosystems such as coral reefs, forests, rain forests, deserts etc.
Why are invasive species threatened?
Invasive species refer to those that would normally remain constrained from an ecosystem because of the presence of natural barriers. Since these barriers are no longer existing, invasive species invade the ecosystem, destroying native species. Human activities have been the major cause for encouraging invasive species.
What is the 36th biodiversity hotspot?
The North American Coastal Plain – the low-lying land stretching from Texas to Florida to New England – was recently named the 36th biodiversity hotspot in the world, highlighting the importance of this region, but signaling concerns over threats to the plant and animal life there.
What is the hotspot list?
The list represents some of the world’s most remarkable places that are also the most threatened. These places are reservoirs of plant and animal life and the highest priorities for conservation.
How many species of plants are in the Coastal Plain?
The Coastal Plain has 1,816 endemic plants and has suffered an 85.5 percent loss of natural habitat. The loss of habitat shows no sign of slowing, according to several studies. Florida is entirely within the Coastal Plain and is the richest area biologically, but also the most threatened.
What is the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund?
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the European Union, the Global Environment Facility, Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank.
Why does CEPF work only in biodiversity hotspots?
The extinction crisis is vast, and conservation funds are limited, so focus is a critical element of CEPF's approach. Biodiversity hotspots are home to thousands of irreplaceable species that are facing multiple, urgent threats. These are places where CEPF's relatively small investments can help move the needle in a meaningful way toward sustainable conservation.
How did the concept of biodiversity hotspots begin?
In 1988 , British ecologist Norman Myers published a seminal paper identifying 10 tropical forest “hotspots.” These regions were characterized both by exceptional levels of plant endemism and serious levels of habitat loss.
Why is conservation important in hotspots?
Conservation in the hotspots promotes sustainable management of these essential natural resources and supports economic growth , which also reduces drivers of violent conflict. CEPF works with civil society in the hotspots to protect biodiversity.
How many species are there in hotspots?
For example, both the Sundaland Hotspot in Southeast Asia and the Tropical Andes Hotspot in South America have about 15,000 endemic plant species. The loss of vegetation in some hotspots has reached a startling 95 percent.
How many people live in biodiversity hotspots?
The 36 biodiversity hotspots are home to around 2 billion people, including some of the world's poorest, many of whom rely directly on healthy ecosystems for their livelihood and well-being. The hotspots provide crucial ecosystem services for human life, such as provision of clean water, pollination and climate regulation.
How many species of vascular plants are there in a biodiversity hotspot?
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, an area must meet two strict criteria: Contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants found nowhere else on Earth (known as "endemic" species). Have lost at least 70 percent of its primary native vegetation. Many of the biodiversity hotspots exceed the two criteria.
What is the 35th hotspot in Australia?
In 2011, the Forests of East Australia was identified as the 35th hotspot by a team of researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) working with Conservation International.
What is biodiversity hotspot?
To be classified as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation, usually due to human activity. There are over 30 recognized biodiversity hotspots in the world.
How many biodiversity hotspots are there in the world?
There are 36 biodiversity hotspots in the world. They represent just 2.4% of Earth’s land surface, but they support more than half of the world’s plant species as endemics – i.e., species found no place else – and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics.
What are examples of hotspots?
Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland and Yellowstone hotspots.
What is the richest hotspot in the world?
Sundaland is one of the biologically richest hotspots in the world which comprises 25,000 species of vascular plants, of which 15,000 are found only in this region. Related Links: IUCN Red List. List of Biosphere Reserves in India. Biodiversity Conservation and its Importance. Importance of Biodiversity.
How many species of vascular plants are there in India?
The region should have at least 1500 species of vascular plants i.e., it should have a high degree of endemism. It must contain 30% (or less) of its original habitat, i.e. it must be threatened. Following the criteria must for an area to be declared as Biodiversity Hotspot, there are major four biodiversity hotspots in India: The Himalayas.
How many species are endangered in India?
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, “India accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals. But with the rapid loss of biodiversity, many species are becoming extinct or at risk of becoming critically endangered. The species that are at risk of extinction due to the sudden decrease in their population and habitat are known as endangered species.
What are the red lists?
The IUCN Red List can be divided into the following 9 categories: 1 Extinct (EX) – No known individuals remaining. 2 Extinct in the wild (EW) – Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range. 3 Critically endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. 4 Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild. 5 Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild. 6 Near threatened (NT) – Likely to become endangered shortly. 7 Least concern (LC) – Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a more at-risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. 8 Data deficient (DD) – Not enough data to assess its risk of extinction. 9 Not evaluated (NE) – Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria
Answer
Biodiversity hotspots are regions under surveillance of humans where threatened and endemic species of flora and fauna are grown. These regions have been identified as some of the world's most important ecosystems.
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