Full Answer
Why TCP/IP is most used protocol?
why TCP/IP is most used protocol?
- It is non-proprietary
- It is ISO standard
- Is is simple enough with basic features that everyone or companies need (supports file transfer, mail, remote logon, etc)
- It is a robust infrastructure
- It is cheap
- Is is developed by DoD (US Department of Defence) back to early days where first "internet" comes
Who was originally designed TCP IP?
Who originally designed TCP/IP? IBM Xerox Novell The Department of Defense. Networking Objective type Questions and Answers.
Why was UDP chosen over TCP?
Why use UDP over TCP, if UDP is unreliable and can have packet loss/timeouts. For example if an application developer chooses UDP the reason is mostly because the application is going to be directly talking with IP. And if you read the pervious post about demultiplexing, you’d know that, UDP uses the destination port number to deliver the ...
Why is TCP/IP designed for connectivity?
The advantages of using the TCP/IP model include the following:
- helps establish a connection between different types of computers;
- works independently of the OS;
- supports many routing protocols;
- uses client-server architecture that is highly scalable;
- can be operated independently;
- supports several routing protocols; and
- is lightweight and doesn't place unnecessary strain on a network or computer.
Who created the TCP IP model?
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the research branch of the U.S. Department of Defense, created the TCP/IP model in the 1970s for use in ARPANET, a wide area network that preceded the internet.
When was TCP IP invented?
1970sTCP/IP was developed in the 1970s and adopted as the protocol standard for ARPANET (the predecessor to the Internet) in 1983.
Who used TCP IP first?
The work on TCP and IP dates back to the 1970s. Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn submitted the first-ever paper on the internet, titled “A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication.” at the IEEE Transactions on Communications conference in 1974.
Where did TCP IP come from?
In the late 1970's, a set of networking protocols that allowed two or more computers to communicate, known as TCP/IP, were developed by The Defense Data Network, part of the Department of Defense, for widespread industry use across its Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet).
Who invented TCP and UDP?
The most popular network protocol in the world, TCP/IP protocol suite, was designed in 1970s by 2 DARPA scientists—Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, persons most often called the fathers of the Internet.
Who introduced IP?
IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974, which was complemented by a connection-oriented service that became the basis for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Why the TCP IP model is invented?
TCP/IP was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to specify how computers transfer data from one device to another. TCP/IP puts a lot of emphasis on accuracy, and it has several steps to ensure that data is correctly transmitted between the two computers.
What are the 5 layers of TCP IP?
Each host that is involved in a communication transaction runs a unique implementation of the protocol stack.Physical Network Layer. The physical network layer specifies the characteristics of the hardware to be used for the network. ... Data-Link Layer. ... Internet Layer. ... Transport Layer. ... Application Layer.
Why is TCP IP still used?
It is one of the most commonly used protocols within digital network communications and ensures end-to-end data delivery. TCP organizes data so that it can be transmitted between a server and a client. It guarantees the integrity of the data being communicated over a network.
How many layers are in TCP IP model?
four4 The TCP/IP Protocol Stack is made up of four primary layers: the Application, Transport, Network, and Link layers (Diagram 1). Each layer within the TCP/IP protocol suite has a specific function. When the layers of the model are combined and transmitted, communication between systems can occur.
Why was TCP and IP separated?
Basically, the monolithic design of TCP would soon become inflexible and unable to scale efficiently. Therefore TCP was split into two protocols, TCP & the Internet Protocol (IP).
What is difference between TCP IP and OSI model?
What is the main difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model? Ans. TCP/IP Model is a communication protocols suite using which network devices can be connected to the Internet. On the other hand, the OSI Model is a conceptual framework, using which the functioning of a network can be described.
Who published TCP and IP in 1971?
The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971.
Who published TCP IP in 1978?
In the early 1970s ARPANET and other data networks that were beginning to be constructed around the world each operated according to different hardware and software protocols, thus making it impossible for them to communicate with one another.
Why the TCP IP model is invented?
TCP/IP was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to specify how computers transfer data from one device to another. TCP/IP puts a lot of emphasis on accuracy, and it has several steps to ensure that data is correctly transmitted between the two computers.
What was there before TCP IP?
On New Year's Day, 1983, ARPANET switched from their NCP protocol to TCP/IP, which was considered more flexible and more powerful. There it is! Finally we get the hallowed initialism of 'IP! '
How many layers are there in the TCP/IP model?
The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model. It contains four layers, unlike seven layers in the OSI model. The layers are: The diagrammatic comparison of the TCP/IP and OSI model is as follows : Difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model: TCP refers to Transmission Control Protocol.
What is TCP protocol?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – It is known to provide reliable and error-free communication between end systems. It performs sequencing and segmentation of data. It also has acknowledgment feature and controls the flow of the data through flow control mechanism. It is a very effective protocol but has a lot of overhead due to such features. Increased overhead leads to increased cost.
Why is SSH preferred over NTP?
The reason SSH is more preferred is because of its ability to maintain the encrypted connection. It sets up a secure session over a TCP/IP connection. NTP – NTP stands for Network Time Protocol. It is used to synchronize the clocks on our computer to one standard time source.
What is the OSI model?
The OSI Model we just looked at is just a reference/logical model. It was designed to describe the functions of the communication system by dividing the communication procedure into smaller and simpler components. But when we talk about the TCP/IP model, it was designed and developed by Department of Defense (DoD) in 1960s and is based on standard protocols. It stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model. It contains four layers, unlike seven layers in the OSI model. The layers are:
What does NTP mean in computer?
NTP – NTP stands for Network Time Protocol. It is used to synchronize the clocks on our computer to one standard time source. It is very useful in situations like bank transactions. Assume the following situation without the presence of NTP. Suppose you carry out a transaction, where your computer reads the time at 2:30 PM while the server records it at 2:28 PM. The server can crash very badly if it’s out of sync.
What is the difference between ICMP and ARP?
ICMP – stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It is encapsulated within IP datagrams and is responsible for providing hosts with information about network problems. ARP – stands for Address Resolution Protocol. Its job is to find the hardware address of a host from a known IP address.
What does ICMP stand for?
ICMP – stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It is encapsulated within IP datagrams and is responsible for providing hosts with information about network problems.
When was TCP/IP first used?
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the research branch of the U.S. Department of Defense, created the TCP/IP model in the 1970s for use in ARPANET, a wide area network that preceded the internet. TCP/IP was originally designed for the Unix OS, and it has been built into all of the OSes that came after it.
Who maintains TCP/IP?
The TCP/IP model and its related protocols are now maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force.
How are TCP/IP and IP different?
For example, IP is a low-level internet protocol that facilitates data communications over the internet. Its purpose is to deliver packets of data that consist of a header, which contains routing information, such as source and destination of the data, and the data payload itself.
Why are TCP and OSI models similar?
The functions performed in each model are also similar because each uses a network layer and transport layer to operate. The TCP/IP and OSI models are each mostly used to transmit data packets. Although they will do so by different means and by different paths, they will still reach their destinations.
What is TCP/IP protocol?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or extranet).
How many bytes are in an IP packet?
The maximum size of a single IP data packet, which contains both the header and the data, is between 20 and 24 by tes long. This means that longer strings of data must be broken into multiple data packets that must be independently sent and then reorganized into the correct order after they are sent.
Why is TCP/IP stateless?
Collectively, the TCP/IP suite of protocols is classified as stateless, which means each client request is considered new because it is unrelated to previous requests. Being stateless frees up network paths so they can be used continuously.
When was IP developed?
Several other IP prototypes were developed at multiple research centers between 1978 and 1983. Before the January 1, 1983 "Flag Day", the Internet used NCP instead of TCP as the transport layer protocol. A computer called a router is provided with an interface to each network.
Who designed the Cyclades network?
Cerf credits Hubert Zimmermann and Louis Pouzin, designer of the CYCLADES network, with important influences on this design. The new protocol was implemented as the Transmission Control Program in 1974.
Why is TCP/IP called TCP/IP?
It is commonly known as TCP/IP because the current foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). During its development, versions of it were known as the Department of Defense ( DoD) model because the development of the networking method was funded by the United States Department ...
What is the name of the protocol that is still used in the Internet?
It became known as Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) as the protocol that is still in use in the Internet, alongside its current successor, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
Which standard would result in the best and most robust computer networks?
Nonetheless, for a period in the late 1980s and early 1990s, engineers, organizations and nations were polarized over the issue of which standard, the OSI model or the Internet protocol suite would result in the best and most robust computer networks.
What was the first internetworked connection?
Diagram of the first internetworked connection. An SRI International Packet Radio Van, used for the first three-way internetworked transmission. The Internet protocol suite resulted from research and development conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA) in the late 1960s.
When was the transmission control program implemented?
The new protocol was implemented as the Transmission Control Program in 1974. Initially, the Transmission Control Program managed both datagram transmissions and routing, but as experience with the protocol grew, collaborators recommended division of functionality into layers of distinct protocols.
What is TCP in the internet?
TCP is one of the basic standards that define the rules of the internet and is included within the standards defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It is one of the most commonly used protocols within digital network communications and ensures end-to-end data delivery. TCP organizes data so that it can be transmitted between ...
What is TCP?
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol a communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network. It is designed to send packets across the internet and ensure the successful delivery of data and messages over networks.
What is My TCP/IP Address?
A TCP/IP address may be required to configure a network and is most likely required in a local network.
What is the alternative to TCP?
An alternative to TCP is the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is used to establish low-latency connections between applications and decrease transmissions time. TCP can be an expensive network tool as it includes absent or corrupted packets and protects data delivery with controls like acknowledgments, connection startup, and flow control.
What protocol is used to send and receive email?
It is also used to send and receive email through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Post Office Protocol (POP), ...
What is the difference between TCP and IP?
IP obtains and defines the address—the IP address—of the application or device the data must be sent to. TCP is then responsible for transporting and routing data through the network architecture and ensuring it gets delivered to the destination application or device that IP has defined. In other words, the IP address is akin to a phone number ...
How does TCP work?
TCP organizes data so that it can be transmitted between a server and a client. It guarantees the integrity of the data being communicated over a network. Before it transmits data, TCP establishes a connection between a source and its destination, which it ensures remains live until communication begins.
How many hosts can an IP address have?
Following the new assignment of the bits, the length of the Host portion of the IP address becomes 5 bits allowing to have 2^5 → 32 hosts in each range. We don't forget that the first and last IP addresses in each range are not assignable to devices.
What is a scenario involving a technology company that specializes in computer networks and a client company that wants?
Let's consider a scenario involving a technology company that specializes in computer networks and a client company that wants to use a network to facilitate its operations. The requirements of the client will change with the expansion of the business and the technology company has to provide solutions to those needs.
How to divide IP addresses into smaller ranges?
Subnetting is a way to divide one range of IP addresses into smaller ranges by taking some bits from the host part in the subnet mask of the IP and adding them to the network portion. As an example, consider the private range 192.168.0.x/24 and let's divide it into eight parts as demonstrated in Figure-2.
Why do James and Teresa decide to visit the client company?
James and Teresa decide to visit the client company to gather more details about the planned network. They make the following notes:
What is transmission control protocol?
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite is the goto for designing computer networks. While the suite itself is sophisticated, the design principles are simple. We'll study these design principles and apply them to a simple network.
How does address translation work?
The address translation works by mapping an internal IP address to an external public address or external TCP port. And since our router will have one public IP, the address translation using the TCP port number is the one to use. When an internal device sends a packet to the external network, the router translates the private source address into the public address of the ADSL interface. When a packet enters the router from the external network, the router converts the public destination address into a local address. The router keeps a table of internal addresses and the corresponding TCP ports for translation purpose as Figure-5 demonstrates.
