When was the psychopathic checklist published?
The Psychopathy Checklist Revised was developed by Hare, R.D. in 1985, and was formally published in 1991. The 20-item revision of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) is a rating scale designed to measure traits of psychopathic personality disorder.
What is the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R)?
The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) is a diagnostic tool that was developed in the 1990s and is used to rate a person’s psychopathic and/or antisocial tendencies (Hare, 1993).
How is the PCL-R used to diagnose psychopaths?
The instrument can be used to aid in making a diagnosis of psychopathy or can be a trait measure of psychopathic personality (Hare, Harpur, Hakstian, Forth, Hart, & Newman, 1990). The PCL-R was originally developed for use in experimental psychopathy (Cooke, Michie, Hart, & Hare, 1999).
Is the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised a 2-factor model of psychopathy?
Research using the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R), however, has emphasized a 2-factor model. A review of the literature on the PCL-R and related measures of psychopathy, together with confirmatory factor analysis of PCL-R data from North American participants, indicates that the 2-factor model cannot be sustained.
Who developed psychopathy checklist?
Robert HareRobert Hare (Figure 4) created the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) in 1980 and revised it in 1991 (PCL-R) (Hare, 1991) (Figure 5).
What is the PCL-R checklist?
The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) is a diagnostic tool that was developed in the 1990s and is used to rate a person's psychopathic and/or antisocial tendencies (Hare, 1993).
What is the PCL-R assessment?
The PCL-R is a 20-item scale for the assessment of psychopathy in research, clinical and forensic settings. It involves a semi-structured interview, file and collateral information. • The PCL-R produces dimensional scores; it can also be used to classify or diagnose individuals for research and clinical purposes.
Who first defined psychopathy?
The term psychopathy comes from the German word psychopastiche, the first use of which is generally credited to the German psychiatrist J.L.A. Koch in 1888,39 and which literally means suffering soul.
Is the PCL-R test reliable?
Although widely described as "reliable and valid" in research reports, several recent field studies have suggested that PCL-R scores provided by examiners in forensic cases are significantly less reliable than the interrater reliability values reported in research studies.
Why is the PCL-R important?
We conclude that the ability of the PCL-R to predict recidivism, violence, and treatment outcome has considerable cross-cultural generalizability, and that the PCL-R and its derivatives play a major role in the understanding and prediction of crime and violence.
What did Ted Bundy score on the psychopath test?
The bar for clinical psychopathy is a score of 30 or higher; serial killer Ted Bundy scored 39.
Is the Hare psychopathy checklist still used?
The Hare checklist is still used to diagnose members of the original population for which it was developed—adult males in prisons, criminal psychiatric hospitals, and awaiting psychiatric evaluations or trial in other correctional and detention facilities.
How many factors does PCL-R have?
three factorsThe current edition of the PCL-R officially lists three factors (1. a, 1. b, and 2. a), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis.
When was psychopathy discovered?
The concept of psychopathy emerged in the late 19th century in Germany, and was used as a synonym for aggressive and irresponsible behaviour (Koch 1891).
Why was psychopathy removed from the DSM?
The sociopathic influence on antisocial personality disorder was so strong that even one of Cleckley's characteristics of psychopathy, 'inability to experience guilt', and one of the criteria for personality disorder, antisocial personality in the DSM-II, was removed from the list of criteria for diagnosis in the DSM- ...
Is psychopathy in the DSM 5?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) does not list psychopathy as an official clinical diagnosis.
When was psychopath defined?
The first known use of psychopath was in 1885 See more words from the same year.
When was psychopathy added to the DSM?
Psychopathy Essential Reads The DSM-5 was published on May 18, 2013, superseding the DSM-IV-TR, which was published in 2000.
Who is the most famous psychopath?
Ted Bundy is one of those names that is practically synonymous with “serial killer” and “psychopath.” He was known to be very sly and charming, which was the shiny veneer he used to lure his many victims.
What is a psychopathy checklist?
The Psychopathy Checklist or Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, now the Psychopathy Checklist—revised ( PCL-R ), is a psychological assessment tool most commonly used to assess the presence of psychopathy in individuals—most often those institutionalized in the criminal justice system—and to differentiate them from those suffering from antisocial personality disorder, a similar but distinct illness. It is a 20-item inventory of perceived personality traits and recorded behaviors, intended to be completed on the basis of a semi-structured interview along with a review of 'collateral information' such as official records.
Who developed the PCL?
The PCL was originally developed in the 1970s by Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare for use in psychology experiments, based partly on Hare's work with male offenders and forensic inmates in Vancouver, and partly on an influential clinical profile by American psychiatrist Hervey M. Cleckley first published in 1941.
What is the fourth factor in PCL-R?
In the 2003 edition of the PCL-R, Hare added a fourth antisocial behavior factor, consisting of those factor 2 items excluded in the previous model. Again, these models are presumed to be hierarchical with a single, unified psychopathy disorder underlying the distinct but correlated factors. In the four-factor model of the psychopathy, supported by a range of samples, the factors represent the interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and overt antisocial features of the personality disorder.
What is the PCL R?
PCL-R model of psychopathy. The PCL-R is used for indicating a dimensional score, or a categorical diagnosis, of psychopathy for clinical, legal, or research purposes. It is rated by a mental health professional (such as a psychologist or other professional trained in the field of mental health, psychology, or psychiatry), using 20 items.
How long does it take to get a psychopathy score?
It can take up to three hours to collect and review the information. Out of a maximum score of 40, the cut-off for the label of psychopathy is 30 in the United States and 25 in the United Kingdom. A cut-off score of 25 is also sometimes used for research purposes.
What are the factors on the PCL-R?
The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists three factors (1.a, 1.b, and 2.a), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The previous edition of the PCL-R listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and mostly small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing.
What are PCL-R factors?
PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning).
How reliable is the PCL-R?
Thereafter, factor analysis reduced the 100 items down to 20 reliable items. The PCL-R has good reliability and validity (internal consistency = .87; interrater reliability =.94; test-retest reliability = .89 (Hare, Clark, Grann & Thornton, 2000). Additionally, the predictive validity of the PCL-R is good insofar as results from several studies have indicated that the PCL-R scores are correlated with antisocial and violent behaviour (inside and outside of prison). This includes recidivism and response to correctional treatments (Grenn et al., 1993). In comparison to other measures of psychopathy, the PCL-R’s ability to predict criminal behaviour is as good as, or better than the ADP and MMPI (Hare, 1993).
What is PCL R?
The PCL-R is used to diagnose psychopathy in individuals across clinical, legal, and research contexts. It was originally designed to identify the degree of a person’s (adult forensic population) psychopathic tendencies. More recently, the PCL-R is also being used on other groups: female forensic populations, sex offenders, ...
What are the elements of a psychopath interview?
Overall, two key elements of a psychopath are assessed: selfish and unfeeling victimisation of other people, and an unstable and antisocial lifestyle.
What are the symptoms of a psychopath?
A psychopath is characterised by the following symptoms: lack of conscience or sense of guilt; lack of empathy; egocentricity; pathological lying; disregard for the law and social convention; shallow emotion; and a history of victimising others (Hare, 1993).
How much does a PCL cost?
The PCL-R is available to buy online at a cost of about $550 US. It is a useful diagnostic tool in forensic populations and is also used in research. In considering the populations that the PCL-R is used with, research in this area would be difficult in terms of approval of ethics.
How long does it take to score a PCL?
The administration and scoring will take about 3 hours. An important note is that the PCL-R is not used in isolation to perform a diagnosis; rather, ...
When to use PCL R?
An important note is that the PCL-R is not used in isolation to perform a diagnosis; rather, it is used in combination with a semi-structured interview and a review of the client’s file records and history. This is to compensate for the face that psychopaths are prone to lying, and are generally quite good at it.
Who created the psychopathy checklist?
The Psychopathy Checklist by Robert Hare. Robert Hare is one of the greatest experts in psychopathic personality and criminal behavior. His psychopathy checklist, also known as PCL-R, is the most significant resource not only to detect a psychopath but also to assess their violent inclination. The psychopathy checklist or PCL-R is an international ...
What does the psychopathy checklist evaluate?
The psychopathy checklist or the PCL-R is used to assess the presence or absence of psychopathic traits in an individual for clinical, legal, or research purposes. This test was created in the 1990s and it was initially effective in assessing a person’s psychopathic tendencies. However, little by little, Hare and his team of researchers decided to take a closer look.
What is the best book on psychopathy?
The psychopathy checklist: Purpose, application, and reliability. One of the best books on psychopathic personality is Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us, written by Robert Hare and published in 2003. In this book, the author describes his extensive experience in this field. The story of this book begins ...
Why was Robert Hare's psychopathy test accepted?
The second reason why Robert Hare’s psychopathy test was so accepted is because it could be used beyond the criminal population. Thus, in a clinical setting, people began to see it as a simple and valid tool to evaluate possible violent tendencies, as well as sexual aggressiveness in men, women, and adolescents.
Why did the PCL-R come into existence?
Therefore, the creation of the current PCL-R came to be so that researchers could to see the potential risk of a convicted subject to relapse and repeat their past actions.
When was Valeria213 written?
Written and verified by the psychologist Valeria213 in 15 November, 2021.
Who created the forensic resource?
This is perhaps one of the most interesting clinical resources due to the person who designed it. Its creator, Robert Hare, is a doctor of psychology and professor. As of now, he still stands as a reference in the field of criminal studies. His works in the area of psychopathology and psychophysiology are outstanding.
Who wrote the revised psychopathy manual?
Hare, R. D. (1991). Manual for the revised psychopathy
What is psychopathy associated with?
Psychopathy was positively associated with in-house ratings of charisma/presentation style (creativity, good strategic thinking and communication skills) but negatively associated with ratings of responsibility/performance (being a team player, management skills, and overall accomplishments).
What is psychopathy in psychology?
to the construct of psychopathy among adults. Psychopathy, as de fined by the PCL-R, consists. of a cluster of interpersonal (e.g., manipulative), affective (e.g., lack of empathy), behavioral (e.g., parasitic lifestyle), and antisocial (e.g., criminal. versatility) features. Although the PCL-R was not.
What are the two psychopathological traits that affect interpersonal relationships?
Two sets of psychopathological traits known for their devastating impact on interpersonal relationships are psychopathy and narcissism. The current study was developed to provide a fine-grained analysis of the relationship between four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, ...
What are the factors of psychopathy?
Research using the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R), however, has emphasized a 2-factor model. A review of the literature on the PCL-R and related measures of psychopathy, together with confirmatory factor analysis of PCL-R data from North American participants, indicates that the 2-factor model cannot be sustained. A 3-factor hierarchical model was developed in which a coherent superordinate factor, Psychopathy, is underpinned by 3 factors: Arrogant and Deceitful Interpersonal Style , Deficient Affective Experience, and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioral Style. The model was cross-validated on North American and Scottish PCL-R data, Psychopathy Screening Version data, and data derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) antisocial personality disorder field trial.
Can PCL-R be used to make present?
able. The PCL-R cannot be used to make present
Is PCL-R predictive accuracy?
many). The predictive accuracy of the PCL-R has
What is PCL R?
Psychopathy is more than just aggression; the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is the premiere diagnostic tool for psychopathy and it assesses 20 characteristics or behaviours (Kiehl, 2014).
What is conduct disorder?
Conduct disorder is a significant psychiatric disorder of childhood and adolescence. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth version (DSM-5), added the limited prosocial specifier to identify those individuals who exhibit a more severe pattern of behavior characterized by a callous and unemotional (CU) interpersonal style across multiple settings and relationships. This review has attempted to summarize the relevant research focusing on the significance of CU interpersonal style in the development of psychopathy. The primary focus was on the electrophysiological and neuropsychological correlates of CU traits and their implication on the treatment protocol using neurofeedback training for children with such traits. The source of the literature search was PubMed, which majorly uses the MEDLINE database. The keywords used included CU traits, conduct disorder, child psychopathy, empathy, electrophysiology, criminal behavior, neuropsychology, neurofeedback training, and so on. Studies from the last 15 years were considered for the review. This review revealed that children with conduct disorder and high-CU traits with a combination of reactive and proactive aggression are more likely to develop psychopathy. Evidence suggests that these children have distinct forms of electrophysiological and neuropsychological correlates. However, research in this area is still not conclusive as they yield variation in findings. Studies on the efficacy of neurofeedback training on reducing symptoms such as impulsivity, hostility, and psychopathy indicate that neurofeedback training can be a promising treatment alternative for children with severe conduct disorder.
What is the original hare psychopathy checklist?
The Original Hare Psychopathy Checklist is a psychological assessment tool designed to assess the presence of psychopathy in individuals. It consists of a 22-item checklist of perceived personality traits and observable behaviors. It is intended to be completed on the basis of a semi-structured interview along with a review of ancillary information.
When was the PCL developed?
The PCL was originally developed in the 1970s by Canadian psychologist Robert Hare for use in psychology experiments. It has since undergone revision to the newer PCL-R(Psychopathy Checklist - Revised) in which 2 of the questions from the original assessment were removed after statistical analysis showed said questions to be unhelpful.
Overview
The Psychopathy Checklist or Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, now the Psychopathy Checklist—revised (PCL-R), is a psychological assessment tool most commonly used to assess the presence of psychopathy in individuals—most often those institutionalized in the criminal justice system—and to differentiate them from those with antisocial personality disord…
PCL-R model of psychopathy
The PCL-R is used for indicating a dimensional score, or a categorical diagnosis, of psychopathy for clinical, legal, or research purposes. It is rated by a mental health professional (such as a psychologist or other professional trained in the field of mental health, psychology, or psychiatry), using 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a semi-structured interview.
Items
• Item 1: Glibness/superficial charm
• Item 2: Grandiose sense of self-worth
• Item 3: Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
• Item 4: Pathological lying
Use
The PCL-R is widely used to assess individuals in high-security psychiatric units, prisons and other settings. This may be of help in deciding who should be detained or released, or who should undergo what kind of treatment. It is also used in academic psychology for its original purpose as an assistive tool in studies on the pathology of psychopathy.
The PCL-R also has some wide use as a risk assessment tool that attempts to predict who will of…
Comparison with psychiatric diagnoses
Among laypersons and professionals, there is much confusion about the meanings and differences between psychopathy, sociopathy, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and the ICD-10 diagnosis, dissocial personality disorder. Hare takes the stance that psychopathy as a syndrome should be considered distinct from the DSM-IV's antisocial personality disorder construct, although the DSM states ASPD has been referred to as or includes the disorder of psy…
Other PCL-R findings
According to Hare, one FBI study produced in 1992 found that 44 percent of offenders who killed a police officer were psychopaths. The study was 'Killed in the Line of Duty: A Study of Selected Felonious Killings of Law Enforcement Officers.'
There has been some controversy over the use of the PCL-R by UK prison and secure psychiatric services, including its role in the government's new administrative category of 'Dangerous and S…
Criticism
In addition to the aforementioned report by Cooke and Michie that a three-factor structure may provide a better model than the two-factor structure, Hare's concept and checklist have faced other criticisms.
In 2010, there was controversy after it emerged that Hare had threatened legal action that stopped publication of a peer-reviewed article on the PCL-R. Hare alleged the article quoted or p…
Notable evaluations
• "Wayne", subject of Channel 4's 2000 documentary film Psychopath, was assessed the "extremely rare" score of 40/40.
• Aileen Wuornos was evaluated as 32/40.
• Brian David Mitchell was evaluated as 34/40.