Who was the original leader of the Maryland colony?
Maryland was created as a refuge for Carholics by Lord Baltimore. Unlike the Virginia colony, this colony had a few farmers and didn’t have many attacks from the native population. John Smith was the leader of the original settling colony and guided the colonists into working with his strict policies.
Who were the founding fathers of the colony of Maryland?
The Founding Fathers: Maryland En Español Daniel Carroll, Maryland. Daniel Carroll was member of a prominent Maryland family of Irish descent. A collateral branch was led by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Daniel's older brother was John Carroll, the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States.
Who owned the Maryland colony?
The Province of Maryland was established as an English Colony in 1632, and began as a proprietary colony of the British Lords Baltimore, who wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the new world.
What are facts about colonial Maryland?
Facts about Colonial Maryland 2: the primary industries. There were two main fields of industries in Colonial Maryland. Both were agriculture and manufacturing. Indigo, rice, wheat and corn were the main agricultural products. The iron works and shipbuilding were the main manufacturing products. In 1719, there was an act which promoted and ...
What did Maryland's first colonists do?
Aware of the mistakes made by Virginia’s first colonists, Maryland’s settlers, rather than hunt for gold, made peace with the local Native Americans and established farms and trading posts, at first on the shores and islands of the lower Chesapeake.
When was Baltimore founded?
In 1729 Baltimore was founded. Maryland’s dominant “country party” early resisted British efforts to make the colonies bear more of the costs of government. Frederick county repudiated the Stamp Act in 1765, and in 1774, the year after the Boston Tea Party, a ship loaded with tea was burned at an Annapolis dock.
What was the first settlement in the Potomac?
The first governor of the proprietary colony, Leonard Calvert, the younger brother of Cecilius, landed the founding expedition on St. Clements Island in the lower Potomac in March 1634. The first settlement and capital was St. Marys City. Aware of the mistakes made by Virginia’s first colonists, Maryland’s settlers, rather than hunt for gold, made peace with the local Native Americans and established farms and trading posts, at first on the shores and islands of the lower Chesapeake. The field hands included indentured labourers working off the terms of their passage and, after about 1639, African slaves. The most important crop was tobacco. Roads and towns were few, and contact with the English-model manor houses was largely by water.
What colony was once a proprietary colony of the Calverts?
In 1715 Maryland once again became a proprietary colony of the Calverts, who had converted to Protestantism. Maryland nonetheless remained a haven for dissidents from sectarian rigidity in other colonies. Church Creek: Old Trinity Church. Old Trinity Church, one of the oldest Episcopal churches in the United States (c.
Why is Maryland called the Old Line State?
Maryland is sometimes called the “Old Line State” in honour of the Maryland troops who served with Gen. George Washington. Among the most-reliable troops in the Continental Army, they were often given difficult tasks; Washington called them “The Maryland Line.”.
What was the purpose of the Calvert family?
Roads and towns were few, and contact with the English-model manor houses was largely by water. The Calvert family provided for religious freedom in the colony, and this was formalized by the General Assembly in 1649 in an Act Concerning Religion, later famous as the Act of Religious Toleration.
Where is the Western Maryland Railway Station?
Western Maryland Railway Station (1913), Cumberland, Maryland , part of the state's Canal Place Heritage Area. Tim Tadder/Maryland Office of Tourism. Learn how both Union and Confederate regiments and commanders came from Maryland and learn about their battles in the state.
Who was the colony of Maryland?
Maryland Colony began as a proprietary colony of the English Lord Baltimore, who wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the new world at the time of the European wars of religion.
When did Maryland become a colony?
Maryland developed into a plantation colony by the 18th century. In 1700 there were about 25,000 people and by 1750 that had grown more than 5 times to 130,000. By 1755, about 40% of Maryland’s population was black. Maryland planters also made extensive use of indentured servants and penal labor.
What was the name of the British colony that was founded in 1632?
Russell Yost. Categories. Colonial America. Maryland Colony was a British colony that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the 13 original colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland.
What was the religious dissent in Maryland?
Although Maryland was an early pioneer of religious toleration in the English colonies, religious dissent among Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers was common in the early years, and Puritan rebels briefly seized control of the colony. In 1689, the year following the Glorious Revolution, John Coode led a rebellion ...
How many acres of land did the Maryland colonists get?
To try to gain settlers, Maryland used what is known as the headright system, which originated in Jamestown. Settlers were given 50 acres of land for each person they brought into the colony, whether as settler, indentured servant or slave.
Which colony was the only one that remained an English proprietary colony?
Up to the time of the American Revolutionary War, the Maryland Colony was one of two colonies that remained an English proprietary colony, Pennsylvania being the other.
What was Maryland's economy centered on?
Its early settlements and population centers tended to cluster around the rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay and, like Virginia, Maryland’s economy quickly became centered on the cultivation of tobacco, for sale in Europe.
What is the history of Maryland?
(Redirected from History of maryland) Jump to navigation Jump to search. The flag of Maryland. The recorded history of Maryland dates back to the beginning of European exploration, starting with the Venetian John Cabot, who explored the coast of North America for the Kingdom ...
When did Maryland join the Union?
In 1781, during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), Maryland became the seventh state of the United States to ratify the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. They were drawn up by a committee of the Second Continental Congress (1775–1781), which began shortly after the adoption of a Declaration of Independence in July 1776, to 1778. Later that year, these articles were recommended to the newly independent sovereign states via their legislatures for the required unanimous ratification. This long process was held up for three years by objections from smaller states led by Maryland until certain issues and principles over the western lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. These objections were resolved with the larger states agreeing to cede their various western claims to the authority of the new Congress of the Confederation, representing all the states, to be held in common for the laying out and erection of new states out of the jointly held federal territories. Maryland then finally agreed to join the new American confederation by being one of the last of the former colonies ratifying the long proposed Articles in 1781, when they took effect.
What tribes lived in the state of Virginia?
By the 17th century, the state was populated by a mix of Iroquoian and Algonquian peoples. These were the Susquehannocks (west of the Delaware River), the Tuscarora and Tockwogh (on the Delmarva Peninsula between the Delaware and Indian Rivers), the Piscataway (surrounding the Potomac River from Washington D.C. south) and the Nanticoke (Delmarva Peninsula, south of the Indian River). John Smith labelled the Tuscarora as the Kuskarawock on an early map from 1606, but they shortly thereafter moved west to join the Meherrin and Nottoway in Virginia. Meanwhile, the Tockwogh may have moved to New York and/or been given refuge by the Susquehannock. They are noted as the Akhrakovaetonon and Trakwaerronnons, which seems similar to Tockwogh. They were extinct as a people by the end of the 17th century, however.
Why was Terra Mariae named Terra Mariae?
Some Catholic scholars believe that George Calvert named the province after Mary, the mother of Jesus. The name in the charter was phrased Terra Mariae, anglice, Maryland. The English name was preferred due to the undesired associations of Mariae with the Spanish Jesuit Juan de Mariana, linked to the Inquisition.
Why did the Puritans revolt?
Because Anglicanism had become the official religion in Virginia, a band of Puritans in 1642 left for Maryland; they founded Providence (now called Annapolis ). In 1650 the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. They set up a new government prohibiting both Catholicism and Anglicanism.
Why did Maryland use the headright system?
As did other colonies, Maryland used the headright system to encourage people to bring in new settlers. Led by Leonard Calvert, Cecil Calvert's younger brother, the first settlers departed from Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, on November 22, 1633, aboard two small ships, the Ark and the Dove.
How many Marylanders went south to fight for the Confederacy?
According to the best extant records, up to 25,000 Marylanders went south to fight for the Confederacy.
Who founded the Maryland colony?
The Maryland Colony was founded by Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore and others in 1633 at Baltimore. The Maryland Colony was named after King Charles I's wife Queen Henrietta Maria. The Maryland Colony's original name was the Province of Maryland. The Maryland Colony was founded as a refuge for English Catholics.
What was the original name of the Maryland colony?
The Maryland Colony's original name was the Province of Maryland. The Maryland Colony was founded as a refuge for English Catholics.
What are some interesting facts about the Maryland colony?
The Maryland Colony was one of America's first original 13 colonies. The 13 original colonies were divided into three regions which included the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The Maryland Colony was one of the Southern Colonies which also included ...
Why was the climate in the Maryland colony so warm?
This made it easier to grow crops year round but the warmer temperatures made it easier for disease to spread.
What were the natural resources of the Maryland colony?
Natural resources in the Maryland Colony included forests, fish, and good farming land. Plantations grew tobacco, cotton, corn, vegetables, grains, and fruit. Livestock was also commonly raised in the Maryland Colony.
How many acres were there in the original Maryland colony?
The original Maryland Colony encompassed a lot more land than it does today as the state of Maryland. It originally covered approximately 12 million acres. It is approximately half that today. Major cities in the Maryland Colony included Baltimore and Annapolis.
What did the plantations need to be self-sufficient?
Plantations often included everything they required to be self-sufficient including the main house, slave quarters, a laundry house, smokehouse, a dairy, a blacksmith's shop and several barns.
Who was the first Baron of Maryland?
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to Charles I for a royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. After Calvert died in April 1632, the charter for "Maryland Colony" was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632.
Who surveyed Maryland's northern boundary line with Pennsylvania?
Maryland's History in Time. From 1763 to 1767, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon surveyed Maryland's northern boundary line with Pennsylvania. In 1791, Maryland ceded land to form the District of Columbia. In 1814, during the British attempt to capture Baltimore, the bombardment of Fort McHenry inspired Francis Scott Key to write ...
What inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner?
In 1814, during the British attempt to capture Baltimore, the bombardment of Fort McHenry inspired Francis Scott Key to write the words to “The Star-Spangled Banner.”. During the Civil War, Maryland was a slave state but remained in the Union. Consequently, Marylanders fought on both sides and many families were divided.
How did Maryland feel about the war?
Maryland felt the naval impact of the War of 1812 as well as the physical impact of a foreign invasion. For much of the war, the British Navy blockaded America's ports up and down the coast, hurting towns such as Baltimore that depended on trade. Baltimoreans fought back in the small, fast ships local shipbuilders had designed, causing the British to brand Baltimore "a nest of pirates" and forbid direct confrontation with American ships. During the middle years of the war, Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn conducted raids on the Chesapeake Bay coast.
What happened to Calvert in 1638?
The right to initiate legislation passed to the assembly. In 1638, Calvert seized a trading post in Kent Island established by the Virginian William Claiborne. In 1644, Claiborne led an uprising of Maryland Protestants.
What is the Eastern Shore of Maryland?
Maryland's Eastern Shore and Western Shore embrace the Chesapeake Bay , and the many estuaries and rivers create one of the longest waterfronts of any state. The Bay produces more seafood—oysters, crabs, clams, fin fish—than any comparable body of water.
Why did the Puritans revolt?
Because Anglicanism had become the official religion in Virginia, a band of Puritans in 1642 left for Maryland; they founded Providence (now called Annapolis). In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. They set up a new government prohibiting both Catholicism and Anglicanism.
Where did the first colonists settle in Maryland?
The first colonists to Maryland arrive at St. Clement’s Island on Maryland’s western shore and found the settlement of St. Mary’s. In 1632, King Charles I of England granted a charter to George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, yielding him proprietary rights to a region east of the Potomac River in exchange for a share ...
Why was Maryland named after Charles I?
The territory was named Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria, the queen consort of Charles I. Before settlement began, George Calvert died and was succeeded by his son Cecilius, who sought to establish Maryland as a haven for Roman Catholics persecuted in England. In March 1634, the first English settlers–a carefully selected group ...
When did the European Economic Community start?
The EEC, which came into operation in January 1958, was a major step in Europe’s ...read more
Who was the first colonial king of Maryland?
Maryland's first colonial settlement. Main article: Province of Maryland. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), sought a charter from King Charles I for the territory between Massachusetts to the north and Virginia to the immediate south.
Why did Maryland join neighboring states?
Maryland joined with neighboring states during the end of the 20th century to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay. The bay's aquatic life and seafood industry have been threatened by development and by fertilizer and livestock waste entering the bay.
How much rain does Maryland get?
Nearly every part of Maryland receives 3.5–4.5 inches (89–114 mm) per month of rain. Average annual snowfall varies from 9 inches (23 cm) in the coastal areas to over 100 inches (250 cm) in the western mountains of the state.
Why is Maryland a climate?
Maryland has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to water, and protection from colder weather due to downslope winds .
What was the Industrial Revolution in Maryland?
After the Civil War, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. Since the 1940s, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated U.S. states. As of 2015.
How big is Maryland?
Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles ( 32,133.2 km 2) and is comparable in overall area with Belgium [11,787 square miles (30,530 km 2 )]. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii [10,930.98 square miles (28,311.1 km 2 )], the next smallest state.
What is the state of Maryland?
Maryland ( US: / ˈmɛrələnd / ( listen) MERR-ə-lənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. Baltimore is the largest city in the state and the capital is Annapolis.
Overview
Colonial Maryland
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to Charles I for a royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. After Calvert died in April 1632, the charter for "Maryland Colony" (in Latin Terra Mariae) was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. Some historians viewed this as compensation for his father having been stripped of his title of Secretary of State in 1625 after announcing his Roman Catholicism.
Precolonial history
It appears that the first humans in the area that would become Maryland arrived around the tenth millennium BC, about the time that the last ice age ended. They were hunter-gatherers organized into semi-nomadic bands. They adapted as the region's environment changed, developing the spear for hunting as smaller animals, like deer, became more prevalent. By about 1500 BC, oysters had become an important food resource in the region. With the increased variety of food sources, Native …
Early European exploration
In 1498 the first European explorers sailed along the Eastern Shore, off present-day Worcester County. In 1524 Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing under the French flag, passed the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. In 1608 John Smith entered the bay and explored it extensively. His maps have been preserved to today. Although technically crude, they are surprisingly accurate given the technology of those times (the maps are ornate but crude by modern technical standards).
The Revolutionary period
Maryland did not at first favor independence from Great Britain and gave instructions to that effect to its delegates to the Second Continental Congress. During this initial phase of the Revolutionary period, Maryland was governed by a series of conventions of the Assembly of Freemen. The first convention of the Assembly lasted four days, from June 22 to 25, 1774. All sixteen counties then existing were represented by a total of 92 members; Matthew Tilghman wa…
Maryland, 1789–1849
The American Revolution stimulated the domestic market for wheat and iron ore, and flour milling increased in Baltimore. Iron ore transport greatly boosted the local economy. By 1800 Baltimore had become one of the major cities of the new republic. The British naval blockade during the War of 1812 hurt Baltimore's shipping, but also freed merchants and traders from British debts, which along with the capture of British merchant vessels furthered the city's economic growth.
American Civil War
Maryland was a border state, straddling the North and South. As in Virginia and Delaware, some planters in Maryland had freed their slaves in the years after the Revolutionary War. By 1860 Maryland's free black population comprised 49.1% of the total of African Americans in the state.
After John Brown's raid in 1859 on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, some citizens in slaveholding areas began forming local militias for defense. Of the 1860 population of 687,000, about 60,000 men joi…
Maryland, 1865–1920
Since Maryland had remained in the Union during the Civil War, the state was not covered by the Reconstruction Act, as were states of the former Confederacy. After the war, many white Maryland residents struggled to re-establish white supremacy over freedmen and formerly free blacks, and racial tensions rose. There were deep divisions in the state between those who fought for the North and those who fought for the South.