The Galatian War was a war between the Galatian Gauls and the Roman Republic supported by their allies Pergamum in 189 BC. The war was fought in Galatia in central Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey. The Romans had just defeated the Seleucids in the Roman-Syrian War and had forced them to thereby sue for peace.
What were the Gallic Wars and why were they fought?
These conflicts were fought between 58 and 50 BC in the land the Romans called Gaul (and we call France). Here are six things to know about the Gallic Wars. 1. Caesar fought the wars to pay off his debts In the year 59 BC, Caesar served as consul, one of the highest positions in the Roman government.
What did Julius Caesar do in the Gallic Wars?
Gallic Wars ( (58–51 bc)) Campaigns in which the Romans, led by Caesar, conquered Gaul. By 57 bc, Caesar had subdued sw and n Gaul. In 56 bc, he conquered the Veneti, leaders of an anti-Roman confederation and, in 55–54 bc, he invaded Germany and Britain.
How long did the Gallic Wars last?
The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes. Rome's war against the Gallic tribes lasted from 58 BC to 50 BC and culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion...
What are some of the best books about the Gallic Wars?
Book References: Commentarii de Bello Gallico ( by Julius Caesar – translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn) / Caesar’s Gallic Wars 58-50 BC ( by C M Gilliver, K. M. Gilliver) And in case we have not attributed or mis-attributed any image, artwork or photograph, we apologize in advance.
Where were the Gallic wars fought?
GaulGermaniaRoman BritainGallic Wars/Locations
Who led the Gauls in the Gallic Wars?
Julius CaesarCaesar in Gaul Arriving in Gaul in 58 BC, Julius Caesar began a series of campaigns to pacify the region and bring it under Roman control. Over the next four years he systematically defeated several Gallic tribes and gained nominal control over the area.
What wars did Caesar fight in?
The military campaigns of Julius Caesar constituted both the Gallic Wars (58 BC–51 BC) and Caesar's civil war (49 BC–45 BC). The Gallic War mainly took place in what is now France.
How many battles were in the Gallic Wars?
The following is a list of the years, winners and losers of the major battles between Julius Caesar and the tribal leaders of Gaul. The eight battles include: Battle of Bibracte.
Who were the enemies of the Gauls?
Though the Gauls lived for centuries in much of Europe, most of what we know about them comes from their enemies, the Romans, who considered the Gauls living on the borders of their empire as savage antagonists.
Who killed the Celts?
The Celts were eventually defeated by Romans, Slavs and Huns. After the Roman conquest of most Celtic lands, Celtic culture was further trampled by Germanic tribes, Slavs and Huns during the Migration Period of roughly 300 to 600 A.C.
Are Gauls Celts?
Indeed, the Gaels, Gauls, Britons, Irish and Galatians were all Celtic tribes. The Galatians occupied much of the Asturias region of what is now northern Spain, and they successfully fought off attempted invasions by both the Romans and the Moors, the latter ruling much of present-day southern Spain.
Did Caesar lose a battle?
The war was a four-year-long politico-military struggle, fought in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Hispania. Pompey defeated Caesar in 48 BC at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, but was himself defeated decisively at the Battle of Pharsalus.
When did the Gallic Wars end?
58 BC – 51 BCGallic Wars / Period
Why was Julius Caesar assassinated?
Ongoing tensions between Caesar and the Senate, amid fears that he also planned to claim the title of king, overthrow the Senate and rule as a tyrant, were the principal motives for his assassination. Personal jealousies also came into play.
Who defeated the Gauls?
Gallic Wars, (58–50 bce), campaigns in which the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar conquered Gaul.
Who defeated Julius Caesar?
On the Ides of March (March 15, 44 B.C.), the senators, led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, stabbed Caesar 23 times, ending both his reign and his life as he fell bleeding onto the Senate floor at the feet of a statue of Pompey.
What caused the Gallic Wars?
The Gallic Wars were triggered by the Helvetii, a Gallic tribe that lived in modern Switzerland. They were coming under increasing pressure from the Germans in the north and east, and felt trapped with their backs to the Alps.
What's the difference between Gauls and Celts?
All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, whereas those who in their own language are called Celts and in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws.
Who are Gauls today?
Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy, and Germany west of the Rhine. It covered an area of 494,000 km2 (191,000 sq mi).
What country is Gaul today?
Gaul (Latin Gallia, French Gaule) is the name given by the Romans to the territories where the Celtic Gauls (Latin Galli, French Gaulois) lived, including present France, Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and the Po Valley, in present Italy.
Who started Gallic War?
The Gallic Wars were waged between 58 and 50 BC by the Roman general Julius Caesar against the peoples of Gaul (present-day France, Belgium, along with parts of Germany and the United Kingdom). Gallic, Germanic, and British tribes fought to defend their homelands against an aggressive Roman campaign.
Who defeated the Gauls?
Gallic Wars, (58–50 bce), campaigns in which the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar conquered Gaul.
Who conquered Gaul in the 500s?
Caesar's greatest military victory was the conquest of Gaul (France) in which 55,000 Romans battled 250,000 Celts in a campaign that lasted from 58 to 51 B.C. His account of the events — “Commentaries on the Gallic War” — is still regarded as a masterpiece. Modern historians have compared it to Churchill's work.
Did the Gauls defeat Rome?
The Gauls defeated the Romans at Faesulae, but later the Romans defeated the Gauls at Telamon. 223-193 BC: After this came a concerted Roman policy aimed at conquering Gallic territories south of the Alps. Rome invaded the territory of the Insubres in 223 BC, and took Clastidium, Acerrae and Mediolanum in 222 BC.
Who was the Roman leader who led the Gallic War?
Gallic Wars, (58–50 bce), campaigns in which the Roman proconsulJulius Caesarconquered Gaul. Clad in the bloodred cloak he usually wore “as his distinguishing mark of battle,” Caesar led his troops to victories throughout the province, his major triumph being the defeat of the Gallic army led by the chieftain Vercingetorix, in 52 bce. Caesar described these campaigns in De Bello Gallico(“On the Gallic War”).
Who was the chief of the Celtic tribe at the Battle of Alesia?
Learn about the Battle of Alesia, the decisive battle between Julius Caesar and the Celtic chief Vercingetorix
What was Caesar's major victory?
Clad in the bloodred cloak he usually wore “as his distinguishing mark of battle,” Caesar led his troops to victories throughout the province, his major triumph being the defeat of the Gallic army led by the chieftain Vercingetorix, in 52 bce. Caesar described these campaigns in De Bello Gallico (“On the Gallic War”).
Who was the first triumvirate?
Julius Caesar: The first triumvirate and the conquest of Gaul
When did Julius Caesar cross the Rhine?
when Julius Caesar’s Gallic Warsbrought the Romans into contact with Germanic as well as Celtic peoples. Caesar did cross the Rhine in 55 and 53 bc, but the river formed the eastern boundary of the province of Gaul, which he created, and most Germanic tribes lived beyond…
What were the Gallic Wars?from en.wikipedia.org
Gergovia (52 BC) Lutetia (52 BC) Alesia (52 BC) Uxellodunum (51 BC) The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against numerous Gallic tribes between 58 BC and 50 BC. They culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion ...
What was the role of the Gallic Wars in the Civil War?from en.wikipedia.org
The Gallic Wars were a key factor in Caesar's ability to win the Civil War and declare himself dictator, in what would eventually lead to the end of the Roman Republic and the establishment of the Roman Empire .
How many Helvetii were there?from en.wikipedia.org
Caesar claims that he could estimate the population of the Helvetii because in their camp there was a census, written in Greek on tablets, which would have showed 263,000 Helvetii and 105,000 allies, of whom exactly one quarter (92,000) were combatants. But Henige points out that such a census would have been difficult to achieve by the Gauls, that it would make no sense to be written in Greek by non-Greek tribes, and that carrying such a large quantity of stone or wood tablets on their migration would have been a monumental feat. Henige finds it oddly convenient that exactly one quarter were combatants, suggesting that the numbers were more likely exaggerated by Caesar than counted by census. Contemporary authors also estimated the population of the Helvetii and their allies was lower; Livy surmised that there were 157,000 overall (though Henige still believes this number is inaccurate). Hans Delbrück estimates that there were at most 20,000 migrating Helvetii, of whom 12,000 were warriors. Gilliver thinks there were no more than 50,000 Helvetii and allies.
How many cavalry did Caesar take?from en.wikipedia.org
New ships had been built over the winter, and Caesar now took five legions and 2,000 cavalry. He left the rest of his army in Gaul to keep order. Gilliver notes that Caesar took with him a good number of Gallic chiefs whom he considered untrustworthy so he could keep an eye on them, a further sign that he had not comprehensively conquered Gaul. A series of revolts there late in the year were proof of continued Gallic instability.
How did Caesar approach Britain in 54 BC?from en.wikipedia.org
Caesar's approach towards Britain in 54 BC was far more comprehensive and successful. New ships had been built over the winter, and Caesar now took five legions and 2,000 cavalry. He left the rest of his army in Gaul to keep order. Gilliver notes that Caesar took with him a good number of Gallic chiefs whom he considered untrustworthy so he could keep an eye on them, a further sign that he had not comprehensively conquered Gaul. A series of revolts there late in the year provided further evidence of Gallic instability.
What were the concerns of the Romans in 52 BC?from en.wikipedia.org
Gallic existential concerns came to a head in 52 BC and caused the widespread revolt the Romans had long feared. The campaigns of 53 BC had been particularly harsh, and the Gauls feared for their prosperity. Previously, they had not been united, which had made them easy to conquer. But this changed in 53 BC, when Caesar had effectively declared Gaul a Roman province. This was a subject of immense concern for the Gauls, who feared the Romans would destroy the Gallic holy land, which the Carnutes watched over. Each year the druids met there to mediate between the tribes on the lands considered the center of Gaul. A threat to their sacred lands was an issue that finally united the Gauls. Over the winter, the charismatic Arvenian, Vercingetorix, assembled a grand coalition of Gauls.
What was Caesar's plan for the Gallic tribes?from en.wikipedia.org
Many rightly predicted Caesar would seek to conquer all of Gaul, and some sought alliance with Rome. As the campaigning season of 57 BC dawned, both sides were busy recruiting new soldiers. Caesar set off with two more legions than the year before, with 32,000 to 40,000 men, along with a contingent of auxiliaries. The exact number of men the Gauls raised is unknown, but Caesar claims he would fight 200,000.
Gauls versus Gauls
Interestingly enough, while we see the Gallic Wars essentially as a mega conflict between the Romans and the Celts, at least two of Caesar’s initial five legions were composed of troops levied from the areas comprising Cisalpine Gaul, a Roman province that was not integrated into Roman Italy till 42 BC (that is eight years after the end of the Gallic Wars).
The Multifarious Scope of the Roman Army
In one of our previous articles about the Roman legionaries, we discussed how all Roman men aging between 17 and 46 were liable for military service – although the peak age for enlistment tended to be skewed towards the early 20s age group. And interestingly, each legionary had to claim his origo (origin) from a city or at least a town.
The Celtic Warrior
As we mentioned before, the Celts while being one of the warrior societies of ancient Europe, approached warfare as an intrinsic extension of their culture, as opposed to a systematic scope adopted by the Romans with logistical solutions.
The Superior Cavalry
Till now we had mostly talked about the general soldier (and warrior) types of the factions involved in the Gallic Wars.
The Contrast of Fighting Styles
Kate Gilliver in her co-authored book Caesar’s Gallic Wars 58-50 BC says – “Gallic and Roman fighting styles were the complete antitheses of each other.” So in essence, while the end goal pertained to a victory on the chosen battlefield by any means necessary, the approach to warfare in these two cultures was distinctly different from each other.
Brutus and His Grappling Hooks (circa 56 BC)
By 56 BC, after two major engagements against the Helvetii and the Nervii, the Romans had established their control (albeit precarious) over the eastern parts of the Gaulish lands.
The Invasions of Britain (circa 55 – 54 BC)
By 55 BC, the Romans had managed to subjugate many Gallic tribes, including the factions of Aquitania (south-west France) as a result of victories under Publius Crassus, the son of Marcus Licinius Crassus and a noted cavalry commander of his day (who led as a junior officer under Caesar, much like Brutus).
Gallic Wars
Gallic Wars ( (58–51 bc)) Campaigns in which the Romans, led by Caesar, conquered Gaul. By 57 bc, Caesar had subdued sw and n Gaul. In 56 bc, he conquered the Veneti, leaders of an anti-Roman confederation and, in 55–54 bc, he invaded Germany and Britain. He defeated a united Gallic revolt in 52 bc.
Gallic Wars
Gallic Wars Julius Caesar 's campaigns 58–51 bc, which established Roman control over Gaul north of the Alps and west of the River Rhine (Transalpine Gaul ). During this period Caesar twice invaded Britain (55 and 54 bc). Largely disunited, the Gauls combined in 53–52 bc under the chieftain Vercingetorix (d. c. 46 bc) but were eventually defeated.
Who was the Roman leader who conquered the Gallic tribes?
Caesar in Gaul. Arriving in Gaul in 58 BC, Julius Caesar began a series of campaigns to pacify the region and bring it under Roman control. Over the next four years he systematically defeated several Gallic tribes and gained nominal control over the area.
Who was the leader of the Gallic army that defeated Caesar?
In the course of the siege, Caesar defeated a Gallic relief army led by Commius and Vercassivellaunus while also preventing Vercingetorix from breaking out of Alesia. Trapped, the Gallic leader surrendered effectively ceding control of Gaul to Rome.
What did Caesar do in 52 BC?
This saw Vercingetorix of the Averni work to draw the tribes together and begin to centralize power. In 52 BC, the Gallic leaders met at Bibracte and declared that Vercingetorix would lead the united Gallic army. Launching a wave of violence across Gaul, Roman soldiers, settlers, and merchants were killed in large numbers. Initially unaware of the violence, Caesar learned of it while in winter quarters in Cisalpine Gaul. Mobilizing his army, Caesar moved across the snow-covered Alps to strike at the Gauls.
How did Cicero inform Caesar of his plight?
Slipping a messenger through the lines, Cicero was able to inform Caesar of his plight. Departing his base at Samarobriva, Caesar marched hard with two legions and succeeded in rescuing his comrade's men. His victory proved short-lived as the Senones and Treveri soon elected to rebel. Raising two legions, Caesar was able to gain a third from Pompey. Now commanding ten legions, he quickly struck the Nervii and brought them to heel before shifting west and compelling the Sernones and Carnutes to sue for peace (Map).
How did Caesar defeat the Gauls?
After winning a series of minor victories, Caesar was defeated by the Gauls at Gergovia when his men failed to execute his battle plan. This saw his men execute a direct assault against the town when he had desired them to conduct a false retreat to lure Vercingetorix off a nearby hill.
What was Caesar's position in Alesia?
Situated on a hill and surrounded by river valleys, Alesia offered a strong defensive position. Arriving with his army, Caesar declined to launch a frontal assault and instead decided to lay siege to the town. As the entirety of Vercingetorix's army was within the walls along with the town's population, Caesar expected the siege to be brief. To ensure that Alesia was fully cut off from aid, he ordered his men to construct and encircling set of fortifications known as a circumvallation. Featuring an elaborate set of walls, ditches, watchtowers, and traps, the circumvallation ran approximately eleven miles (Map).
Where did Vercingetorix withdraw from?
Not believing the time was right to risk battle with Caesar, Vercingetorix withdrew to the walled Mandubii town of Alesia (Map).
Who wrote the Gallic Wars?
One of the most important historical sources for the Gallic Wars is the Commentari de Bello Gallico, or Commentary on the Gallic Wars, written by Julius Caesar himself.
What was Julius Caesar's role in the Gallic Wars?
Caesar had to earn their loyalty, though, and he earned his reputation as a brilliant commander in the Gallic Wars. These conflicts were fought between 58 and 50 BC in the land the Romans called Gaul (and we call France). Here are six things to know about the Gallic Wars.
Why didn't Caesar declare war?
Caesar could not declare war just yet because the Suebi king Ariovistus was technically a Roman ally, but repeated harassment of the Gallic tribes gave Caesar the justification he needed to declare war. By the end of the year 58 BC, Caesar had defeated Ariovistus.
What was the name of the Romans who attacked Caesar?
In 54 BC, the Eburones tribe under king Ambiorix revolted against Caesar’s rule, slaughtering thousands of Romans at the fortress of Atuatuca. The Romans responded by attacking Ambiorix’s allies and isolated the Eburones until the rebellion fizzled out. This, however, was only the precursor to a much larger rebellion. Vercingetorix, king of the Averni tribe, had been making alliances with other tribes for a while now, and in 52 BC, Vercingetorix and his united tribes rebelled against Rome. The Romans chased the Gauls throughout Gaul until Vercingetorix holed up in the fortified city of Alesia, which Caesar could not take. On top of that, Vercingetorix summoned his Gallic allies to attack the Romans who were stationed outside Alesia. The Romans were able to defend themselves from Gallic attacks within and without the city until Vercingetorix surrendered. There were more campaigns to wipe out the last elements of resistance, but Caesar had successfully conquered Gaul for Rome.
Why did Caesar fortify the Rhone River?
When Caesar learned that a Gallic tribe called the Helvetii were planning on migrating through Transalpine Gaul, he started to fortify the Rhone River to stall their movement. The Helvetii were denied the right to cross, so they doubled back to find a different route, all the while raiding and plundering other Gauls.
What was Caesar's campaign against the Veneti tribe?
Back in 56 BC, Caesar started a new campaign against the Veneti tribe, which had taken Roman hostages and threatened to kill them unless the Romans sent them food. The Romans were victorious after a long campaign on sea and land. Afterwards Caesar started two controversial campaigns: one across the Rhine River in what the Romans called Germania, and one across the English Channel in what the Romans called Britannia. Neither campaign yielded much fruit, but the fact that Caesar had crossed into the “barbarian” lands of Britain and Germany left an impression on the minds of many Romans.
Why did Caesar fight the wars?
Caesar fought the wars to pay off his debts. In the year 59 BC, Caesar served as consul, one of the highest positions in the Roman government. In Roman politics, you won votes through bribery, and Caesar spent so much money that by the end of his consulship he was riddled with debts.
What was the importance of the Gallic Wars?
It brought a vast, wealthy region under Roman control and helped elevate the political and military power of Julius Caesar. Caesar’s Gallic Wars were well documented in antiquity. The most important record was written by Julius Caesar himself, for political and propaganda purposes.
When did Caesar's Gallic Wars begin?
58 BC : Caesar’s Gallic Wars Begin. Gold Aureus of Julius Caesar with a woman and Gallic Trophies, 48-47 BC, via the British Museum, London. Julius Caesar saw in the migration of the Helvetians an opportunity that was too good to ignore.
What tribes were in Transalpine Gaul?
As governor of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar soon found himself approached by envoys from the Helvetian tribe which disrupted his plans. The Helvetians were a Gallic tribal confederation on the Swiss plateau. Under increasing pressure from the Germanic tribes to their North and East, the Helvetians planned a mass migration which would take them through Transalpine Gaul and the territory of the Aedui, a tribe allied to Rome. It was feared that the Helvetian migration would plunge Gaul into chaos and that the warlike Germanic tribes would move into the vacant Helvetian lands. As such, Caesar denied the Helvetian’s request to pass through Transalpine Gaul. The Helvetians, therefore, turned to the north avoiding Roman territory entirely; seemingly resolving the crisis.
Why did Julius Caesar take prisoners?
The Romans laid waste to fields, burned homes, drove off cattle, and took many Gauls as prisoners to ensure the continued good behavior of their families. It was at this time that Caesar crossed into Germania for a second time to dissuade the Germans from aiding the Eburones. When the Senate in Rome heard what had happened, Caesar faced severe criticism. Therefore, he swore to destroy the Belgic tribes.
What was the role of Caesar in the Gallic Wars?
It brought a vast, wealthy region under Roman control and helped elevate the political and military power of Julius Caesar.
How many legions did Caesar have?
To this end, he had four veteran legions under his command: Legio VII, Legio VIII, Legio IX, and Legio X. However, when the governor of Transalpine Gaul died suddenly, Caesar was awarded the governorship of this province as well.
Why did Caesar build a new camp closer to Ariovistus' army?
In response, Caesar built a new camp closer to Ariovistus’ army in order to entice the Suebians into giving battle. Ariovistus launched an attack on Caesar’s camp but was repulsed. The next morning both armies assembled once again to give battle.
Where did Caesar go to get allies?
When Caesar heard about the alliance, he realized it was a threat, so he left Italy and set out for Transalpine Gaul, a Roman province since 121 B.C., but he didn't have his regular army, although he did have some German cavalry and troops he had in Cisalpine Gaul. He had to figure out how to reach the main forces without putting them in danger. Meanwhile, Vercingetorix' ambassador, Lucterius, continued to gain allies. He added the Nitiobriges and Gabali and then headed to Narbo, which was in the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, so Caesar headed to Narbo, which made Lucterius retreat. Caesar changed his direction and advanced into the territory of the Helvii, then on to the borders of the Arverni. Vercingetorix marched his troops there in order to defend his people. Caesar, no longer able to do without the rest of his forces, left Brutus in command while he went to Vienna where his cavalry was stationed. Next stop was the Aedui, one of Rome's main allies in Gaul, and where two of Caesar's legions were wintering. From there, Caesar sent word to the other legions of the danger presented by Vercingetorix, ordering them to come to his assistance ASAP.
Why would Vercingetorix destroy allied towns?
Because of this, allied towns that weren't potential enemies at one's back might still be destroyed to make sure the enemy army starved or retreated. This is what Vercingetorix would soon develop as one of his main policies.
How many legions did Caesar give to the Senones?
Caesar split his army and gave Labienus 4 legions to lead north, towards the Senones and Parisii while he led 6 legions into Arverni country towards Gergovia, which was on the banks of the Allier. Vercingetorix broke down all bridges over the river, but this proved only a temporary set-back for the Romans.
What book is Vercingetorix in?
Vercingetorix and Caesar are the main figures in Book VII of De Bello Gallico, Caesar's narrative about his wars in Gaul, although the Roman allies, the Aedui, also play a large role. This period of revolt follows the earlier Gallic battles at Bibracte, Vosges, and Sabis. By the end of Book VII Caesar has put down the Gallic revolt.
What did Caesar do to the Boii?
Caesar sent ahead messages to the Boii to encourage them to resist. Heading towards the Boii, Caesar left two legions at Agendicum. En route, at the Senones' town of Vellaunodunum, Caesar decided to attack so there wouldn't be an enemy on his heels. He also figured he would take the opportunity to gain provisions for his troops.
What did Vercingetorix do to ensure loyalty?
Vercingetorix had used the Roman system of demanding hostages to ensure loyalty and ordered a levy of troops from each of these groups. He then took supreme command. He tried to ally the Biturgies, but they resisted and sent ambassadors to the Aedui for help against Vercingetorix.
How long did Caesar besieged the city of Vercingetorix?
Caesar besieged the town for 27 days building towers and walls while the Gauls built countering devices. The Romans finally had success with a sudden attack, which frightened many of the Gauls into flight. And so, the Romans entered the town and massacred the inhabitants. About 800 in Caesar's reckoning escaped to reach Vercingetorix. Caesar's troops found ample provisions, and by this time winter was almost over.
Introduction – A Clash of Cultures
The Armies of The Opposing Forces in The Gallic Wars
Major conflicts on the Italian side of the Alps include:
390 BC: Brennus leads the Senones to Clusium in Etruria. Rome sends an army to drive the Senones away, which the Senones defeat at the Battle of the Allia. Brennus leads his men on to besiege Rome.
302 BC: Gauls cross the Alps into Transalpine Gaul, where Gallic tribes allow them to pass south…
The Chronology of Events and Tactics Involved in The Gallic Wars
Conclusion – The Slavery Factor
- Fought between the Roman Republic and several Gallic tribes (mostly from areas constituting present-day France and Belgium), the Gallic Wars from 58-50 BC for all intents and purposes alluded to the clash of cultures. To that end, the Roman army of the 1st century BC was a disciplined force with its veritable command structure and military organiza...