In theory, the Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Afri…
Pope
The pope, also known as the supreme pontiff, is the bishop of Rome and ex officio leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. Since 1929, the pope has also been head of state of Vatican City, a city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2…
What was the result of the Treaty of versallies?
The Treaty of Versailles was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. It was signed on June 28, 1919, by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles and went into effect on January 10, 1920. The treaty gave some German territories to neighbouring countries and placed other German territories under international supervision.
What did Treaty of Paris of 1783 say?
The Treaty of Paris, signed on 3 September 1783, concluded the American Revolution and established a boundary between the newly-independent American colonies and remaining British territories in North America.
What lands did Magellan claim for Spain?
The Philippines were claimed in the name of Spain in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for Spain, who named the islands after King Philip II of Spain. They were then called Las Felipinas. Why did Magellan come to the Philippines?
What does the Treaty do?
Treaties are roughly analogous to contracts in that they establish the rights and binding obligations of the parties. They vary significantly in form, substance, and complexity and govern a wide variety of matters, such as territorial boundaries, trade and commerce, and mutual defense.
What did Portugal get in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of ...
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas and what was its outcome?
The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas permitted the kings of Portugal and Spain to expand their empires but avoid direct competition by not colonising exactly the same areas.
Which country benefited the most from the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spain gained the most from the Treaty of Tordesillas, with all of North America and nearly all of South America being given to it. This was the treaty's intended effect; Pope Alexander VI was Spanish by birth and wanted to ensure his home country maintained the lion's share of newly discovered land.
Why did Portugal agree to the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World. The early 1400s brought about great advances in European exploration. In order make trade more efficient, Portugal attempted to find a direct water route to the India and China.
What impact did the Treaty of Tordesillas have?
The Treaty of Tordesillas was ratified by the Crown of Castile and the King of Portugal in 1494. The treaty divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe into two equal halves, the east side belonging to Portugal, and the west to Castile (later to become part of Spain).
What was the long term impact of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Answer and Explanation: The long-term consequences were territorial, linguistic, and cultural. The lands explored by Portugal, primarily the current nation of Brazil, were ruled by Portuguese colonists. Therefore, the language of Brazil became Portuguese and the country was influenced by Portuguese culture.
Who did the Treaty of Tordesillas benefit more Spain or Portugal?
Answer and Explanation: The Treaty of Tordesillas was far more beneficial to Spain than Portugal, at least in terms of the rights to new territories that the treaty granted.
What were the effects of the Treaty of Tordesillas quizlet?
the treaty set a line of demarcation which divided the non-European world into two zones, Spanish in the west and Portugal in the east. Spain benefited because they claimed most of the Americas which would be crucial later in colonial development.
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas prevent war between Spain and Portugal?
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas prevent war between Spain and Portugal? Spain and Portugal agreed to allow the pope to divide their land claims. A Line of Demarcation was set, dividing their claims in the Americas.
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas give Spain?
But John II protested and began negotiations leading to the celebrated Treaty of Tordesillas (June 1494), which gave to Spain all lands west of a line 370 leagues to the west of the Cape Verde Islands. This line, however, reserved Brazil (still apparently unknown) for Portugal.
Which Pope divided the world?
Pope Alexander VIOn June 7, 1494, Pope Alexander VI divided the world in half, bestowing the western portion on Spain, and the eastern on Portugal.
What separates Spain and Portugal?
The Guadiana RiverThe Guadiana River is the border between Portugal and Spain | NASA.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas quizlet?
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? 1494 treaty where Spain and Portugal agreed to divide lands in the Western hemisphere between them and move the Line of Demarcation to the WEST.
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas prevent war between Spain and Portugal?
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas prevent war between Spain and Portugal? Spain and Portugal agreed to allow the pope to divide their land claims. A Line of Demarcation was set, dividing their claims in the Americas.
How was the new world divided between Spain and Portugal?
Line of Demarcation divides the New World between Spain and Portugal - JURIST. On May 4, 1493, Pope Alexander VI promulgated the Line of Demarcation, dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal in response the return of Christopher Columbus from his discovery of the American continents.
When did the Pope divided the world?
June 7, 1494On June 7, 1494, Pope Alexander VI divided the world in half, bestowing the western portion on Spain, and the eastern on Portugal.
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
In theory, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. The treaty amended papal bulls issued...
How did the other European powers respond to the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
After Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, the other countries of Europe did not obey its terms. They instead pursued th...
How long did the Treaty of Tordesillas last?
When it was signed in 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas was to “continue in force and remain firm, stable, and valid forever and ever.” But the succe...
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The treaty stipulated that any lands with a “ Christian king” would not be colonized. Of course, by that time, Christianity had not spread broadly in the Americas.
What was the name of the treaty between Spain and Portugal?
On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created. The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “ New World ” of the Americas between the two superpowers. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line ...
Which country expanded the borders of Brazil?
This is because the eastern tip of Brazil falls east of the line of demarcation settled upon in the Treaty of Tordesillas, and was where the majority of Portuguese colonization occurred. The borders of modern Brazil have expanded since the 1506 expansion of the Treaty of Tordesillas. Spain and Portugal were the only signatories ...
What civilizations were affected by the conquest of the Americas?
The resulting conquest and colonization proved disastrous for civilizations, such as the Inca, Taino, and Aztec, along with thousands of other communities throughout the Americas. adhere. Verb.
Did the Treaty of Tordesillas take into account future claims?
The treaty did not consider any future claims made by the British, French, and other European superpowers of their respective times. The British, French, and Dutch Empires did not claim parts of the Americas until years after the Treaty of Tordesillas. More significantly, however, the Treaty of Tordesillas completely ignored the millions ...
Where was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly-discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire ( Crown of Castile ), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.
Why did Christopher Columbus write the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The Treaty of Tordesillas was intended to solve the dispute that arose following the return of Christopher Columbus and his crew, who had sailed under the Crown of Castile. On his way back to Spain he first stopped at Lisbon, where he requested another meeting with King John II to prove to him that there were more islands to the southwest of the Canary Islands.
How was the line of demarcation determined in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The Treaty of Tordesillas only specified the line of demarcation in leagues from the Cape Verde Islands. It did not specify the line in degrees, nor did it identify the specific island or the specific length of its league. Instead, the treaty stated that these matters were to be settled by a joint voyage, which never occurred. The number of degrees can be determined via a ratio of marine leagues to degrees applied to the earth regardless of its assumed size, or via a specific marine league applied to the true size of the earth, called "our sphere" by historian Henry Harrisse.
What was the 1494 treaty between Spain and Portugal?
For the treaty signed in 1524, see Treaty of Tordesillas (1524). 1494 treaty dividing the unclaimed world between Spanish and Portuguese sovereignty. Treaty of Tordesillas.
How did the Treaty of Saragossa differ from the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The Treaty of Saragossa did not modify or clarify the line of demarcation in the Treaty of Tordesillas, nor did it validate Spain's claim to equal hemispheres (180° each), so the two lines divided the earth into unequal hemispheres. Portugal's portion was roughly 191° whereas Spain's portion was roughly 169°. Both portions have a large uncertainty of ±4° because of the wide variation in the opinions regarding the location of the Tordesillas line.
What did the Portuguese King do after Columbus' discovery?
The Portuguese king also stated that he was already making arrangements for a fleet (an armada led by Francisco de Almeida) to depart shortly and take possession of the new lands . After reading the letter the Catholic Monarchs knew they did not have any military power in the Atlantic to match the Portuguese, so they pursued a diplomatic way out. On 4 May 1493 Pope Alexander VI ( Rodrigo Borgia ), an Aragonese from Valencia by birth, decreed in the bull Inter caetera that all lands west of a pole-to-pole line 100 leagues west of any of the islands of the Azores or the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Castile, although territory under Christian rule as of Christmas 1492 would remain untouched. The bull did not mention Portugal or its lands, so Portugal could not claim newly discovered lands even if they were east of the line. Another bull, Dudum siquidem, entitled Extension of the Apostolic Grant and Donation of the Indies and dated 25 September 1493, gave all mainlands and islands, "at one time or even still belonging to India" to Spain, even if east of the line.
How did the Treaty of Malacca affect colonization?
However, it quickly became obsolete in North America, and later in Asia and Africa, where it affected colonization. It was ignored by other European nations, and with the decline of Spanish and Portuguese power, the home countries were unable to hold many of their claims, much less expand them into poorly explored areas. Thus, with sufficient backing, it became possible for any European state to colonize open territories , or those weakly held by Lisbon or Madrid. With the fall of Malacca to the Dutch, the VOC ( Dutch East India Company) took control of Portuguese possessions in Indonesia, claiming Western New Guinea and Western Australia, as New Holland. Eastern Australia remained in the Spanish half of the world until claimed for Britain by James Cook in 1770. That said, "the current border between Western Australia on the one hand, and South Australia and the Northern Territory on the other hand (originally the western border of New South Wales, 1788) is still based on the Tordesillas line [...] rather than on Australian Aboriginal tribal boundaries". : 193–194
When was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
The Treaty of Tordesillas was sign by Spain on June 2, 1494 in the city of Tordesillas, Spain.
What did the Treaty of Alcacovas mean?
This aggravated the King, therefore he drafted a letter to the catholic Monarchs claiming that the treaty of Alcacovas signed in 1479 gave Portugal the right to all lands found on the south of Canary Island. This meant the land did not belong to the Castle of Castile.
Why did the Treaty of Zaragoza happen?
The main reason for the treaty was to ensure a newly discovered land outside Europe was divided in a rational and peaceful manner between the Portuguese Empire and the Crown of Castile. This land was divided along the meridian 370 league that is located on the west side of Cape Verde Island. The Portuguese Empire occupied the east region while the people of Castile occupied the west. Another treaty known as the Zaragoza emerged in the year 1529 between the outside worlds that indicated the antemeridian to the position of separation.
What was the main aim of the Treaty of Chile?
Contrary to ancient claims, the modern claims states that this treaty cited by Chile was formed with the main aim of protecting the principle of an Antarctic sector.
Why did the agreement not satisfy the King?
However, the agreement did not satisfy the King because it gave him little land than he had wanted. In as much as they could not go to war over the matter, disputes arouse upon the mention of India which was part of the discovered land.
Who ruled that Portugal could not claim the land?
In May 1493, Pope Alexander ruled that any land found between poles 100 leagues that is located west of Cape Verde all belonged to the Castle. Furthermore, since Portugal was not mentioned, they could not claim the land. However, the agreement did not satisfy the King because it gave him little land than he had wanted.
Which empire occupied the east region while the people of Castile occupied the west?
The Portuguese Empire occupied the east region while the people of Castile occupied the west. Another treaty known as the Zaragoza emerged in the year 1529 between the outside worlds that indicated the antemeridian to the position of separation.
Which countries kept to their sides of the Tordesillas?
While it would be several hundred years before the line of the Treaty of Tordesillas could be accurately determined (due to problems determining longitude), Portugal and Spain kept to their sides of the line quite well. Portugal ended up colonizing places like Brazil in South America and India and Macau in Asia.
Who gave Spain a head start?
Updated October 17, 2018. Just months after Christopher Columbus returned to Europe from his maiden voyage to the New World, the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI gave Spain a head-start in the quest for domination over newly discovered regions of the world.
When did Portugal and Spain reconcile?
Portugal and Spain ignored an order from the Pope in enacting their treaty, but all was reconciled when Pope Julius II agreed to the change in 1506.
Which country did the Pope decree that all lands discovered west of a meridian 100 leagues belong to?
The Lands of Spain. The Pope decreed that all lands discovered west of a meridian 100 leagues (one league is 3 miles or 4.8 km) west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Spain while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal. This papal bull also specified that all lands already under the control ...
Who negotiated to move the line to the west?
Negotiating to Move the Line to the West. This limiting line made Portugal angry. King John II (the nephew of Prince Henry the Navigator) negotiated with King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to move the line to the west.
What was the new line between Spain and Portugal?
The New Line. On June 7, 1494, Spain and Portugal met at Tordesillas, Spain and signed a treaty to move the line 270 leagues west, to 370 leagues west of Cape Verde. This new line (located at approximately 46° 37') gave Portugal more claim to South America yet also provided Portugal with automatic control over most of the Indian Ocean.
Overview
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. That line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape …
Signing and enforcement
The Treaty of Tordesillas was intended to solve the dispute that arose following the return of Christopher Columbus and his crew, who had sailed under the Crown of Castile. On his way back to Spain he first stopped at Lisbon, where he requested another meeting with King John II to prove to him that there were more islands to the southwest of the Canary Islands.
Tordesillas meridian
The Treaty of Tordesillas only specified the line of demarcation in leagues from the Cape Verde Islands. It did not specify the line in degrees, nor did it identify the specific island or the specific length of its league. Instead, the treaty stated that these matters were to be settled by a joint voyage, which never occurred. The number of degrees can be determined via a ratio of marine leagues to de…
Antimeridian: Moluccas and Treaty of Zaragoza
Initially, the line of demarcation did not encircle the earth. Instead, Spain and Portugal could conquer any new lands they were the first to discover, Spain to the west and Portugal to the east, even if they passed each other on the other side of the globe. But Portugal's discovery of the highly valued Moluccas in 1512 caused Spain to argue in 1518 that the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the earth i…
Effect on other European powers
The treaty was important in dividing Latin America, as well as establishing Spain in the western Pacific. However, it quickly became obsolete in North America, and later in Asia and Africa, where it affected colonization. It was ignored by other European nations, and with the decline of Spanish and Portuguese power, the home countries were unable to hold many of their claims, much less expand them into poorly explored areas. Thus, with sufficient backing, it became possible for an…
Treaty of Madrid
On January 13, 1750, King John V of Portugal and Ferdinand VI of Spain signed the Treaty of Madrid, in which both parties sought to establish the borders between Brazil and Spanish America, admitting that the Treaty of Tordesillas, as it had been envisioned in 1494 had been superseded, and was considered void. Spain was acknowledged sovereignty over the Philippines, while Portugal would get the territory of the Amazon River basin. Portugal would relinquish the co…
Modern claims
The Treaty of Tordesillas was invoked by Chile in the 20th century to defend the principle of an Antarctic sector extending along a meridian to the South Pole, as well as the assertion that the treaty made Spanish (or Portuguese) all undiscovered land south to the Pole.
Indonesia took possession of Netherlands New Guinea in 1962, supporting its claim by stating the Empire of Majapahit had included western New Guinea, and that it was part of the Treaty of Tord…
See also
• Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
• History of Portugal (1415–1578)
• List of treaties