who invented music concrete

Who invented concrete?

Another person who has been credited with inventing concrete is Joseph Aspdin. Aspdin was an English bricklayer who patented a process for making Portland cement in 1824. This type of cement is made from a mix of limestone and clay, and it was stronger and more durable than any concrete that had come before.

What does musique concrète mean in French?

Musique concrète. Musique concrète (French pronunciation: ​[myzik kɔ̃.kʁɛt], meaning "concrete music") is a type of music composition that utilizes recorded sounds as raw material (Editors 1998).

Was Schaeffer the composer who invented musique concrète?

Today, journalistic shorthand tends to reduce Schaeffer to ‘the composer who invented musique concrète ’. But he practically ceased producing works after 1960 and his collected oeuvre barely stretches to more than three CDs.

What is ‘concrète’ music?

Pierre Schaeffer. (Image credit: Laszlo Ruszka / INA via Getty Images) The term ‘concrète’ music was coined in the 1940s by Paris-based engineer, composer and sonic experimentalist Pierre Schaeffer.

Why was musique concrète created?

The theoretical basis of musique concrète as a compositional practice was developed by French composer Pierre Schaeffer beginning in the early 1940s. It was largely an attempt to differentiate between music based on the abstract medium of notation and that created using so-called sound objects (l'objet sonore).

What is concrete music?

: a recorded montage of natural sounds often electronically modified and presented as a musical composition.

How is music concrete produced?

Musique concrète (meaning “concrete music”) is a genre of electroacoustic music that is made in part from acousmatic sound. It can feature sounds derived from recordings of musical instruments, voice, and the natural environment as well as those created using synthesizers and computer-based digital signal processing.

What is Pierre Schaeffer famous for?

Schaeffer is generally acknowledged as being the first composer to make music using magnetic tape. His continued experimentation led him to publish À la Recherche d'une Musique Concrète (French for "In Search of a Concrete Music") in 1952, which was a summation of his working methods up to that point.

What song of the Beatles used musique concrète?

Revolution 9Revolution 9"Revolution 9"Composition by the BeatlesStudioEMI, LondonGenreSound collage experimental avant-garde musique concrète psychedelia surrealist musicLength8:2210 more rows

What is the difference between music concrete and electroacoustic music?

Electroacoustic music is a type of music that originated in the late 1940s, and early 1950s. Originally, there were two groups of composers who were at strict odds with each other. In Paris, Musique Concrete, pioneered by Pierre Schaeffer, was based on the juxtaposition of natural sounds recorded to tape or disc.

What is musique concrète quizlet?

Musique Concrete. Non-traditional sounds with traditional sound and manipulating them.

How do you make electronic music with musique concrète?

3:226:09Musique Concrete - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipNow add all these bits together on a tape recorder play some of them backwards some of them forwardMoreNow add all these bits together on a tape recorder play some of them backwards some of them forward some of the wrong speed. And this is what you end up.

Who experimented with electronic music and musique concrète he is a composer from Germany?

EXPERIMENTS. Early in his career, Stockhausen dabbled in “musique concrete”, recording everyday sounds, distorting them electronically and joining them together to form a composition.

Where did musique concrète developed?

musique concrète, (French: “concrete music”), experimental technique of musical composition using recorded sounds as raw material. The technique was developed about 1948 by the French composer Pierre Schaeffer and his associates at the Studio d'Essai (“Experimental Studio”) of the French radio system.

How do you pronounce Pierre Schaeffer?

0:040:30How to Pronunce Schaeffer in French - Voxifier.com - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSchaefer Shaffer Shaffer this is the French pronunciation of the name.MoreSchaefer Shaffer Shaffer this is the French pronunciation of the name.

What techniques did Pierre use to manipulate the sound?

Slowing the recordings down to half-speed, repeating them in a loop, rearranging their fragments at odd angles — all these techniques showed promise at isolating what Schaeffer called the “in-itself-ness of the sound”.

What is an example of concrete music?

Compositions in musique concrète include Symphonie pour un homme seul (1950; Symphony for One Man Only) by Schaeffer and Pierre Henry and Déserts (1954; for tape and instruments) and Poème électronique (performed by 400 loudspeakers at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair), both by the French-American composer Edgard Varèse.

What is musique concrète quizlet?

Musique Concrete. Non-traditional sounds with traditional sound and manipulating them.

What is the purpose of minimalist music?

The musical style known as minimalism emphasizes repetition, shifting rhythmic patterns, and composition concepts that extend beyond traditional classical music.

What it is also known as aleatory music?

aleatory music, also called chance music, (aleatory from Latin alea, “dice”), 20th-century music in which chance or indeterminate elements are left for the performer to realize.

Who is the composer of Musique concrète?

This sonic experimentalism, born in 1940s Paris and Cairo, left a lasting legacy on modern music. Pierre Schaeffer.

What is musique concrète?

Defined as music created using recorded sound as source material (ie ‘concrete’ sound sources rather than musical instruments), musique concrète grew out of an experimental environment as recording equipment slowly became more commonplace. Until the 19th century, all music had been created by acoustic instruments or voices.

When were electronic instruments invented?

The very first electrical and electronic instruments were invented in the late 19th/early 20th century, but it wasn’t until the ’50s that instruments like organs, electric guitars and synthesisers really began to dominate music.

Who was the Egyptian composer who used a magnetic wire recorder to record sounds?

In Cairo, Egyptian composer Halim El-Dabh was carrying out similar experiments, using a magnetic wire recorder along with echo effects to record sounds and create soundscapes. El-Dabh moved to the US in 1950, going on to have a long and influential career as a composer and academic. His 1944 Expression Of Zaar is a fascinating Arabic counterpoint to Schaeffer’s European-influenced work.

Who was the noise music of the 20th century?

There were various ideologies (some of which we’ll return to later in this series), from the noise music of Italian futurist Luigi Russolo, to the serialist movement and avant-garde expressionism of Arnold Schoenberg.

Can you incorporate similar techniques in your own music?

You can incorporate similar techniques in your own music relatively easily but perhaps the bigger lesson to be learned here is how we can rethink our approach to music and push the boundaries of emerging technology.

Is a turntable a good sound source?

Pretty commonplace by modern standards but just as relevant, turntables are an obvious sound source for manipulation of recordings. The more control you have over the playback, the better. Look for adjustable pitch control as a minimum, possibly with a reverse playback option. Dig through charity shops for weird records to use as source material; sound effects/unconventional recordings are much better than music recordings.

Who invented musique concrète?

Today, journalistic shorthand tends to reduce Schaeffer to ‘the composer who invented musique concrète ’. But he practically ceased producing works after 1960 and his collected oeuvre barely stretches to more than three CDs. In France, Schaeffer was better known as a linguistic and communications theorist, author, novelist, media pundit, administrator of the GRM (Groupe de Recherches Musicales, inaugurated in 1958) as well as a departmental head within France’s national broadcasting corporation. All these roles, while informed by his early musical experiments, would ultimately supersede them. And he was far from an unapologetic proselyte for this new music. Many of his pieces were given quasi-‘classical’ titles – part-satire, part-homage ( étude, symphonie, etc) – and by the time he died in 1995, he had renounced his entire musical output, singing instead the praises of Bach and Beethoven.

Why did Schaeffer coin the term "Musique concrète"?

On 15 May 1948, he announces: ‘I have coined the term musique concrète for this commitment to compose with materials taken from ‘given’ experimental sound in order to emphasize our dependence, no longer on preconceived sound abstractions, but on sound fragments that exist in reality and that are considered as discrete and complete sound objects …’ The objet sonore (sound object) – a fragment on tape or shellac – allowed him to analyze and transform sounds at a magnification never before possible, and Schaeffer talks of vivisecting the atoms of sound to fuse unheard audio elements.

When was the first recorded sound invented?

Recorded sound was first imagined as long ago as 1552. In the fourth book of François Rabelais’ Gargantua and Pantagruel, there’s a tale about crossing the Frozen Sea where, the previous winter, there had been a battle between two warring tribes. The noise of combat had turned to ice but, as the sea unfroze, so too did the sounds, pouring forth in a torrent of war cries, whinnying horses and clashing weapons. This ‘cryosonic’ notion of sound as a solid, retrievable object appealed so much to Pierre Schaeffer that, in 1952, he created a piece called Les paroles dégelées (Thawed Words), in which he altered the timbre of a voice reading Rabelais’ work aloud by various tape manipulation techniques – a process he had already dubbed musique concrète.

What was the purpose of the French composer?

The French composer's purpose was to find a breach in the fortress of musical tradition, open up ‘fissures of randomness for the poetic adventure to slip through’

Who made the first reinforced concrete?

In 1849, a Parisian gardener named Joseph Monier started making garden pots and tubs of concrete reinforced with an iron mesh. This reinforced concrete changed a lot, especially after California-based engineer Ernest Ransome popularized its use—first with the Arctic Oil Company Works warehouse in San Francisco in 1884, but especially with the Alvord Lake Bridge in Golden Gate Park, the world’s first reinforced concrete bridge, in 1889. His technic was what made the construction of the 16-story Ingalls Building in Cincinnati in 1903 possible, the first concrete skyscraper.

When did concrete come back?

It made a comeback during the 15th century, but it was during the 19th century that concrete find a new life, a reinforced one.

What is concrete?

First, for those of us who are not in the know, what exactly is concrete? The Cambridge Dictionary described it as a very hard-building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water. In short, it’s a really resistant composite material we are using to build houses and other structures.

What is the name of the cement made from volcanic ash?

In the 16th century, a German found out that mixing volcanic ash called trass with lime mortar lead to a strong water-resistant material. Years later, this led the French and the British to use this recipe on buildings, and in 1793, John Smeaton was tasked to build a new lighthouse. He needed water resistant materials and rediscovered how to make cement. This changed a lot in the construction business and, in 1824, Joseph Aspdin revised the recipe to create what is now called the Portland Cement, the basic ingredient of concrete.

What was the Romans' use of concrete?

They use dit to build the Colosseum, their famous bath houses, roads and the majority of their constructions. But for the Romans, it was not named “concrete,” it was caementis —or “cement” if you prefer. Their cement was not our cement, they did it the way we do concrete today. It’s confusing. Whatever their concrete recipe was, it was effective. The Colosseum is still here 2000 years later. The Pantheon too. Roman engineers perfected their mix (using volcanic ash), and it survived the fall of the Empire.

What does concrete mean in the 1520s?

If we go back in time, in the 1520s, concrete was used to talk about “that which is material or not abstract.” We had to wait the 1650s for it to mean “a mass formed by concretion” from the literal sense of Latin concretus. But…

When did the Egyptians use concrete?

Some would say that the Egyptians did, as they were using a form of concrete to build pyramids around 3000 BC. There is a debate over the real first utilization of concrete, especially before the Egyptians did. An early form of concrete was found in the Göbekli Tepe temple in what is today called Turkey.

Who invented the modern day concrete?

The first "modern day" concrete is invented. In 1756, John Smeaton, a british engineer, made the first modern day concrete (hydrolic cement). He pinpointed the compositional requirements needed to achieve "hydraulicity" in lime. This ultimately led to the invention of portland cement.

When was reinforced concrete invented?

Reinforced concrete was invented in 1849 by Joseph Monier. He was a Parisian gardener who made garden pots and tubs of concrete reinforced with an iron mesh. He patented this concept in 1867. Reinforced concrete combines the tensile (bendable) strength of metal with the compressive strength of concrete to withstand heavy loads.

How old is concrete?

For me, it's hard to believe the history of concrete dates back a few thousand years before Christ.

Why is concrete important?

The history of concrete is really amazing, it's hard to believe a material as old as concrete is such an important part of our "building infrastructure" today. Concrete is as important a resource to us now as it was to the egyptians when they built the pyramids. Unbelievable!

When was the first concrete street built?

In 1891, George Bartholomew, placed the first concrete street in the U.S.A. in Bellefontaine OH it still exists today. In 1903, the first concrete high rise was built in Cincinnati, OH. In 1930, air entraining agents were introduced to concrete to improve resistance to freeze/thaw damage.

When was fiber reinforcement introduced to concrete?

In the 1970's , fiber reinforcement was introduced to concrete.

What type of mortar did the Romans use to build the pyramids?

They used gypsum mortars and mortars of lime & mud mixed with straw to bind bricks when building the pyramids. More evidence can be found that Romans used a primal form of concrete about 2000 years ago to build the Coliseum and the Pantheon in Rome.