The Roman goddess of marriage, home, and family, Juno was a champion of women and protector of the Roman state. She was married to Jupiter, king of all the gods, and served as a part of the divine ruling triumvirate known as the Capitoline Triad
Capitoline Triad
The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill. It comprised Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. The triad held a central place in the public religion of Rome.
Was Juno the wife of Jupiter?
The Roman goddess of marriage, home, and family, Juno was a champion of women and protector of the Roman state. She was married to Jupiter, king of all the gods, and served as a part of the divine ruling triumvirate known as the Capitoline Triad.
What good is the Juno mission to Jupiter?
- NASA's Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter and taking jaw-dropping photos of the gas giant since 2016.
- Juno has flown past Jupiter's polar cyclones, anticyclones, auroras, the Great Red Spot, and enormous moons.
- Citizen scientists touch up Juno's raw images to highlight storms and clouds in stunning color. ...
How did Juno get to Jupiter?
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What did Jupiter see in Juno?
What has Juno discovered so far?
- Water mystery, solved.
- New cyclone.
- Lightning.
- Nine-storm north pole.
- The Great Red Spot — in 3D.
- Jolts from the poles.
- Swarms of storms.
- Jupiter’s beltways.
See more
What did Jupiter and Juno do?
Io was a priestess of the Roman goddess Juno. Juno was the jealous wife of Jupiter, the king of the gods. Jupiter was very unfaithful. When Jupiter fell in love with Io, he changed himself into the shape of a dark cloud to hide himself from his jealous wife Juno.
Are Jupiter and Juno siblings?
Juno was the wife and sister of Jupiter, the chief Roman god, and the two of them were worshipped along with the goddess Minerva on the Quirinal in Rome.
Who is Juno the god of?
goddess of marriageJuno received special devotion from Roman women. She was the goddess of marriage, and her name may have been the source for the name of the month of June—still a popular month for marriages today. She was also the goddess of childbirth. In that role, she was called Juno Lucina, which means Juno Who Brings to Light.
What is the god Juno known for?
Juno is the equivalent to Hera, the Greek goddess for love and marriage. Juno is the Roman goddess of love and marriage.
Is Juno a beautiful goddess?
Juno is generally depicted as gracefully beautiful and very tall, who is more warrior-like in nature, as opposed to her Greek counterpart, Hera. She is usually wearing a goatskin coat with a golden crown called polos, carrying a spear and a shield. Juno's symbols are crown, cypress, pomegranate, lily and lotus.
Who is Jupiter's wife?
JunoJupiter was particularly promiscuous, a fact that made for much strife between him and his wife Juno, the goddess of marriage.
Who is Jupiter?
Jupiter was the god of the sky, and very similar to the Ancient Greek god Zeus. Jupiter struck down his enemies with bolts of lightning, and eagles were his sacred birds. He was also the king of the Roman gods and the most important of all the gods and goddesses worshipped across the Roman Empire.
What were Junos powers?
In Ancient Roman Religion, Juno was hailed as queen of the gods. She had powers that protected women and all things associated with fertility, pregnancy, and marriage.
Is Juno a goddess?
Juno, in Roman religion, chief goddess and female counterpart of Jupiter, closely resembling the Greek Hera, with whom she was identified. With Jupiter and Minerva, she was a member of the Capitoline triad of deities traditionally introduced by the Etruscan kings.
Which god is Jupiter?
Jupiter (Latin: Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr "father", thus "sky father" Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove (gen. Iovis [ˈjɔwɪs]), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology.
What is the meaning of Juno?
Definition of Juno : the wife of Jupiter, queen of heaven, and goddess of light, birth, women, and marriage — compare hera.
What does Juno stand for?
In Roman mythology, Juno is the name of a goddess considered the queen of heaven. The daughter of Saturn and the wife of Jupiter, Juno is the equivalent of the Greek goddess Hera. The name is sometimes used in a general way to refer to any woman considered regal. It's also used as a female proper name.
What will Juno do with Jupiter?
With its suite of science instruments, Juno will investigate the existence of a solid planetary core, map Jupiter's intense magnetic field, measure the amount of water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, and observe the planet's auroras. Ju no will let us take a giant step forward in our understanding of how giant planets form and ...
What is the purpose of Juno?
Unlocking Jupiter's Secrets. Juno will improve our understanding of the solar system's beginnings by revealing the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Specifically, Juno will…. Determine how much water is in Jupiter's atmosphere, which helps determine which planet formation theory is correct (or if new theories are needed)
What does Juno measure?
Juno will measure the amount of water and ammonia in Jupiter's atmosphere and determine if the planet actually has a solid core, directly resolving the origin of this giant planet and thereby the solar system. By mapping Jupiter's gravitational and magnetic fields, Juno will reveal the planet's interior structure and measure the mass of the core.
How long is Juno in orbit?
This provides for an additional 41 months in orbit around Jupiter and will enable Juno to achieve its primary science objectives. Juno is in 53-day orbits rather than 14-day orbits as initially planned because of a concern about valves on the spacecraft’s fuel system.
Why did Jupiter draw a veil around himself?
In Greek and Roman mythology, Jupiter drew a veil of clouds around himself to hide his mischief. It was Jupiter's wife, the goddess Juno, who was able to peer through the clouds and reveal Jupiter's true nature.
When did the Juno spacecraft launch?
Mission Timeline. Launch - August 5, 2011. Deep Space Maneuvers - August/September 2012. Earth flyby gravity assist - October 2013.
What is the gas that is squeezed into Jupiter's atmosphere?
Deep in Jupiter's atmosphere, under great pressure, hydrogen gas is squeezed into a fluid known as metallic hydrogen. At these great depths, the hydrogen acts like an electrically conducting metal which is believed to be the source of the planet's intense magnetic field.
What will Juno observe?
Using long-proven technologies on a spinning spacecraft placed in an elliptical polar orbit, Juno will observe Jupiter's gravity and magnetic fields, atmospheric dynamics and composition, and evolution. Instruments.
What is the mission of Juno?
About the mission. The Juno spacecraft, which successfully entered the orbit of Jupiter on July 4, 2016, will for the first time peer below the dense cover of clouds to answer questions about the gas giant and the origins of our solar system. Juno's primary goal is to reveal the story of Jupiter's formation and evolution.
How long will Juno orbit Jupiter?
NASA has approved an update to Juno's science operations until July 2021. This provides for an additional 41 months in orbit around Jupiter and will enable Juno to achieve its primary science objectives.
Why is Juno in 53 day orbit?
Juno is in 53-day orbits rather than 14-day orbits as initially planned because of a concern about valves on the spacecraft's fuel system. This longer orbit means that it will take more time to collect the needed science data. Learn more.
When did the Juno spacecraft enter the solar system?
The Juno spacecraft, which successfully entered the orbit of Jupiter on July 4, 2016, will for the first time peer below the dense cover of clouds to answer questions about the gas giant and the origins of our solar system.
Who is Juno the goddess?
Uni. Juno ( English: / ˈdʒuːnoʊ / JOO-noh; Latin: IVNO, Iūnō [ˈjuːnoː]) is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counsellor of the state. A daughter of Saturn, she is the wife of Jupiter and the mother of Mars, Vulcan, Bellona and Juventas.
What is Juno's animal?
She is the Roman equivalent of Hera, queen of the gods in Greek mythology; like Hera, her sacred animal was the peacock. Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni, and she was said to also watch over the women of Rome. As the patron goddess of Rome and the Roman Empire, Juno was called Regina ("Queen") and was a member of the Capitoline Triad ...
Where is Juno attested?
Under this epithet Juno is attested in many places, notably at Falerii and Tibur. Dumézil remarked that Juno Curitis "is represented and invoked at Rome under conditions very close to those we know about for Juno Seispes of Lanuvium ". Martianus Capella states she must be invoked by those who are involved in war. The hunt of the goat by stonethrowing at Falerii is described in Ovid Amores III 13, 16 ff. In fact the Juno Curritis of Falerii shows a complex articulated structure closely allied to the threefold Juno Seispes of Lanuvium.
Why is Juno Sospita's temple dilapidated?
In his poem Fasti Ovid states the temple of Juno Sospita had become dilapidated to the extent of being no longer discernible "because of the injuries of time": this looks hardly possible as the restoration had happened no longer than a century earlier and relics of the temple exist to-day.
What is the name of the Roman goddess of love?
Juno is the Roman goddess of love and marriage. Ancient etymologies associated Juno 's name with iuvare, "to aid, benefit", and iuvenescere, "rejuvenate", sometimes connecting it to the renewal of the new and waxing moon, perhaps implying the idea of a moon goddess.
What is the origin of the name Juno?
Etymology. The name Juno was also once thought to be connected to Iove (Jove), originally as Diuno and Diove from *Diovona. At the beginning of the 20th century, a derivation was proposed from iuven- (as in Latin iuvenis, "youth"), through a syncopated form iūn- (as in iūnix, "heifer", and iūnior, "younger").
What was Juno's warlike aspect?
Juno's own warlike aspect among the Romans is apparent in her attire. She is often shown armed and wearing a goatskin cloak. The traditional depiction of this warlike aspect was assimilated from the Greek goddess Athena, who bore a goatskin, or a goatskin shield, called the aegis.
How far above Jupiter did Juno fly?
On a close flyby, passing less than 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) above Jupiter’s cloud tops, Juno dodged Jupiter’s shadow to avoid freezing. Then the spacecraft discovered a new, giant cyclone at Jupiter’s south pole. A pattern of six cyclones, with one in the center, had seemed locked in place, but a new cyclone had somehow muscled in. (December 2019)
What is the first clear picture of Jupiter's north pole?
1. First close glimpse of the north pole. As Juno moved into its polar orbit around Jupiter, JunoCam provided the first clear, cose-up pictures of the north pole — a strange, bluish region full of giant storms and strange weather. Unlike Saturn, Jupiter doesn't display a weird hexagonal jet stream at its north pole.
How many storms are there at Jupiter's north pole?
Nine -storm north pole. A central cyclone at Jupiter’s north pole is surrounded by eight more, as if they’re bowing in tribute.These cyclones range from 2,500 to 2,900 miles across (4,000 to 4,600 kilometers). Their spiral arms smack together as they spin, but the storms don’t merge, Juno data shows.
Where are cloud bands located on Jupiter?
The cloud bands, or belts and zones, we can see from Earth have an intricate structure up close. Near the equator, they penetrate into the deepest parts of Jupiter’s atmosphere. But as you move closer to the poles, these belts tend to shapeshift into other structures. (May 2017)
What is the most iconic storm in the solar system?
6. The Great Red Spot — in 3D. Maybe the most iconic storm in the solar system, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot has been swirling for centuries. But it appears to be slowly shrinking, from twice Earth’s size in 1979 to 1.3 times now.
What is Juno known for?
Although she is known for her various roles as a goddess protecting the Roman people, and she was a part of the integral triad on Capitoline Hill along with Jupiter and Minerva, Juno is most famous for her role as the goddess of marriage and childbirth. She was worshiped for her attentions to the women of Rome, specifically married women.
What is Juno Sospita?
Juno Sospita. Juno Sospita refers to Juno’s role as the protector of those in confinement, referring to pregnant women awaiting the impending birth of their child. As a protector, this aspect of Juno is depicted in goatskin, carrying a spear and a shield. Juno Sospita was also the chief deity of Lanuvium, a city located to the southeast of Rome.
Why was Juno worshiped?
She was worshiped for her attentions to the women of Rome, specifically married women. Issues revolving homemaking, childbirth and motherhood are associated with Juno.
What was the festival of Juno?
Some say the festival was in honor of the birthday of Juno’s son, Mars, while others believe that the festival was a celebration that marked the end of the Roman-Sabine War in which women played an important role. It is said that the women threw themselves between the two factions to restore peace.
Why did Juno give birth to Mars?
This incident is believed to be the reason Juno, with the use of Flora’s magical flower, gave birth to Mars on her own. She was also, according to works by Homer and Virgil, more often scolding her husband rather than caressing him.
Who is the queen of the gods?
Juno was referred to as the queen of the gods. Along with Jupiter and Minerva, Juno was one of the three original gods of Rome and a great temple was built in their honor at the Capitoline, which is one of the seven hills of Rome associated with eternity. She has many epithets, which describe her numerous roles in ancient mythology as protector ...
Who was Jupiter's wife?
According to a poetic work by Ovid, Mars, the Roman god of war, was not fathered by Juno’s husband, Jupiter, but instead was conceived by the use of a magical flower given to Juno by Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers and Spring. As Jupiter’s wife, she was known to be fiercely loyal, but was also jealous and vindictive, ...
Etymology
The name “Juno” is thought to have emerged from a host of words meaning youth, youthfulness, and rejuvenation. The name was widely believed to have been derived from the Latin iuvenis, meaning "youth.” The root of iuvenis was often seen in Latin words such as iunex, meaning “heifer,” or a cow that has not had a calf.
Attributes
As matron goddess of the Roman pantheon, Juno oversaw all matters related to the health and growth of the Roman state and the people who comprised it. She was particularly associated with the cycles and processes related to women. She blessed marriages, oversaw sexual reproduction, and ensured the safe arrival of children.
Family
Juno was a daughter of Saturn, the god of the sky who ruled before Jupiter, and Ops (or Opis), the goddess of the earth and growth. Her brothers were Jupiter, Neptune, god of the sea, and Pluto, god of the underworld and wealth.
Mythology
Rather than creating a tradition of mythological narratives themselves, the Romans often borrowed and appropriated the mythology of the Greeks, substituting Roman figures for the previously used Greek deities. In the Romanized version of this mythology, Juno took the part of Hera, the queen mother of the Greek deities.
Pop Culture
In recent times, Juno lent her name to a space probe launched in 2011 to investigate the planet Jupiter. Built by Lockheed Martin and operated by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Juno is currently orbiting the massive planet, examining its magnetic and gravitational fields as well as its composition.
Who is Juno in Roman mythology?
Definition. Juno was the Roman goddess who protected the nation as a whole but also kept special watch over all aspects of women 's lives. She is often thought of as the Roman version of the Greek goddess of love and marriage, Hera. Juno was the wife and sister of Jupiter, the chief Roman god, and the two of them were worshipped along with ...
Who was Juno's love?
According to Virgil, there was little love between Aeneas, the story's Trojan hero, and the Roman goddess. Juno loved the city of Carthage and, according to prophecy, her beloved city would one day be destroyed by Rome, a city to be founded by Aeneas.
What is the connection between Juno and Carthage?
According to legend, there was a connection between Juno and the city of Carthage where she was identified with the goddess Tanit. And, according to the Roman poet Virgil, the author of The Aeneid, Juno had another connection to the city by playing a major role in the founding of Rome or, more precisely, a role in the delay of the founding of the city. The story of Aeneas and his destiny to found the city is another example of the close connection between the Greek and Roman myths. Although Virgil used Juno as the story's antagonist (he was, of course, Roman), the name of Hera could just as easily be substituted. According to Virgil, there was little love between Aeneas, the story's Trojan hero, and the Roman goddess. Juno loved the city of Carthage and, according to prophecy, her beloved city would one day be destroyed by Rome, a city to be founded by Aeneas. Virgil wrote, “This town, they say, was Juno's favourite dwelling, preferred to all lands … here were her arms, her chariot … she cherished the aim that this should be, if fate allowed, the metropolis of all nations.” In Juno's mind if one stops Aeneas then the city of Rome will never be established — Carthage would achieve its destiny and control the Mediterranean. Virgil questioned the “brooding anger of Juno.” He asked, “Where lay the cause? How was her godhead injured? What grievance made the queen of heaven so harry a man renowned for piety … such a cycle of calamity? Can a divine being be so persevering in anger?” So, Juno loved Carthage and didn't want it to be destroyed by a future Rome. There was, however, a second reason for her anger: the fact that the Trojan prince Paris believed Helen to be more beautiful, and Juno's beauty was “scorned.”
What did Juno say to Dido?
Juno said, “Let Dido slave for a Trojan husband, and let the Tyrians pass into your hand as her dowry.”. The goddess Venus was aware “that this was double-talk by which Juno aimed at basing the future Italian empire ….”. The feud escalated between the two goddesses.
What is the name of the goddess of childbirth?
She was the protector of one in confinement, often pictured wearing a goatskin, carrying a spear and shield. She was Juno Lucina, a word meaning light, the goddess of childbirth.
Where did Juno's sanctuary come from?
Eventually, she would have several sanctuaries constructed on her behalf; however, her primary temple or citadel was built on the Arx, the northern part of Capitoline Hill. This sanctuary was located next to the Roman mint; the word money comes from her name, Moneta. Juno presided over every aspect of a woman's life.
Why did Juno's spell fail?
Next, a storm at sea, created by Juno, failed when Neptune interfered, not for the love of Aeneas, but owing to his irritation at Juno's interference in his domain. According to Virgil, “Juno's spell was broken,” and the men safely landed on Italian soil.
Who is Jupiter in the Roman mythology?
In the Greek-influenced tradition, Jupiter was the brother of Neptune and Dīs Pater, the Roman equivalents of Poseidon and Hades respectively.
Who is Jupiter the god of?
Iovis [ˈjɔwɪs] ), is the god of the sky and thunder and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout ...
What does Jupiter mean?
For other uses, see Jove (disambiguation). Jupiter ( Latin: Iūpiter [ˈjuːpɪtɛr] or Iuppiter [ˈjʊpːɪtɛr], from Proto-Italic * djous "day, sky" + * patēr "father", thus " sky father "), also known as Jove ( gen. Iovis [ˈjɔwɪs] ), is the god of the sky and thunder and king ...
What festival was dedicated to Jupiter?
Festivals of viniculture and wine were devoted to Jupiter, since grapes were particularly susceptible to adverse weather. Dumézil describes wine as a "kingly" drink with the power to inebriate and exhilarate, analogous to the Vedic Soma. Three Roman festivals were connected with viniculture and wine.
What religion did Jupiter practice?
Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until Christianity became the dominant religion of the Empire. In Roman mythology, he negotiates with Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, to establish principles of Roman religion such as offering, or sacrifice.
Why are the Ides sacred to Jupiter?
The Ides (the midpoint of the month, with a full moon) was sacred to Jupiter, because on that day heavenly light shone day and night. Some (or all) Ides were Feriae Iovis, sacred to Jupiter. On the Ides, a white lamb ( ovis idulis) was led along Rome's Sacred Way to the Capitoline Citadel and sacrificed to him.
Why did the Romans believe that Jupiter granted them supremacy?
Jupiter was "the fount of the auspices upon which the relationship of the city with the gods rested." He personified the divine authority of Rome's highest offices, internal organization, and external relations. His image in the Republican and Imperial Capitol bore regalia associated with Rome's ancient kings and the highest consular and Imperial honours.
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Overview
Juno was an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counsellor of the state. She was equated to Hera, queen of the gods in Greek mythology. A daughter of Saturn, she was the wife of Jupiter and the mother of Mars, Vulcan, Bellona and Juventas. Like Hera, her sacred animal was the peacock. Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni, and she was said to also watch over the women of Rome. As the patron goddess of Rome and the Roman Empire, Juno was called Regina ("Queen") a…
Etymology
The name Juno was also once thought to be connected to Iove (Jove), originally as Diuno and Diove from *Diovona. At the beginning of the 20th century, a derivation was proposed from iuven- (as in Latin iuvenis, "youth"), through a syncopated form iūn- (as in iūnix, "heifer", and iūnior, "younger"). This etymology became widely accepted after it was endorsed by Georg Wissowa.
Iuuen- is related to Latin aevum and Greek aion (αἰών) through a common Indo-European root refe…
Roles and epithets
Juno's theology is one of the most complex and disputed issues in Roman religion. Even more than other major Roman deities, Juno held a large number of significant and diverse epithets, names and titles representing various aspects and roles of the goddess. In accordance with her central role as a goddess of marriage, these included Pronuba and Cinxia ("she who looses the bride's girdle"). However, other epithets of Juno have wider implications and are less thematicall…
Theological and comparative study
The complexity of the figure of Juno has caused much uncertainty and debate among modern scholars. Some emphasize one aspect or character of the goddess, considering it as primary: the other ones would then be the natural and even necessary development of the first. Palmer and Harmon consider it to be the natural vital force of youthfulness, Latte women's fecundity. These original characters would have led to the formation of the complex theology of Juno as a sovere…
Associations with other deities
The divine couple received from Greece its matrimonial implications, thence bestowing on Juno the role of tutelary goddess of marriage (Iuno Pronuba).
The association of Juno and Jupiter is of the most ancient Latin theology. Praeneste offers a glimpse into original Latin mythology: the local goddess Fortuna is represented as nursing two infants, one male and one female, namely Jove (Jupiter) and Juno. It seems fairly safe to assum…
Festivals
All festivals of Juno were held on the kalendae of a month except two (or, perhaps, three): the Nonae Caprotinae on the nonae of July, the festival of Juno Capitolina on September 13, because the date of these two was determined by the preeminence of Jupiter. Perhaps a second festival of Juno Moneta was held on October 10, possibly the date of the dedication of her temple. This fact reflects the strict association of the goddess with the beginning of each lunar month.
Etrurian Uni, Hera, Astarte and Juno
The Etruscans were a people who maintained extensive (if often conflicting) contacts with the other peoples of the Mediterranean: the Greeks, the Phoenicians, and the Carthaginians.
Evidence of intense cultural exchanges with the Greeks has been found in 1969 at the sanctuary of the port of Gravisca near Tarquinia. Renard thinks the cult of Hera in great emporia such as Croton, Posidonia, Pyrgi might be a counter to Aphrodite's, linked to sacred prostitution in ports, …
Statue at Samos
In the Dutch city of Maastricht, which was founded as Trajectum ad Mosam in the Roman province of Germania Inferior about 2000 years ago, the remains of the foundations of a substantial temple for Juno and Jupiter are to be found in the cellars of Hotel Derlon. Over part of the Roman remains the first Christian church of the Netherlands was built in the 4th century AD.
The story behind these remains begins with Juno and Jupiter being born as twins of Saturn and O…