Who were the Stuart rulers of England?
Who ruled during the Stuart period? King James VI of Scotland became also King James I of England, thus combining the two thrones for the first time. The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714, a period which saw a flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval and instability, of plague, fire and war.
When did the Stuart dynasty rule?
Stuarts War Commerce Architecture Parks and Gardens An Introduction to Stuart England (1603–1714) The Stuart era began when James I, who was also James VI of Scotland, succeeded Elizabeth I. The last Tudor queen had died childless in 1603. James's ascension to the throne conjoined the two long-warring nations of England and Scotland.
When did the Stuart period end?
The Stuart Monarchs by Ben Johnson The House of Stewart (or ‘Stuart’ as it later became) was established by Robert II of Scotland during the late 14th century and the Stuart rule spanned from 1371 to 1714. Initially rulers of Scotland only, the dynasty also went on to inherit the Kingdoms of England and Ireland.
Who were the Stuarts and what did they do?
Feb 04, 2022 · James I of England, the first Stuart monarch of England, inherited the throne at a contentious time. The Stuart period was one of turmoil …
What was the purpose of the Stuart period?
King James I would take over rule of a country that was prosperous and largely peaceful but very expensive to run. Britain needed King James I to be a reforming monarch.
Who was the king of England in 1603?
1603 - 1625. King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England succeeded to the English crown on. King James I succeeded to the English crown on the death of Queen Elizabeth. 1603.
Who succeeded Elizabeth I?
King James I succeeded to the English crown on the death of Queen Elizabeth. 1603. Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury became James I's chief minister. Sir Robert Cecil distinguished himself in the court of Queen Elizabeth I and it was a wise choice of King James to appoint him chief minister. 1603.
Why was Walter Raleigh imprisoned?
Sir Walter Raleigh is accused of treason for plotting to put Arabella Stuart on the throne. He was kept imprisoned for many years. 1604. The Hampton Court conference. Following various petitions made to the King by Puritans the King decided to call aconference to consider matters of religion.
Was King Charles a Catholic?
The decade passed quietly, although many were not prepared to forget about Parliament, Charles was well advised and peace ensued. He was pro Catholic, seeing the Anglican church as a moderated pre reformation Catholic one.
What was Charles' dominion?
Charles's dominion was a London centred one. He tried to rule Scotland and Ireland without going there and the consequences of this were immense. The Scotts threatened invasion, Charles was forced to recall Parliament. Their list of complaints against the King was enormous. Overwhelmed, Charles rashly dissolved Parliament. Facing financial ruin and unable to stop the march of the Scotts, he was forced to call Parliament again. On the 3rd November 1640 the Long Parliament sat and they demanded a return to the return of rule as it had been in the time of Elizabeth. They feared Catholics and refused any money to Charles. Anyone for the King was swept away, he tried to protect some with force but that unleached a torrent upon the King never seen before. The Puritans got rid of all the reform of the previous decade. Parliament seized control and there was nothing Charles could say or do to stem the tide. Puritans spread their rumours of a Popish plot everywhere. Moderates were ousted from their positions. The King refused to budge and left London, the court dissolved.
What happened in 1653?
The country was in a financial mess, the Cromwellian government in chaos. In 1653, Cromwell dispensed with the Rump Parliament and set up a new one. This also failed to deal with the complexity of the problems England was now facing.
Who succeeded Charles to the throne?
James II (1685 – 1688) James II succeeded his brother Charles to the throne. After the Restoration he had served as Lord High Admiral until he announced his conversion to Roman Catholicism and was forced to resign.
Who was the first English monarch?
The first English monarch of the Stuarts, James I of England and VI of Scotland, succeeded to the throne of England when Elizabeth I died. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots by her second husband Lord Darnley, and great-great grandson of Henry VIII’s sister Margaret.
What did James VI believe?
James believed in the Divine Right of Kings – that he was answerable to God alone and could not be tried by any court.
Why did Charles I come to the throne?
Charles I came to the throne after his father’s death. He did not share his father’s love of peace and embarked on war with Spain and then with France. In order to fight these wars he needed Parliament to grant him money.
Who was the protector of the Commonwealth?
Interregnum Oliver Cromwell (1649 – 1658) In 1649, Oliver Cromwell took the title Lord Protector of the newly formed republic in England, known as the Commonwealth. His parliament consisted of a few chosen supporters and was not popular either at home or abroad.
Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell?
He was succeeded by his son Richard, who had no wish to rule.
Who was William III's wife?
William III and his wife Mary II (daughter of James II), were proclaimed joint sovereigns of England in 1688 following the Glorious Revolution. They were accepted by Scotland the following year, but Ireland, which was mainly Catholic, remained loyal to James II. William led an army into Ireland and James was defeated at the Battle ...
What was the Stuart period?
The Stuart period witnessed intense religious and political conflicts, which shifted power from the monarchy to parliament. Meanwhile, discoveries and innovations transformed science, architecture and everyday life. James VI of Scotland ascended the English throne after Elizabeth I’s death in 1603, becoming James I of England.
Who was the last queen of England in the Stuart era?
The Stuart era began when James I, who was also James VI of Scotland, succeded Elizabeth I. The last Tudor queen had died childless in 1603. James's ascention to the throne conjoined the two long-warring nations of England and Scotland. The Stuart period witnessed intense religious and political conflicts, which shifted power from ...
What was the period after Charles' execution?
The period after Charles’s execution, known as the Interregnum, saw the loosening of government and Church control. In response, there was an unprecedented ferment of revolutionary ideas, which were spread by an explosion of pamphlets. Radical religious sects proliferated, many expecting the imminent Second Coming of Christ. The Levellers demanded votes for all men and universal religious tolerance.
Who was the shrewd ruler of Scotland?
The shrewd James I (r.1603–25), who was also James VI of Scotland (and the son of Elizabeth I’s cousin Mary, Queen of Scots), successfully conjoined the two long-warring nations of England and Scotland. Despite threats to his reign, including the Gunpowder Plot (1605), he maintained peace at home and abroad.
Who led the army that defeated King Charles?
By 1647 Parliament’s New Model Army, commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, had defeated King Charles. He was imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, but under the cover of peace negotiations, he secretly worked to provoke a Second Civil War, which broke out 1648. Parliament was again victorious, and this time the army accordingly insisted (despite moderate protests) on his trial, condemnation and execution in 1649.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
A leading military and political figure during the Civil Wars, Oliver Cromwell was declared Lord Protector in 1653. He presided over the newly created English republic until his death in 1658; the monarchy was restored 18 months later. This portrait, attributed to Jonathan Richardson, is at Boscobel House, Shropshire.
What is Charles II's reign known for?
Vividly chronicled in the diaries of Samuel Pepys, Charles II’s reign (1660–85) is remembered for its racy court, the revival of theatres, and new developments in art, daily life and architecture, exemplified by Sir Christopher Wren’s London churches. It also saw notable scientific advances, fostered by the Royal Society.
Who was the Earl of Douglas?
William, Earl of Douglas, one of the most powerful nobles in Scotland but also a troublemaker and dissenter, refused the king’s command to ‘toe the line’, and was murdered by James with a dagger in a fit of rage!
Who was the Duke of Albany?
The Duke of Albany remained in charge of Scotland as Governor until his death in 1420 when he was succeeded by his son Murdoch. Upon his return to Scotland, James had Murdoch and several other powerful nobles beheaded. Subsequent laws restricted the power of the nobles.
Who invaded France in 1513?
When Henry then invaded France in 1513, the Auld Alliance was reintroduced with Louis XII of France. James invaded northern England and The Battle of Flodden was fought on 9 September 1513. James made a fatal error by choosing to advance down a steep slippery slope towards the English forces.
Who was James' second wife?
He ruled well to begin with but became tyrannical and obsessed with wealth in later years. His second wife Mary of Guise gave him two sons who died in infancy. She gave birth to Mary in the very same week as James lay dying in Falkland Palace, following a nervous collapse after defeat at the battle of Solway Moss.
When was the Battle of Flodden?
The Battle of Flodden. History of Scotland. In September 1513, the largest battle between England and Scotland took place. Prior to the battle the Scots were based at Flodden Edge, which is how it became known as the Battle of Flodden.
What was the role of the English Parliament under the Stuart monarchs?
The English Parliament under the Stuart monarchs was at the centre of politics as never before. It established itself in practice as the ultimate political authority in the country. Its debates and actions of the period remain at the heart of British constitutional and legal ideas, and the English Civil War and Interregnum of 1642-60, ...
Why was the Irish cattle bill introduced?
The Irish Cattle Bill was introduced in the autumn of 1666 in order to benefit English landowners by prohibiting the import of...
What is a fast sermon?
Fast sermons were preached to Parliament by prominent clergymen on pre-arranged occasions. They provided opportunities to promote unity, galvanise Members into action and steer them towards particular policies. Usually published by request and with official authority, they also reflected...
How long did Charles I rule?
Charles I dissolves parliament and begins 11 years of personal rule. 1640. 13 April - 'Short Parliament' opens at Westminster. Desperate for money to fight the Scots, Charles I was forced to summon a new parliament. Only open a month before Charles dissolved it.
Who did Mary Stuart marry?
1677. 4 November - Mary Stuart marries William of Orange, Charles I's grandson. Mary Stuart was the elder daughter of Charles II's brother, James, Duke of York (James II). Her marriage in 1677 to the Dutch Protestant Prince William of Orange, himself the grandson of Charles I, strengthened William's claim to the English throne.
When did Scotland and England become one country?
In 1707, England and Scotland officially became one country - Great Britain. James II, tried to make England a catholic country again (the religion of his wife) Parliament did not like this and replaced him with Dutch Prostestant King William III who was married to Mary daughter of James II.
Who was Charles I's wife?
Fearing that his opponents in parliament were not only determined to seize political control, but also to impeach his Catholic wife, Henrietta Maria, Charles I marched into the House of Commons and attempted to arrest five leading members of parliament.
What happened in 1689?
1688-1689. The Glorious Revolution - the overthrow of King James the II, the crowning of William of Orange and his wife Mary II, and the final recognition of parliament supremacy . 1689. 13 February William of Orange (William II) and his wife Mary II proclaimed king and queen.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
The Glorious Revolution - the overthrow of King James the II, the crowning of William of Orange and his wife Mary II, and the final recognition of parliament supremacy. 1689. 13 February William of Orange (William II) and his wife Mary II proclaimed king and queen. 1689.
How did William III die?
William III died two weeks after being thrown from his horse when it tripped over a molehill in Hyde Park, London. 1707. England and Scotland officially became one country - Great Britain. The Scottish parliament was dissolved and England and Scotland became one country - Great Britain.
James I
Charles I
- Charles I came to the throne after his father’s death. He did not share his father’s love of peace and embarked on war with Spain and then with France. In order to fight these wars he needed Parliament to grant him money. However, Parliament was not happy with his choice of favourites, especially the Duke of Buckingham and made things difficult for him. In 1629 he dismissed Parli…
Interregnum Oliver Cromwell
- In 1649, Oliver Cromwell took the title Lord Protector of the newly formed republic in England, known as the Commonwealth. His parliament consisted of a few chosen supporters and was not popular either at home or abroad. Cromwell disliked the Irish Catholics and, on the pretence of punishment for the massacre of English Protestants in 1641, he lay siege to the town of Droghe…
Charles II
- After the execution of his father in 1649, Charles assumed the title Charles II of England, and was formally recognised as King of Scotland and Ireland. In 1651 he led an invasion into England from Scotland to defeat Cromwell and restore the monarchy. He was defeated and fled to France where he spent the next eight years. In 1660 he was invited, by parliament, to return to England a…
James II
- James II succeeded his brother Charles to the throne. After the Restoration he had served as Lord High Admiral until he announced his conversion to Roman Catholicism and was forced to resign. He succeeded despite the passing of the Test Acts in 1673 (which barred all Roman Catholics from holding official positions in Great Britain) and the efforts of Parliament to have him by-pass…
William III
- William III and his wife Mary II (daughter of James II), were proclaimed joint sovereigns of England in 1688 following the Glorious Revolution. They were accepted by Scotland the following year, but Ireland, which was mainly Catholic, remained loyal to James II. William led an army into Ireland and James was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. Mary II died in 1694 and William rul…
Queen Anne
- Queen Anne was the sister of Mary II and was married to Prince George of Denmark. She was a committed Protestant and supported the Glorious Revolution that deposed her father and replaced him with her sister and brother-in-law. In 1707 the Act of Union formally united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. She was the last monarch of the Stuarts, as...