Who was the first European to settle in Illinois?
Most of the settlements are abandoned prior to the historic period. French explorers Jacques Marquette (1637-1675) and Louis Jolliet (1645-1700) descend the Mississippi to the Arkansas River and return to Wisconsin via the Illinois River—the first Europeans to reach the Illinois country.
Who was the first person to visit Illinois?
Illinois. The first Europeans to visit Illinois were the French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette in 1673, but the region was ceded to Britain after the French and Indian War. After the American Revolution, Illinois became a territory of the United States, and achieved statehood in 1818.
What is the history of Illinois State history?
History of Illinois 1 Settlement. The first Europeans to visit Illinois were the French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette in 1673, when they explored the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. 2 Early years of statehood. Abraham Lincoln's years as a politician and lawyer in Illinois. ... 3 Economic and social maturation. ...
When was the first settlement in Chicago?
The first settlement on the site of Chicago was made in 1779 by the black pioneer Jean-Baptist-Point Du Sable. On July 4, 1800, the Northwest Territory was divided, and the Illinois country was made a part of Indiana Territory; Illinois Territory was formed in 1809 by dividing Indiana Territory, and Illinois attained statehood nine years later.
What is the history of Illinois?
What was the name of the tribe that ruled Illinois?
How much money did Illinois FIRST give?
What was the name of the American Territory?
How many soldiers were in the Illinois army during the Civil War?
How many slaves were there in Illinois?
Why is Chicago called the Land of Lincoln?
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About this website
Who lived in Illinois first?
History of Illinois. A Paleo-Indian culture existed in southern Illinois from about 8000 bc. The Mississippian people, whose religious centre was at Cahokia in southwestern Illinois, constituted probably the largest pre-Columbian (c. ad 1300) community north of Mexico in the Mississippi floodplain.
Who settled in the state of Illinois?
The first Europeans to visit Illinois were the French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette in 1673, but the region was ceded to Britain after the French and Indian War. After the American Revolution, Illinois became a territory of the United States, and achieved statehood in 1818.
Who were the first two people to arrive in Illinois?
Throughout the 1700s other tribes moved into the area including the Iroquois, the Chippewa, the Potawatomi, and the Miami. In 1673, French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet were the first Europeans to arrive in Illinois.
Is Illinois French or Indian?
Soon after French exploration in the area, the British gained control of Illinois before handing it over to the Americans after the American Revolution. The state officially became a part of the union in 1818, having kept its Native American-inspired name for almost 200 years at that point.
Who immigrated to Illinois?
Foreign Immigrant Patterns Europeans did not assume significant proportions in Illinois until the 1830s and 1840s. In 1850, 81.1% of Illinois' foreign born adult males came from three countries, Germany, (35.9%), Ireland (27.3%), and England, (17.9%) (Table 1).
Who were the first settlers in Chicago?
Chicago's first permanent non-indigenous resident was a trader named Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, a free black man from Haiti whose father was a French sailor and whose mother as an African slave, he came here in the 1770s via the Mississippi River from New Orleans with his Native American wife, and their home stood ...
Whats the oldest city in Illinois?
Kaskaskia, the oldest town in the state and the first capitol of Illinois | Library of Congress.
What was the nickname of the early settlers of Illinois?
They were therefore derisively called "suckers," and the term came to refer to the entire region of Southern Illinois, which at the time held most of the state's population.
Why did the French come to Illinois?
Explored in 1673 from Green Bay to the Arkansas River by the Canadien expedition of Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette, the area was claimed by France. It was settled primarily from the Pays d'en Haut in the context of the fur trade, and in the establishment of missions by French Catholic religious orders.
Who were the first Native Americans in Illinois?
The Illini Hundreds of years ago many different Native Americans lived in Illinois. Some of them were the Sauk, Mesquakie, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, and Winnebago. The state is named after one tribe, the Illiniwek. The Illiniwek were composed of twelve smaller tribes.
What does Illinois mean in Native American?
ILLINOIS: From the Illini Indian word meaning "men" or "warriors,” supplemented by the French adjective ending "ois..”
What happened to the Illini tribe?
The Illini were original inhabitants of modern-day Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. The Illini tribe was nearly wiped out by war in the 1700's, and the survivors had to move to Kansas and Oklahoma. The Peoria Tribe of Oklahoma is made up of Illinois Indians.
What was the nickname of the early settlers of Illinois?
They were therefore derisively called "suckers," and the term came to refer to the entire region of Southern Illinois, which at the time held most of the state's population.
Why did people immigrate to Illinois?
Illinois' central position in the American transportation network and general prosperity made it a magnet for immigrants. Many chose Illinois for its good prospects. Others settled down because fate, or at least a train, deposited them there.
Was Illinois a British colony?
European exploration and colonization As a result of their exploration, the Illinois Country was part of the French empire until 1763, when it passed to the British. The area was ceded to the new United States in 1783 and became part of the Northwest Territory.
What Indian tribes lived in southern Illinois?
Other tribes known to have also lived on and used the lands of southern Illinois included the Delaware, Shawnees, Potawatomie, Miami, Eel River (the Miami), Wea, Kickapoos, and Piankashaw.
57 Interesting Illinois Facts That You Should Know
6. After the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal in 1848, the transportation between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River valley greatly improved. And thus the state became a transportation hub. [1] 7. Barack Obama, a former U.S. president was elected while he was living in Illinois. Ronald Reagan is the only U.S. president born in Illinois.
Timeline of Illinois History - Education
Anyone, 6 months of age and older, is eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Find your nearest vaccination location at vaccines.gov.
Illinois Early History: Illinois First Inhabitants - eReferenceDesk
Illinois First Early Inhabitants Timeline. 10,000 BC- 8000 BC-Paleo Indians roam the area, briefly occupying small camps in coniferous forests and subsisting on large game and wild plants.; 8000 BC - 500 BC - Archaic period Indians inhabit deciduous forests in small groups, hunt deer and small game, weave baskets, and grind seeds with stones.
Illinois - HISTORY
The first Europeans to visit Illinois were the French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette in 1673, but the region was ceded to Britain after the
When Did Illinois Become a State? - WorldAtlas
Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818. When Did Illinois Become a State? The Illinois State Capitol. Illinois is a state located within the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the US. The state’s capital is Springfield while its largest city is Chicago. Other cities of Illinois include Peoria, Rockford, Champaign, Naperville, Joliet, Elgin, Evanston, and Belleville among others.
What was the first permanent settlement in Illinois?
1699. Priests of the Quebec Seminary of Foreign Missions found the Holy Family mission at Cahokia, the first permanent settlement in the Illinois country. 1703. Jesuit priest Gabriel Marest (1662-1714) moves the Immaculate Conception mission from present St. Louis to Kaskaskia.
What is the history of Illinois?
A century ago, as the United States advanced from an agrarian to an industrial nation, one historian described Illinois as having a more significant history than any other state "west of the Alleghenies.". Throughout the twentieth century, Illinois has sustained that prominence—in subject areas ...
What was the population of Illinois in 1819?
Illinois becomes the twenty-first state, with Kaskaskia the capital and Shadrach Bond (1773-1832) the first governor. Population of the state is 34,620 . 1819. Kickapoo Indians move west of the Mississippi, relinquishing most claims to central Illinois lands.
What are the subjects of Illinois?
Throughout the twentieth century, Illinois has sustained that prominence—in subject areas that encompass agriculture, architecture, the arts, business and labor, communications, education, government and politics, medicine and science, the military, recreation and sports, religion, social reform, and transportation.
What did the Paleo Indians do?
Paleo Indians roam the area, briefly occupying small camps in coniferous forests and subsisting on large game and wild plants.
Where did Marquette find his mission?
Marquette founds a mission at the Great Village of the Illinois, near present Utica. French traders René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1643-1687) and Henry de Tonty (1650-1704) build Fort Crèvecoeur on the Illinois River, near present Peoria. . Iroquois Indians destroy the Great Village of the Illinois.
Where was the first coal mine in Illinois?
The first coal mine in Illinois is opened in Jackson County. New Madrid, Missouri, earthquake, the largest in United States history, damages southern Illinois (recurs in 1812). 1812. Potawatomi Indians massacre fifty-two troops and civilians in destroying Fort Dearborn.
What tribes lived in Illinois?
Native American tribes in Illinois were all Algonquian -speaking peoples: in the north were the Kickapoo, Sauk, and Fox ; in the Lake Michigan area the Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Ojibwa (Chippewa); on the central prairies the Kaskaskia and Peoria; and in the south the Cahokia and Tamaroa. Cahokia.
When was Illinois made a state?
In 1778, during the American Revolution, the capture by American forces of Kaskaskia, the British seat of government in the region, made Illinois a county of Virginia. The first settlement on the site of Chicago was made in 1779 by the black pioneer Jean-Baptist-Point Du Sable. On July 4, 1800, the Northwest Territory was divided, and the Illinois country was made a part of Indiana Territory; Illinois Territory was formed in 1809 by dividing Indiana Territory, and Illinois attained statehood nine years later.
What was the name of the canal that connected the Illinois River to Lake Michigan?
Southern and central Illinois remained the more heavily settled areas of the state during the early 19th century. In 1848 the Illinois and Michigan Canal was completed, linking the waters of the Illinois River with Lake Michigan and thereby the Mississippi River and Lake Michigan watersheds. The canal formed part of the journey for settlers and travelers from the East Coast, who reached Chicago via the Erie Canal and went on to points south and west. With rail expansion many towns became prosperous. The Cumberland Road, leading westward from Maryland and terminating at Vandalia, brought many settlers to Illinois.
What was the purpose of the Illinois Constitution?
In 1824 Illinois voters rejected a proposal for a constitutional convention whose implicit purpose was to legalize slavery.
What happened in the 1760s?
In the 1760s, after the French and Indian War, France ceded to Britain its claim to lands east of the Mississippi. The following years were uneasy—British policy was unfavourable to the area’s economic development, Native Americans resented the British presence, and settlements were without civil government.
When did the labor movement start in Illinois?
Until well into the 20th century , Illinois was a main focus of the American labour movement.
Where was Abraham Lincoln a lawyer?
Abraham Lincoln's years as a politician and lawyer in Illinois.
Who visited Illinois first?
Contents. The first Europeans to visit Illinois were the French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette in 1673, but the region was ceded to Britain after the French and Indian War. After the American Revolution, Illinois became a territory of the United States, and achieved statehood in 1818. Located on Lake Michigan, and connected ...
When did Illinois become a state?
After the American Revolution, Illinois became a territory of the United States, and achieved statehood in 1818. Located on Lake Michigan, and connected to the eastern ports via the Erie Canal, Chicago became a booming metropolis, and even the fire of 1871 could not stunt its growth.
How many people died in the Chicago fire?
What began as an ordinary fire in Patrick and Catherine O’Leary’s barn on October 8, 1871, quickly turned into what became known as the Great Chicago Fire, which devastated roughly 18,000 buildings, left close to 100,000 inhabitants homeless and killed between 200 and 300 people.
Who were the first people to live in Illinois?
The earliest inhabitants of Illinois were the prehistoric Mound Builders. Dickson Mounds Indian Museum near Lewiston features special exhibits which chronicle the Indian's valuable place in Illinois history. These groups of Native Americans left behind more than 10,000 temple and burial mounds throughout the state.
Where did the Indians hunt in Illinois?
Indians hunted in Illinois as far back as 5000 BC and today you can still view the remains of their civilization at places such as Chahokia Mounds - North America's largest and most valuable prehistoric earthwork relic. The earliest inhabitants of Illinois were the prehistoric Mound Builders.
What did the Illinois Confederacy mean by "Illini"?
The word 'Illini' meant "superior men.". The enemies of the Illinois Confederacy were the Illinois were almost constantly harassed by the Sioux, Fox, and other northern tribes. Some of the other tribes that played a part in the state's early history were the Chippewa, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Winnebago, Kickapoo, and Shawnee.
What is early history?
Early history examines the archaeological record that tells the story of the first inhabitants of Illinois. Learn about the prehistory and culture of the first early inhabitants, and what lessons it might teach us about the early history of Illinois.
Who explored the Illinois region?
Étienne Brûlé explored the upper Illinois country in 1615 but did not document his experiences. Joseph de La Roche Daillon reached an oil spring at the northeasternmost fringe of the Mississippi River basin during his 1627 missionary journey.
What is the name of the French province in Illinois?
Up until 1717, the Illinois Country was governed by the French province of Canada, but by order of King Louis XV, the Illinois Country was annexed to the French province of Louisiana, with the northeastern administrative border being somewhat vaguely on or near the upper Illinois River. The territory thus became known as "Upper Louisiana." By the mid-18th century, the major settlements included Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Chartres, Saint Philippe, and Prairie du Rocher, all on the east side of the Mississippi in present-day Illinois; and Ste. Genevieve across the river in Missouri, as well as Fort Vincennes in what is now Indiana.
What is the Illinois country?
the Illinois people) — sometimes referred to as Upper Louisiana ( French: Haute-Louisiane [ot.lwi.zjan]; Spanish: Alta Luisiana) — was a vast region of New France claimed in the 1600s in what is now the Midwestern United States.
Why was the Fort of Chartres named after Louis?
The fort was named after Louis, duc de Chartres, son of the regent of France. Because of frequent flooding , another fort was built further inland in 1725.
What was the name of the area in 1681?
1681 map of the New World: New France and the Great Lakes in the north, with a dark line as the Mississippi River to the west and the mouth of the river (and future New Orleans) then terra incognita. The area to the southwest of the Great Lakes is labeled, Pays des Illinois.
Why was Fort Patrick Henry named Fort Patrick Henry?
George Rogers Clark renamed it Fort Patrick Henry, for the Governor of Virginia, when he took it in the American Revolution. Although part of the original expansive Illinois Country, as part of the Northwest Territory, it became the seat of a separate county.
Where did Joseph de La Roche Daillon reach?
Joseph de La Roche Daillon reached an oil spring at the northeasternmost fringe of the Mississippi River basin during his 1627 missionary journey. In 1669–70, Father Jacques Marquette, a missionary in French Canada, was at a mission station on Lake Superior, when he met native traders from the Illinois Confederation.
When were the early American settlements in Illinois?
Early American Settlements in Illinois, from 1780 to 1800. A Historical Sketch Of the Early American Settlements in Illinois, from 1780 to 1800. [Transcribed for Genealogy Trails by Nancy Piper] Read before the Illinois State Lyceum, at its anniversary, August 16, 1832 - By J. M. Peck. This period exhibited scenes of sufficient importance on these ...
What tribes inhabited Illinois?
The names of the tribes that unitedly formed the nation of the Illini, were the Mamies, Mascotins, Michigamies, Cahokias, Peorias, Kaskaskias, and Tamerweas. Besides these fragments of what was once the great nation of the Illini, other tribes inhabited Illinois, at the periods of our history. Kickapoos were numerous and warlike, and had their principal towns on the Illinois and the Vermillion of the Wabash. The Piankeshaws, who some think were originally a branch of the Illini, were in the same region. The Delawares, Shawnees and other bands passed over the territory, as were occasional occupants of its hunting grounds. The Potawatomies were principally north and west of the Illinois River, and laid some species claim to the country as far south as Edwardsville, and the Sacks, Foxes or Musquakies, and other, claimed the region farther north.
What was the name of the Indians that claimed the prairies of Illinois?
This territory appears to have been claimed originally by the nation of Indians known to the early French explorers by the name of Illini , a word said to signify, "full grown man." The ancient residence of this nation was about Green Bay, and they claimed the country west of Lake Michigan, and even west of the Mississippi. Like other nations of Indians, they were divided into tribes. Each tribe managed its own internal affairs; but in more public matters they met around one common council fire. They dug up the tomahawk, to make war upon their neighbors, and smoked the calumet of peace in concert. The prairies of Illinois were the hunting grounds of this nation. Within the period of our contemplated history, the buffalo browsed upon the luxuriant range within our view; and till about 1797, they were tolerably numerous along the Kaskaskia and Illinois Rivers.
How did the Indians depredation begin?
In the spring of this year the Indians again commenced their depredations by stealing horses. In May, John Dempsey was attacked, but made his escape. A party of eight men followed. The Indians were just double their number. A severe running fight was kept up for several hours and conducted with great prudence and bravery on the part of the whites. Each party kept the trees for shelter; the Indians retreating and the Americans pursuing, from tree to tree, till night put an end to the conflict. Five Indians were killed without the oss of a man or of a drop of blood on the other side. This party consisted of Capt. N. Hull, who commanded, Joseph ogle, sen., Benjamin Ogle, James Lemen, sen., J. Ryan, William Bryson, John Porter and D. Raper.
What brought peace to the borders of Illinois?
The subjugation of the Indians in the Miami country by General Wayne in 1794, and the treaty that grew out of it the following year, brought peace to the borders of Illinois, and the settlers remained unmolested from these daily alarms. A few horses were stolen from time to time, and in 1802 Joseph Vanmeter and Alexander Dennis were killed on the American bottom, but no attack was made upon the settlements. Families again took up their abodes in the borders of the prairies; emigrants from the states clustered around them, and the cultivation of the soil was pursued without fear or interruption.
Where did the first settlers come from?
The first settlement formed of emigrants from the United States, was made near Bellefontaine, Monroe County, in 1781 by James Moore, whose numerous descendants now reside in the same settlement. Mr. Moore was a native of Maryland, but came to Illinois from Western Virginia, with his family, in company with James Garrison, Robert Kidd, Shadrach Bond, Sen. and Larkin Rutherford. They passed through the wilderness to the Ohio River, where they took water, came down that river, and up the Mississippi to Kaskaskia. Mr. Moore, and a portion of his party, planted themselves on the hills near Bellefontaine, and Garrison, Bond, and the rest, settled in the American bottom, near Harrisonville. This station became afterwards known by the name of the Blockhouse Fort.
Is Illinois a sick country?
Intelligence of this fatal sickness reached the Atlantic states, found its way into the periodical journals, and more than all other events, has produced an impression abroad, that Illinois is a sickly country; an impression wholly incorrect. Illinois, unquestionably, is a healthy a region as any western state.
What is the history of Illinois?
The history of Illinois may be defined by several broad historical periods, namely, the pre-Columbian period, the era of European exploration and colonization, its development as part of the American frontier, and finally, its growth into one of the most populous and economically powerful states of the United States .
What was the name of the tribe that ruled Illinois?
The next major power in the region was the Illiniwek Confederation , a political alliance among several tribes. The Illiniwek gave Illinois its name. The Ho-Chunk, a Siouan people of the Chiwere subgroup & the alleged oldest continuous Siouan society, were also believed to claim some land north of the Rock River. During the Beaver Wars period of the 17th century, the Iroquois pushed through and briefly conquered Ohio, Indiana & Southern Michigan, forcing several peoples out of those regions. Several migrating groups of Miami & Mascouten—the oldest known inhabitants of Indiana & S. Michigan—spread throughout the western Great Lakes & Upper Mississippi region, living wherever they could. The known tribes were the Miami, Mascouten, Wea, Atchatchakangouen, Pepicokia, Mengakonkia, Pinakashaw & Kilatika. The Beaver Wars also caused a secondary conflict in the greater Wisconsin area known as the Second Fauk War, which pushed the ancestors of the Lakota/ Dakota out onto the plains & destabilized the Dakotas.
How much money did Illinois FIRST give?
With various matching funds programs, Illinois FIRST provided $2.2 billion for schools, $4.1 billion for public transportation, another $4.1 billion for roads, and $1.6 billion for other projects.
What was the name of the American Territory?
An early western outpost of the United States, Fort Dearborn, was established in 1803 (at the site of present-day Chicago ), and the creation of the Illinois Territory followed on February 3, 1809.
How many soldiers were in the Illinois army during the Civil War?
During the Civil War, over 250,000 Illinois men served in the Union Army, coming 4th in the states. Starting with President Lincoln's first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, Illinois sent 150 infantry regiments; they were numbered from the 7th IL to the 156th IL. Seventeen cavalry regiments also served as well as two light artillery regiments. The most well worked soldier was Ulysses S. Grant of Galena. Throughout the war the Republicans were in control, under the firm leadership of Governor Richard Yates The Democrats had a strong Copperhead element that opposed the war and tried in local areas to disrupt the draft. In Chicago, Wilbur F. Storey made his Democratic newspaper the Chicago Times into Lincoln's most vituperative enemy.
How many slaves were there in Illinois?
Slavery was nominally banned by the Northwest Ordinance, but that was not enforced. But when Illinois became a sovereign state in 1818, the Ordinance no longer applied, and there were about 900 slaves there. As the southern part of the state, known as "Egypt", was largely settled by migrants from the South, the section was hostile to free blacks and allowed settlers to bring slaves with them for labor. Proslavery elements tried to call a convention to legalize slavery, but they were blocked by Governor Edward Coles who mobilized anti-slavery forces, warning that rich slave owners would buy up all the good farm lands. A referendum in 1823 showed 60% of the voters opposed slavery, so efforts to make slavery official failed. Nevertheless, some slaves were brought in seasonally or as house servants as late as the 1840s. The Illinois Constitution of 1848 was written with a provision for exclusionary laws to be passed. In 1853, state senator John A. Logan helped pass a law to prohibit all African Americans, including freedmen, from settling in the state. After 1865 Logan reversed positions and became a leading advocate of civil rights for blacks.
Why is Chicago called the Land of Lincoln?
Illinois is known as the "Land of Lincoln " because it is here that the 16th President spent his formative years. Chicago gained prominence as a lake and canal port after 1848, and as a rail hub soon afterward. By 1857, Chicago was the state's dominant metropolis. (see History of Chicago ).
