Who was the first person to translate the Odyssey into Latin?
Livius Andronicus (c. 284 – c. 204 BC) was possibly the first who translated the Odyssey into Latin, but his translation has not survived. There have been many Latin translations of Homer over the centuries, but the oldest surviving seems to be by Leontius Pilatus (died 1366): see catalog entry of a modern publication of that translation.
Who translated Homer’s Odyssey first?
Livius Andronicus (c. 284–205 BC) translation of Homer’s Odyssey The traditional founder of Roman literature is also, by no coincidence, the first translator of Greek works into Latin. The challenges of translating Homer are many: just ask anyone from Emily Wilson to George Chapman.
Where can I find a translation of the Odyssey?
His translation is also all over the Internet. (Butler, by the way, had published an earlier book claiming the Odyssey was written by a young, headstrong, unmarried woman.) Emil V. Rieu had an enormous hit with his easygoing translation of the Odyssey into prose that launched Penguin's book line in 1946.
Who translated the Odyssey into irregular lines?
Stanley Lombardo is another old Homer hand with a translation in 2000 of the Odyssey into irregular lines organized into stanzas of irregular length. Not every translator tried to meet the challenge of converting Homer's verse into modern poetry.
Who translated Odyssey in Latin?
Odusia. Livius made a translation of the Odyssey, entitled the Odusia in Latin, for his classes in Saturnian verse. All that survives is parts of 46 scattered lines from 17 books of the Greek 24-book epic. In some lines, he translates literally, though in others more freely.
Who translated The Odyssey?
The first translation into English based on Homer's original Greek was by playwright and poet George Chapman, published in London in 1616. Other notable early translators include Alexander Pope (1725–26), William Morris (1887), and Samuel Butler (1900).
Who wrote Odyssey in Latin?
HomerThe Odyssey (/ˈɒdəsi/; Ancient Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, romanized: Odýsseia, Attic Greek: [o. dýs. seː. a]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
Is The Odyssey in Latin?
Latin Beginnings The Odyssey was first translated into Latin by Raffaele Maffei in 1510. Despite the translation's popularity, Maffei distorted the poem by taking significant artistic liberties and therefore stripping the text of its true Greek meaning.
Who was the first person to translate the Odyssey?
Since the “Odyssey” first appeared in English, around 1615, in George Chapman's translation, the story of the Greek warrior-king Odysseus's ill-fated 10-year attempt to return home from the war in Troy to Ithaca and his wife, Penelope, has prompted some 60 English translations, at an accelerating pace, half of them in ...
How many people translated the Odyssey?
The Odyssey—the ancient Greek epic attributed to Homer—has been translated into English at least 60 times since the seventeenth century. But only one of those translations is by a woman. Her name is Emily Wilson (photo credit: Imogen Roth), and she's a professor of classical studies at the University of Pennsylvania.
Did Homer write in Greek or Latin?
The poems are in Homeric Greek, also known as Epic Greek, a literary language which shows a mixture of features of the Ionic and Aeolic dialects from different centuries; the predominant influence is Eastern Ionic. Most researchers believe that the poems were originally transmitted orally.
Who translated Homer's Iliad and Odyssey?
Alexander PopeIliad, Pope translation Alexander Pope (1688–1744) translated both the Iliad and the Odyssey into heroic couplets. Pope uses the Roman names of the Olympian gods.
Did Homer actually write the Odyssey?
Homer is the presumed author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two hugely influential epic poems of ancient Greece. If Homer did in fact compose the works, he is one of the greatest literary artists in the world, and, through these poems, he affected Western standards and ideas.
Who first translated the Iliad?
The first translation of Homer into English consisted of the first ten books of the Iliad by Arthur Hall in 1581. Hall did not base his translation on the original Greek but on the French version by Hugues Salel published in 1555.
Why is the Odyssey called the Odyssey?
The English word odyssey, meaning long journey, comes from this poem. The Roman name for Odysseus is Ulysses.
Who wrote the Odyssey?
HomerOdyssey / AuthorThe Odyssey is an epic poem in 24 books traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. The poem is the story of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who wanders for 10 years (although the action of the poem covers only the final six weeks) trying to get home after the Trojan War.
Who translated Iliad and Odyssey?
Alexander PopeIliad, Pope translation Alexander Pope (1688–1744) translated both the Iliad and the Odyssey into heroic couplets. Pope uses the Roman names of the Olympian gods.
Which translation of The Odyssey is best?
Robert Fitzgerald's translation of Homer's Odyssey is the best and best-loved modern translation of the greatest of all epic poems. Since 1961, this Odyssey has sold more than two million copies, and it is the standard translation for three generations of students and poets.
Who first translated Iliad and Odyssey into English?
The first translation of Homer into English consisted of the first ten books of the Iliad by Arthur Hall in 1581. Hall did not base his translation on the original Greek but on the French version by Hugues Salel published in 1555.
Is Emily Wilson the first woman to translate The Odyssey?
The MacArthur fellow is not the first woman to translate Homer's Odyssey, but she is the first woman to do so in English. Two years ago, Penn's Classical Studies professor Emily Wilson rose to prominence as the first woman to translate Homer's The Odyssey into English.
Who translated Homer's Odyssey into Latin?
For instance, in 1444, Lorenzo Valla completed his Latin prose versions of the first 17 books of the Iliad, and Raffaele Maffei published a version of the Odyssey, partially in verse, in 1510.
Why was the Odyssey so popular?
The Odyssey. The version of Maffei became particularly popular because it was reprinted along with other Latin translations of the Homeric text by Lorenzo Valla, Aldus Manutius, and others in Antwerp in 1528. While most of these translations were literal versions, lacking any literary embellishments, others, such as this edition ...
When was Simone Lemnius first published?
While most of these translations were literal versions, lacking any literary embellishments, others, such as this edition of Simone Lemnius that was first published in 1549, were not translations but poetical exercises that greatly departed from the original Greek.
Who was the Greek professor at U-M?
It is an original letter that a U-M alumnus, Capt. William Wirt Wheeler of the 6th Michigan Volunteers, wrote to his former professor of Greek, James Robinson Boise, on 29 September 1862.
What is the Iliad volume?
This volume consists of a Greek and Latin edition of the Iliad, followed by two additional poems that narrate the events leading to the Trojan War and the destruction of Troy itself.
When was Latinization completed?
The process of "Latinization", adoption of Latin for legal documents, and adoption of Romance-language dialects in popular speech — was only definitively completed in the 16th century with the suppression of the Greek Basilian monasteries by Rome.
What was Pilatus' contribution to the revival of Greek literature?
He made a bald and almost word for word translation of Homer into Latin prose for Boccaccio, subsequently sent to Petrarch, who owed his introduction to the poet to Pilatus and was anxious to obtain a complete translation. Pilatus also furnished Boccaccio with some of the material for his genealogy of the gods ( Genealogia deorum gentilium libri) which was, according to Edward Gibbon: "a work, in that age, of stupendous erudition, and which he ostentatiously sprinkled with Greek characters and passages, to excite the wonder and applause of his more ignorant readers."
Who was Boccaccio's pupil?
His pupil, Leonzio Pilato, another Calabrian Greek, was persuaded by Boccaccio to go to Florence between 1360 and 1362, and there in the university he translated and commented upon Homer, Euripides, and Aristotle. ^ Manguel, Alberto (2007). Homer's the Iliad and the Odyssey: Books That Shook the World.
Who was the first chair of Greek?
Much has recently been learned of the scope of the work of Leonzio Pilato, the unpleasant Calabrian Greek, who held the first chair of Greek in the Florentine Studio in 1360/2. ^ Foley, John Miles (2005). A companion to ancient epic. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 185.
How did Pilatus die?
Pilatus was killed when lightning struck a ship's mast while he was standing against it, on a voyage from Constantinople.
Who translated the Bible into Latin?
Saint Jerome (AD 331–420), the man who translated the Bible into Latin, was born at Stridon in Dalmatia during the reign of Constantine the Great (r. 306–37). His home, and at least some of the family estates, appear to have been destroyed by invading Goths in 379.
Why did Rufinus decide to translate Origen's text?
But for whatever reason he decided to produce an expurgated Latin translation of one of Origen’s more hotly disputed texts, toning down or leaving out passages that might have outraged many faithful Christians. Why Rufinus felt compelled to translate this work in particular has never satisfactorily been explained. He tried to cover himself by insinuating in the preface to his translation that Jerome, as a former student of the blind Didymus, was more than friendly to Origen’s ideas. Jerome’s reaction was perhaps predictable.
Why did Jerome depend on Origen?
Throughout the last dozen or so years of his life, Jerome relied increasingly on Origen’s work as an aid to producing commentaries. Not because he necessarily agreed with what he found in Origen; on the contrary he was fuelled by a desire to contradict and deride Origenism. Origen’s errors obsessed him, and not merely because they provided a convenient vehicle for proxy attacks on Rufinus, who died in Sicily in 412, much to his former friend’s openly-expressed satisfaction. Jerome’s few remaining friends in Rome were militantly anti-Origenist. This too does not explain his fanatical monomania, and late-life animus against a writer who died eight decades before his birth.
What was Jerome's lapse of self mastery?
Jerome’s occasional lapses of self-mastery affected much of the course of his life. During a period of enforced self-isolation he was afflicted by powerful visions of sins that he thought he had abandoned, many of which appear to have involved saltatrices (dancing girls). In a letter to his friend Pammachius (AD 393) he admitted that if he exalted virginity to the skies, it was in admiration of what he had lost. Self-recrimination features in much of his correspondence.
Who was the first Christian writer to leave an extensive body of work in Latin?
Yet not all ‘Church Fathers’ give off such an odour of sanctity. The first Christian writer to leave an extensive body of work in Latin, Tertullian (AD 155–220), shocks you with the sheer force of his invective. He cannot hold his tongue sometimes; the reader often struggles to distinguish rhetorical brilliance from splenetic rage. The slightly later apologist Lactantius (250–325), for all his stylish prose, seems to care less about converting ‘pagans’ and ‘heathens’ than taunting and sneering at them, and getting back at them for persecuting his brethren.
When did Jerome start his rhetorical training?
Having left the school of Donatus at around the age of sixteen, Jerome began his formal rhetorical training. He appears to have thrived, relishing every available opportunity to challenge his fellow students to debates, which he treated as verbal duels. Later in life he would remember with pleasure how carefully he groomed himself at this point in his life, particularly when preparing to deliver practice orations in front of his rhetoric master.
How long did Odysseus stay in Troy?
Since the “Odyssey” first appeared in English, around 1615, in George Chapman’s translation, the story of the Greek warrior-king Odysseus’s ill-fated 10-year attempt to return home from the war in Troy to Ithaca and his wife, Penelope, has prompted some 60 English translations, at an accelerating pace, half of them in the last 100 years and a dozen in the last two decades. Wilson, whose own translation appears this week, has produced the first English rendering of the poem by a woman.
What is Zeus' preoccupation in Odyssey?
Zeus is the poem’s prevailing god, and what men do, or are willing to do, in love and war and in the friendships that arise in war and its losses, are the poem’s preoccupations. In the “Odyssey,” preoccupations shift, radically.
What does "maidservants" mean in Greek?
But Wilson, in her introduction, reminds us that these palace women — “maidservants” has often been put forward as a “correct” translation of the Greek δμωαι, dmoai, which Wilson calls “an entirely misleading and also not at all literal translation,” the root of the Greek meaning “to overpower , to tame, to subdue” — weren’t free. Rather, they were slaves, and if women, only barely. Young female slaves in a palace would have had little agency to resist the demands of powerful men. Where Fagles wrote “whores” and “the likes of them” — and Lattimore “the creatures” — the original Greek, Wilson explained, is just a feminine definite article meaning “female ones.” To call them “whores” and “creatures” reflects, for Wilson, “a misogynistic agenda”: their translators’ interpretation of how these females would be defined. Here is how Wilson renders their undoing:
What is the difference between the Odyssey and the Iliad?
As Wilson spoke, I recalled a little formula by the American critic Guy Davenport about the difference between Homer’s two poems: “The ‘Iliad’ is a poem about force; the ‘Odyssey’ is a poem about the triumph of the mind over force.”.
What did Wilson write before tenure?
Wilson did write a range of books before tenure, most on canonical texts: her study of suffering and death in literature; a monograph on Socrates.
What changes did Wilson make to the Odyssey?
Throughout her translation of the “Odyssey,” Wilson has made small but, it turns out, radical changes to the way many key scenes of the epic are presented — “radical” in that, in 400 years of versions of the poem, no translator has made the kinds of alterations Wilson has, changes that go to truing a text that, as she says, has through translation accumulated distortions that affect the way even scholars who read Greek discuss the original. These changes seem, at each turn, to ask us to appreciate the gravity of the events that are unfolding, the human cost of differences of mind.
What does "complicated" mean in Latin?
But no less than that of polytropos, the etymology of “complicated” is revealing. From the Latin verb complicare, it means “to fold together.” No, we don’t think of that root when we call someone complicated, but it’s what we mean: that they’re compound, several things folded into one, difficult to unravel, pull apart, understand.
Who translated the Odyssey into prose?
Emil V. Rieu had an enormous hit with his easygoing translation of the Odyssey into prose that launched Penguin's book line in 1946. The version you're more likely to find has been revised by his son, D.C.H. Rieu, to retain its feeling while improving its literal accuracy.
Who translated Homer's Odyssey?
Not every translator tried to meet the challenge of converting Homer's verse into modern poetry. Novelist Samuel Butler continued his Homer project, begun with the Iliad, with an easily read prose translation of the Odyssey in 1900. His translation is also all over the Internet.
Why is the Iliad rarely read today?
Like his Iliad, it was the version for a long time but is seldom read today, possibly because the language of that time appears archaic to our ears. Alexander Pope also carried on from a translation of the Iliad to The Odyssey in 1725 with rhymed couplets in iambic pentameter.
What did Muse say about a man?
Many were the men whose lands he saw and came to know their thinking: many too the miseries at sea which he suffered in his heart, as he sought to win his own life and the safe return of his companions.
What is the first line of the poem "Lattimore"?
First lines in ten English translations: Lattimore. Tell me, Muse, of the man of many ways, who was driven. far journeys, after he had sacked Troy's sacred citadel. Many were they whose cities he saw, whose minds he learned of, many the pains he suffered in his spirit on the wide sea,
When was the Lattimore translation of Homer's Odyssey published?
Lattimore does manage to pull it off in his acclaimed translation of 1965–67. It is both majestic and very faithful to Homer—though perhaps also more of a challenge for a reader who is intimidated by long lines of poetry. It's my personal favourite, but it's not for everyone. You may prefer any of the other noted renderings of modern English translators over the past four centuries.
Who translated the Iliad into unrhymed verse?
Robert Fagles repeated his Iliad success with his 1996 translation of the Odyssey into unrhymed verse with lines of uneven lengths. It seems to be the current critical favourite.
Who translated Homer's Odyssey?
1. Livius Andronicus (c. 284–205 BC) translation of Homer’s Odyssey. The traditional founder of Roman literature is also, by no coincidence, the first translator of Greek works into Latin. The challenges of translating Homer are many: just ask anyone from Emily Wilson to George Chapman.
Which edition of Euthyphro is from the Stephanus edition?
From the Stephanus (1578) edition: Plato’s Euthy phro, with a Latin translation.
What does Versutus mean?
Versutus means tricky in a way that is fraudulent or deceitful. In Paulus Diaconus’s epitome of Festus, he defined versuti ( Fest. 370M) by saying that “those people are called tricky ( versuti) whose minds constantly twist to evil ( ad malitiam vertuntur ).”. I’ve always felt like Odysseus was a jerk.
Is Greek literature translated into Latin?
Greek literature in Latin translation presents a marvelous opportunity for those of us who want to get to know those languages better. How would a Latin-speaker render a given idea in idiomatic Latin? Just look at the choices that actual Latin translators have made.
Who is the best Latin prose stylist?
Cicero is (arguably) the best Latin prose stylist, and Plato (arguably) the best Greek prose stylist. I would read a Ciceronian translation of Plato even if the work itself were a book-length description of a geometry teacher’s acid trip. Which is pretty much how the Timaeus reads.
Did the Romans have translators?
In a bit of historical irony, the Romans themselves were avid and excellent translators. In fact, Roman literature originated as an act of translation, when Livius Andronicus and others started rendering Greek dramas comprehensible for Roman audiences.
Is "versutus" a word?
The word is etymologically similar to πολύτροπος, since it joins the stem vert- (“turn”) and the suffix - utus (“full of”). Yet versutus actually lacks the sense of “well traveled,” and it’s a strikingly pejorative term for “cleverness.”. Versutus means tricky in a way that is fraudulent or deceitful.
